Evaluation of Pigeon Pea Lines for Biological Soil Decompaction

Soil decompaction is generally achieved through mechanical cultivation practices; however biological processes can significantly add to this process through root growth, development, and later senescence. This study was carried out in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil and had the purpose of selecting, among forty one pure pigeon pea lines, the most efficient genotypes that promote soil decompaction by roots penetrating compacted soil layers. Utilizing artificially compacted 30 mm high soil blocks, in a series of experiments, these lines were compared to the cultivar Fava Larga taken as a standard. Three lines were preliminarily selected out of the initial group, and afterwards, in more detailed screenings by monitoring soil resistance to penetration and also evaluating the behavior of Tanzania grass plants seeded after pigeon pea, two of them, g5-94 and g8-95, were selected as possessing the most fit root system to penetrate compacted soil layers.

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Resistance of soil to penetration as a parameter indicator of subsolation in crop areas of sugar cane

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-91186-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Aline Barbosa Arruda ◽

Rodrigo Fernandes de Souza ◽

Gustavo Henrique Mendes Brito ◽

Jadson Belém de Moura ◽

Manoel Henrique Reis de Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Compaction ◽

Diagnostic Method ◽

Penetration Resistance ◽

Soil Resistance ◽

Agricultural Machinery ◽

Compacted Soil ◽

Soil Preparation ◽

Critical Resistance ◽

Resistance Value ◽

Resistance To Penetration

AbstractSugarcane is a very important economic crop that relies heavily on agricultural machinery, which contributes to soil compaction and a consequent decline in productivity. Subsoiling operation reduces the problems caused by compression; however, it is necessary to know its location and intensity. Accordingly, the aim of this work is to present a compression diagnostic method based on soil resistance to penetration as the parameter that indicates need for intervention in the subsoil. Measurements of penetration resistance was carried out in areas of sugarcane, located in the municipalities of Goianésia, Barro Alto and Santa Isabel, in the Brazilian state of Goiás. The Falker penetrometer (PLG 1020) was used, adjusted to a maximum depth of 40 cm and adopted as a critical resistance value of 4.0 MPa. The data were interpolated using kriging and adjusted in AutoCAD 2013 (Autodesk). The methodology proved effective in areas of compacted soil, and the surface layer had less resistance. The reduction in soil preparation was 96.54% and when considering the topographic adjustments, the reduction was 74.07%, showing the viability and importance of the diagnosis to show the proper management.

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Effect of cropping systems in no-till farming on the quality of a Brazilian Oxisol

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo ◽

10.1590/s0100-06832014000400023 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 1268-1280 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Getulio de Freitas Seben Junior ◽

José Eduardo Corá ◽

Rattan Lal

Keyword(s):

C Sequestration ◽

Pigeon Pea ◽

Grain Sorghum ◽

Soil Resistance ◽

Organic C ◽

No Till ◽

Sunn Hemp ◽

Winter Crops ◽

Least Limiting Water Range ◽

Resistance To Penetration

The no-till system with complex cropping sequences may improve the structural quality and carbon (C) sequestration in soils of the tropics. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of cropping sequences after eight years under the no-till system on the physical properties and C sequestration in an Oxisol in the municipality of Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, Brazil. A randomized split-block design with three replications was used. The treatments were combinations of three summer cropping sequences - corn/corn (Zea mays L.) (CC), soybean/soybean (Glycine max L. Merryll) (SS), and soybean-corn (SC); and seven winter crops - corn, sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus L.), pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp), grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.). Soil samples were taken at the 0-10 cm depth after eight years of experimentation. Soil under SC and CC had higher mean weight diameter (3.63 and 3.55 mm, respectively) and geometric mean diameter (3.55 and 2.92 mm) of the aggregates compared to soil under SS (3.18 and 2.46 mm). The CC resulted in the highest soil organic C content (17.07 g kg-1), soil C stock (15.70 Mg ha-1), and rate of C sequestration (0.70 Mg ha-1 yr-1) among the summer crops. Among the winter crops, soil under pigeon pea had the highest total porosity (0.50 m³ m-3), and that under sunn hemp had the highest water stable aggregates (93.74 %). In addition, sunn hemp did not differ from grain sorghum and contained the highest soil organic C content (16.82 g kg-1) and also had the highest rate of C sequestration (0.67 Mg ha-1 yr-1). The soil resistance to penetration was the lower limit of the least limiting water range, while the upper limit was air-filled porosity for soil bulk densities higher than 1.39 kg dm-3 for all cropping sequences. Within the SC sequence, soil under corn and pigeon pea increased least limiting water range by formation of biopores because soil resistance to penetration decreased with the increase in soil bulk density.

