scholarly journals Carbon dioxide test as an additional clinical measure of treatment response in panic disorder

2002 ◽  
Vol 60 (2B) ◽  
pp. 358-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre M. Valença ◽  
Antonio Egidio Nardi ◽  
Isabella Nascimento ◽  
Walter A. Zin ◽  
Márcio Versiani
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Panic Attack ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Drug Free ◽  
Free Status ◽  
Co2 Challenge

OBJECTIVE: We aim to determine if a treatment with a dose of clonazepam - 2 mg/day, for 6 weeks, blocks spontaneous panic attacks and the ones induced by the inhalation of 35% carbon dioxide (CO2) in panic disorder (PD) patients. The CO2 challenge-test may be a useful addition tool for measuring the pharmacological response during the initial phase (6 weeks) in the treatment of PD. METHOD: Eighteen PD patients drug free for a week participated in a carbon dioxide challenge test. Fourteen had a panic attack and were openly treated for a 6-week period with clonazepam. At the end of the 6-week period they were submitted again to the CO2 challenge test. RESULTS: After 6 weeks of treatment with clonazepam, 12 of 14 PD patients (85.7%) did not have a panic attack after the CO2 challenge test. Just 2 of 14 patients (14.3%) had a panic attack after the CO2 challenge test. Ten of 14 (71.4%) PD patients had panic free status after clonazepam treatment. The 2 patients who had a panic attack in the sixth week, after the CO2 test, did not have panic free status after the treatment with clonazepam. CONCLUSION: The CO2-test may be a valid tool for testing and predicting the drug response.

scholarly journals Carbon dioxide induced panic attacks and short term clonazepam treatment: preliminary study

1999 ◽  
Vol 57 (2B) ◽  
pp. 361-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTONIO EGIDIO NARDI ◽  
ALEXANDRE M. VALENÇA ◽  
WALTER ZIN ◽  
ISABELLA NASCIMENTO
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Panic Attack ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Compressed Gas ◽  
Gas Inhalation ◽  
Drug Free ◽  
Clonazepam Therapy

AIMS: 1. To verify the sensibility of panic patients to a mixture of 35% CO2 and 65% O2. 2. To determine if a ten days treatment with clonazepam attenuates the panic attacks induced by the inhalation of 35% carbon dioxide in panic disorder. METHOD: We randomly selected six panic disorder subjects, using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. All subjects went double-blindly through an inhalation of 35% CO2 and compressed gas (atmospheric air) on two occasions. First, at baseline, when they were drug free. Second, after a 10 days clonazepam treatment. RESULTS: Neither at baseline nor after treatment any patient had a panic attack during compressed gas inhalation. At the first test five patients (83.3%) had a severe panic attack with high levels of subjective anxiety during carbon dioxide inhalation. After 9.6 (± 3.4) days of clonazepam treatment, only two (33.3%) patients experienced a mild panic attack. CONCLUSION: This pilot study suggests the efficacy of the short term clonazepam therapy in attenuating panic attacks and supports the usefulness of the 35% carbon dioxide challenge test as an analogue method for study the efficacy of anti-panic drugs. Further placebo-controlled studies to pharmacological treatment are warranted.

scholarly journals Panic disorder and hyperventilation

1999 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 932-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTONIO EGIDIO NARD ◽  
ALEXANDRE M. VALENÇA ◽  
ISABELLA NASCIMENTO ◽  
MARCO A. MEZZASALMA ◽  
WALTER ZIN
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Respiratory Physiology ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Simple Test ◽  
Normal Volunteers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Drug Free

Respiratory abnormalities are associated with anxiety, particularly with panic attacks. Symptoms such as shortness of breath, "empty-head" feeling, dizziness, paresthesias and tachypnea have been described in the psychiatric and respiratory physiology related to panic disorder. Panic disorder patients exhibit both behaviorally and physiologically abnormal responses to respiratory challenges tests. Objective: We aim to observe the induction of panic attacks by hyperventilation in a group of panic disorder patients (DSM-IV). Method: 13 panic disorder patients and 11 normal volunteers were randomly selected. They were drug free for a week. They were induced to hyperventilate (30 breaths/min) for 3 minutes. Anxiety scales were taken before and after the test. Results: 9 (69.2%) panic disorder patients and one (9.1%) of control subjects had a panic attack after hyperventilating (p< 0.05). Conclusion: The panic disorder group was more sensitive to hyperventilation than normal volunteers. The induction of panic attacks by vonluntary hyperventilation may be a useful and simple test for validating the diagnosis in some specific panic disorder patients.

scholarly journals Panic disorder in a breath-holding challenge test: a simple tool for a better diagnosis

2003 ◽  
Vol 61 (3B) ◽  
pp. 718-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio E. Nardi ◽  
Isabella Nascimento ◽  
Alexandre M. Valença ◽  
Fabiana L. Lopes ◽  
Marco A. Mezzasalma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Breath Hold ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Minute Interval

