scholarly journals Detection of circulating polysaccharide antigen of Schistosoma mansoni in hamster sera by crossed immunoelectrophoresis

1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
Margareth Fernandes ◽  
Ione Irulegui ◽  
Dirce Mary Correia Lima ◽  
Clarice Pires Abrantes ◽  
Martha Smith Cressoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Polysaccharide Antigen ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Crossed Immunoelectrophoresis ◽  
Human Sera

Crossed immunoelectrophoresis (IEC) was used for detection of free and complexed circulating polisaccharide anodic antigen (AgCA) of Schistosoma mansoni in sera of infected hamsters. An attempt was also done to detect AgCA in human sera from patients infected with S. mansoni. The conditions for isolation and detection of complexed AgCA were established. The sensitivity of IEC was increased by incorporation of 2% polyethylene glicol (PEG) to the agarose and by maintaining the system at 4°C during the electrophoretic run. Free AgCA was detected in 12 and the complexed in 30 of the 37 hamsters sera analysed. Correlation between AgCA (free and complexed) and the parasite load was observed. AgCA was not detected, under the experimental conditions used, in human sera from 7 patients in the acute and 23 in the chronic phase of infection.

Dynamics of T Cells Repertoire During Trypanosoma cruzi Infection and its Post-Treatment Modulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (36) ◽  
pp. 6519-6543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Egui ◽  
Paola Lasso ◽  
Elena Pérez-Antón ◽  
M. Carmen Thomas ◽  
Manuel Carlos López
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Chronic Patients ◽  
Cruzi Infection

Chagas disease courses with different clinical phases and has a variable clinical presentation and progression. The acute infection phase mostly exhibits a non-specific symptomatology. In the absence of treatment, the acute phase is followed by a chronic phase, which is initially asymptomatic. This chronic asymptomatic phase of the disease is characterized by a fragile balance between the host’s immune response and the parasite replication. The loss of this balance is crucial for the progression of the sickness. The virulence and tropism of the T. cruzi infecting strain together to the inflammation processes in the cardiac tissue are the main factors for the establishment and severity of the cardiomyopathy. The efficacy of treatment in chronic Chagas disease patients is controversial. However, several studies carried out in chronic patients demonstrated that antiparasitic treatment reduces parasite load in the bloodstream and leads to an improvement in the immune response against the Trypanosoma cruzi parasite. The present review is mainly focused on the cellular patterns associated to the clinical status and the evolution of the disease in chronic patients, as well as the effectiveness of the treatment related to T. cruzi infection control. Therefore, an emphasis is placed on the dynamics of specific-antigens T cell subpopulations, their memory and activation phenotypes, their functionality and their contribution to pathogenesis or disease control, as well as their association with risk of congenital transmission of the parasite.

Delayed tail loss during the invasion of mouse skin by cercariae of Schistosoma japonicum

Parasitology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
TING WANG ◽  
ZHENG-MING FANG ◽  
JIA-HUI LEI ◽  
FEI GUAN ◽  
WEN-QI LIU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Schistosoma Japonicum ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Mouse Skin ◽  
Density Range ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Tail Loss ◽  
Traditional Assumption

SUMMARYA traditional assumption is that schistosome cercariae lose their tails at the onset of penetration. It has, however, recently been demonstrated that, for Schistosoma mansoni, cercarial tails were not invariably being shed as penetration took place and a high proportion of tails entered human skin under experimental conditions. This phenomenon was termed delayed tail loss (DTL). In this paper, we report that DTL also happens with S. japonicum cercariae during penetration of mouse skin. It occurred at all cercarial densities tested, from as few as 10 cercariae/2·25 cm2 of mouse skin up to 200 cercariae. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that there was a density-dependent increase in DTL as cercarial densities increased. No such density-dependent enhancement was shown for percentage attachment over the same cercarial density range.