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Effects of Salinity and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) on Root Growth Development and Productivity of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.), a Promising Salt-Tolerant Crop, Under Mediterranean Conditions

Handbook of Halophytes ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-17854-3_117-1 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-30

Author(s):

Dimitrios J. Bilalis ◽

Ioannis Roussis ◽

Ioanna Kakabouki ◽

Stella Karydogianni

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Root Growth ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Salvia Hispanica ◽

Growth Development ◽

Salvia Hispanica L ◽

Mediterranean Conditions

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INFLUENCE OF TIME MANAGEMENT IN MODELING OF CURVE RESISTANCE TO THE PENETRATION OF A LATOSOL UNDER DIFFERENT USES AND MANAGEMENT OF PASTURES AND NATIVE WOODLAND

Revista Árvore ◽

10.1590/0100-67622016000300015 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 519-527 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kathleen Lourenço Fernandes ◽

Adriana Aparecida Ribon ◽

João Tavares Filho ◽

Gustavo Dias Custódio ◽

Leonardo Rodrigues Barros

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Time Management ◽

Soil Compaction ◽

Total Porosity ◽

Soil Resistance ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Grazing System ◽

Native Woodland ◽

Stepwise Procedure ◽

Resistance To Penetration

ABSTRACT The soil resistance to penetration study helps in understanding the state of soil compaction, indicating how best to manage it. The present study aimed to verify the influence of time management in modeling curves of resistance to penetration in Oxisol under different uses and management of pastures and woodland in field conditions, using the stepwise procedure. The study was conducted in the Cerrado region. Five (5) systems of uses and management of pastures and native woodland were evaluated: ILPF: crop-livestock-forest integration; ILP: crop-livestock integration; P: Area in the extensive grazing system; MN: native woodland; PIQ: rotated picket. The experiments were assessed for the years 2012/13 and 2013/14. To obtain the models, an analysis with four independent variables was performed: Gravimetric moisture (X1), bulk density (X2), total porosity (X3) and organic matter (X4) and the dependent variable, soil resistance to penetration (Y). The multiple regression analysis by STEPWISE with F of 0.15 was used. The equation that best estimated the resistance to penetration was RP = 14.68 to 0.26 for Native Woodland in layers from 0.20 - 0.40 m with R2 indices of 0.97 in year 1. For year 2, the equation that estimated the resistance to penetration was obtained in the PIQ treatment, PR = - 15.94 - 0.29 PT + 15.87 DS + 0.05 MO. with R2 of 0.94.

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Soil resistance to penetration and least limiting water range for soybean yield in a haplustox from Brazil

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology ◽

10.1590/s1516-89132005000800002 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 48 (6) ◽

pp. 863-871 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Amauri Nelson Beutler ◽

José Frederico Centurion ◽

Alvaro Pires da Silva

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Soil Compaction ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Soil Resistance ◽

Soybean Yield ◽

Randomized Experimental Design ◽

Least Limiting Water Range ◽

Dry Matter Weight ◽

Resistance To Penetration

The objective of this study was determine the resistance to penetration (PR), least limiting water range (LLWR) and critical bulk density (Db-crit) for soybean yield in a medium-textured oxisol (Haplustox). The treatments represented the soil compaction by passing a tractor over the site 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 times, with 4 replications in a randomized experimental design. Samples were collected from 0.02-0.05, 0.07-0.10 and 0.15-0.18 m depths. Soybean (Glycine max cv. Embrapa 48) was sowed in December 2002. Plant height, number of pods, aerial dry matter, weight of 100 seeds, and the yield in 3.6 m² plots were recorded. Soybean yield started reduction at the PR of 0.85 MPa and Db of 1.48 Mg m-3. The LLWR was limited in highest part by water content at field capacity (0.01 MPa tension) and in lowest part by water content at PRcrit, achieved the Db-crit to yield at 1.48 Mg m-3.