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to observe if anxiety disorder patients - DSM-IV - respond in a similar way to the induction of panic attacks by a breath-holding challenge test. METHOD: We randomly selected 29 panic disorder (PD) patients, 27 social anxiety disorder (SAD) patients, 21 generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) patients. They were induced to breath-hold for as long as possible four times with two-minute interval between them. Anxiety scales were applied before and after the test. RESULTS: A total of 44.8% (n=13) PD patients, 14.8% (n=4) SAD patients, 9.5% (n=2) GAD patients had a panic attack after the test (c²= 21.44, df= 2, p=0.001). There was no heart rate or anxiety levels difference among the groups before and after the test. CONCLUSION: In this breath-holding challenge test the panic disorder patients were more sensitive than other anxiety disorder patients.

scholarly journals Respiratory panic disorder subtype and sensitivity to the carbon dioxide challenge test

2002 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 783-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Valença ◽  
A.E. Nardi ◽  
I. Nascimento ◽  
W.A. Zin ◽  
M. Versiani
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Challenge

scholarly journals Coronavirus disease-19 Pandemic-Induced Panic Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (T3) ◽  
pp. 237-239
Author(s):  
Muhammad Surya Husada ◽  
Mustafa M. Amin ◽  
Munawir Saragih
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Panic Attack ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Psychosocial Burden ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Common Diagnosis ◽  
The Individual

Background: COVID-19 is a newly emerging infectious disease which is found to be caused by SARS-2. COVID-19 pandemic has spread worldwide causing a rapidly increasing number of mental disorders cases, primarily anxiety disorder. Since majority of panic disorder patients are present with great anxiety in response to their physical or respiratory symptoms, support and encouragement from psychiatrist or therapist are fundamental to alleviate the severity of the symptoms. Case Report: We reported a case of COVID-19 induced panic disorder in a woman, 52 years old, batak tribe who started to experience multiple panic attacks since one of her family members was confirmed to be Covid-10 positive. Conclusion: In general, panic disorder is a common diagnosis, but this case appeared to be interesting as it is induced by COVID-19 pandemic. As in this case, the individual who experienced multiple panic attack is not even a COVID-19 patient but has one of her family member affected by the virus. A wide body of evidence has shown that this pandemic massively contributes to worsening of psychosocial burden in nationwide.

Recurrent episodes of intense fear, shortness of breath, racing heart, and sweating

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
Christina L. Macenski
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Panic Attack ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Intense Fear ◽  
Therapy Intervention ◽  
Norepinephrine Reuptake

Panic disorder consists of recurrent, unexpected panic attacks accompanied by persistent worry about future attacks and/or a maladaptive change in behavior related to the attacks. A panic attack is defined as an abrupt surge of intense fear or discomfort that reaches a peak within minutes that occurs in conjunction with several other associated symptoms such as palpitations, sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, and chest pain. Features of panic disorder that are more common in adolescents than in adults include less worry about additional panic attacks and decreased willingness to openly discuss their symptoms. All patients with suspected panic disorder should undergo a medical history, physical examination, and laboratory workup to exclude medical causes of panic attacks. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) including interoceptive exposures is the gold standard therapy intervention. Medications including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) can also help reduce symptoms.

Carbon dioxide induced panic attack in panic disorder in Japan

1996 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1145-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ichiro Sasaki ◽  
Jotaro Akiyoshi ◽  
Rurika Sakurai ◽  
Takashi Tsutsumi ◽  
Hiroshi Ono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Panic Attack

Hyperventilation challenge test in panic disorder and depression with panic attacks

2001 ◽  
Vol 105 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio E Nardi ◽  
Alexandre M Valença ◽  
Isabella Nascimento ◽  
Walter A Zin
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Panic Attacks

Childhood abuse and familial violence and the risk of panic attacks and panic disorder in young adulthood

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 881-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
RENEE D. GOODWIN ◽  
DAVID M. FERGUSSON ◽  
L. JOHN HORWOOD
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Panic Attack ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Interparental Violence ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Increased Risk

Background. The objectives of the study were to examine linkages between exposure to childhood abuse and interparental violence and the subsequent development of panic attacks and panic disorder using data gathered on a birth cohort of 1265 New Zealand young people studied to the age of 21 years.Method. Data on: (a) exposure to child abuse and interparental violence; (b) the development of panic attacks and panic disorder; and (c) other childhood and related factors were gathered over the course of a 21-year longitudinal study.Results. After adjustment for childhood and related factors, exposure to childhood physical abuse was associated with a significantly increased risk of later panic attack (OR 2·3, 95% CI 1·1–4·9) and panic disorder (OR 3·0, 95% CI 1·1–7·9); childhood sexual abuse was associated with a significantly increased risk of panic attack (OR 4·1, 95% CI 2·3–7·2) and a marginally significant increase risk of panic disorder (OR 2·2; 95% CI 0·98–5·0). Exposure to interparental violence was unrelated to later panic attack or disorder after adjustment.Conclusions. Exposure to childhood sexual and physical abuse was associated with increased risks of later panic attack/disorder even after adjustment for prospectively assessed confounding factors. However, exposure to interparental violence during childhood was not related to increased risk of later panic attack/disorder after adjustment. These data suggest the need for clinicians to be aware that patients with histories of childhood physical and sexual abuse may be at increased risk for panic during young adulthood.

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