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AGRONOMICAL ATTRIBUTES OF SOYBEANS AND SOIL RESISTANCE TO PENETRATION IN NO-TILLAGE AND CHISELED SURFACES

Engenharia Agrícola ◽

10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v37n1p98-105/2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 98-105 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jorge W. Cortez ◽

Munir Mauad ◽

Luiz C. F. de Souza ◽

Mauricio V. Rufino ◽

Paulo H. N. de Souza

Keyword(s):

Soil Resistance ◽

No Tillage ◽

Resistance To Penetration

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Hormonal endogenous changes in response to the exogenous 6-benzylaminopurine application in pre- and post-harvesting lilium flower stalks

Ornamental Horticulture ◽

10.1590/2447-536x.v27i3.2337 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gunther Mantilla ◽

Gabriel Antonio Lorenzo ◽

Libertad Mascarini

Keyword(s):

Environmental Variables ◽

Lilium Longiflorum ◽

Vase Life ◽

Plant Responses ◽

Biological Processes ◽

Hormonal Changes ◽

Post Harvest ◽

Growth Development ◽

Post Harvesting

Abstract Phyto-hormones play a key role in regulating plant responses to stress. Cytokines are a type of phyto-hormones involved in the regulation of many important biological processes related to growth, development, and response to environmental variables. The exogenous application of cytokines increases the possibility of delaying senescence; however, this is a physiological process, and, under certain conditions, degradation processes may be triggered. The effect of 6-bencilaminopurine application and the endogenous hormonal changes involved in lilies floral stalks after their cutting were studied. In order to improve vase life and quality of Lilium longiflorum ‘Brindisi’ flower stalks, they were sprayed with 6-BAP, at a concentration of 300 ppm at pre-harvest, post-harvest, and pre- and post-harvest stages. After that, they were compared to non-sprayed control stalks. The application of 6-BAP caused endogenous hormonal changes in abscisic acid and cytokinin levels, and the most effective treatment was pre-harvest spraying. This treatment proved to be an appropriate method to improve the stalk tolerance to post-harvest stress as it delayed the appearance of senescence symptoms and reduced the speed of chlorophyll degradation with differences of up to 10% with respect to untreated stalks. In addition, the opening of flowers was delayed by up to 2 days, although there were no significant differences in total vase life.

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Effect of soil acidity, soil strength and macropores on root growth and morphology of perennial grass species differing in acid-soil resistance

Plant Cell & Environment ◽

10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02254.x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 444-456 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

REBECCA E. HALING ◽

RICHARD J. SIMPSON ◽

RICHARD A. CULVENOR ◽

HANS LAMBERS ◽

ALAN E. RICHARDSON

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Soil Acidity ◽

Acid Soil ◽

Perennial Grass ◽

Soil Strength ◽

Grass Species ◽

Soil Resistance

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EFFECT OF VETIVER ROOTS ON SOIL RESISTANCE TO PENETRATION IN A TYPIC FLUVIC NEOSSOL IN THE SÃO FRANCISCO RIVERBANK

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252018v31n416rc ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 935-943

Author(s):

Lorena Machado ◽

Francisco Sandro Rodrigues Holanda ◽

Alceu Pedrotti ◽

Olavo José Marques Ferreira ◽

Renisson Neponuceno de Araújo Filho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Retention ◽

Ground Cover ◽

Root Density ◽

Average Moisture Content ◽

Soil Resistance ◽

Vetiver Grass ◽

Erosion Processes ◽

Particle Size Data ◽

Adequate Ground ◽

Resistance To Penetration

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the root of vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Robert) on the soil Resistance to penetration (RP) in the margins of the lower São Francisco River. Vetiver grass seedlings were planted on the riverbank margins in order to increase soil resistance to erosion processes, and RP assessments were made at soil depths of 0-0.20, 0.20-0.40, and 0.40-0.60 m in different situations (near the plants and within rows). RP data was obtained using an automated penetrometer. Gravimetric moisture data was also collected, as well as particle size data by densimetry, and root density data by the monolith method. The results of the RP, moisture, and root density studies were subjected to analysis of variance (p <0.05) and then the averages were compared by the Tukey test using SISVAR software. The samples next to the vetiver grass showed an average RP of 1793.94 kPa and an average moisture content of 11.78%, statistically differing from that of the sampled points within rows. RP and soil moisture did not differ statistically at the depth assessed. The vetiver grass produced an adequate ground cover, leading to higher water retention and hence a reduced resistance to penetration.

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