Schistosoma mansoni: tail loss in relation to permeability changes during cercaria–schistosomulum transformation

Parasitology ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Howells ◽  
S. E. Gerken ◽  
F. J. Pinto-Ramalho ◽  
U. Kawazoe ◽  
G. Gazzinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
General Body ◽  
Tail Loss ◽  
Permeability Changes ◽  
Extensive Lesion ◽  
Scanning Electron

The hind-body region of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae observed in the scanning electron microscope demonstrates various stages of contraction which may be compared with those of living larvae which are secreting the acetabular gland contents.No evidence for an extensive lesion was found in cercarial bodies which had shed their tails under experimental conditions. Experiments on the permeability of the larvae to sodium fluoride, methylene blue and amino acids demonstrated that tail loss significantly affects the permeability of the bodies although the effect is greater immediately after decaudation than at later times. Subsequent increases in permeability may be correlated with a change in the general body surface.

scholarly journals [NO TITLE AVAILABLE]

1975 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Mauro Scapin ◽  
Miriam Tendler
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Human Sera ◽  
Antigenic Fraction

An antigenic fraction of Schistosoma mansoni, obtained from adult worms, has precipttated within 35 minutes with human sera from schistosomotic patients and became visible without staining, using the immunoeletroctroosmophoretic method (I.E.O.F.).

scholarly journals Egg excretion in the initial phase of experimental murine schistosomiasis mansoni: stability and association with worm burden

1995 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Lunardi Rocha ◽  
Manoel Otávio da Costa Rocha ◽  
Ênio Roberto Pietra Pedroso ◽  
Enrico Antônio Colosimo ◽  
Paulo Marcos Zech Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Worm Burden ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Schistosome Infection ◽  
Schistosomiasis Mansoni

Stability of faecal egg excretion and correlation with results related to worm burden at the initial phase of schistosomiasis mansoni were observed in two groups of mice infected with different Schistosoma mansoni cercarial burdens, by means of analysis of quantitative parasitological studies and schistosome counts after perfusion. Thus, it may be stated that few quantitative parasitological stool examinations could be sufficient to express the infection intensity at the initial phase, on the same grounds that it was already demonstrated at the chronic phase. Furthermore, it is confirmed that the use of the number of eggs passed in the faeces as a tool to estimate the worm burden at the initial phase of schistosome infection is adequate.

scholarly journals Influence of Acute-Phase Parasite Load on Pathology, Parasitism, and Activation of the Immune System at the Late Chronic Phase of Chagas’ Disease

1999 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 308-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio R. F. Marinho ◽  
Maria Regina D’Império Lima ◽  
Marcos G. Grisotto ◽  
José M. Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Macrophage Phenotype ◽  
High Parasite

ABSTRACT To obtain low and high parasite loads in the acute phase of Chagas’ disease, A/J mice were infected with 103 or 105 Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes of the Y strain and treated on day 6 with benznidazol. One year later, chronically infected mice were screened for subpatent parasitemias, tissue pathology, and immune response. Mice infected with the high parasite inoculum showed higher levels of chronic parasitemias, heart and striated muscle inflammation, and activation of the immune system than did mice infected with the low inoculum. Concerning the activation of the immune system, the main findings for high-dose-infected mice were (i) increased numbers of splenocytes, with preferential expansion of CD8+ and B220− CD5− cells, many of them bearing a macrophage phenotype; (ii) higher frequencies of B (B220+), CD4+, and CD8+ large lymphocytes; (iii) a shift of CD4+ cells towards a CD45RBLow phenotype; (iv) increased frequencies of both CD45RBLow and CD45RBHigh large CD4+cells; (v) augmented numbers of total immunoglobulin (Ig)-secreting cells, with predominance of IgG2a-producing cells; and (vi) increased production of gamma interferon and interleukin 4. In addition, these mice presented lower IgM and higher IgG2a and IgG1 parasite-specific serum antibody levels. Our results indicate that the parasite load at the acute phase of T. cruzi infection influences the activation of the immune system and development of Chagas’ disease pathology at the late chronic phase of the disease.

Dynamics of Besnoitia besnoiti infection in cattle

Parasitology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 141 (11) ◽  
pp. 1419-1435 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. ÁLVAREZ-GARCÍA ◽  
P. GARCÍA-LUNAR ◽  
D. GUTIÉRREZ-EXPÓSITO ◽  
V. SHKAP ◽  
L. M. ORTEGA-MORA
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Besnoitia Besnoiti ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Cell Mediated Immune Response ◽  
Host Parasite

SUMMARYBovine besnoitiosis is caused by the cyst-forming apicomplexan parasite Besnoitia besnoiti. This disease progresses in two sequential phases: a febrile acute phase with oedemas and respiratory disorders, and a chronic phase characterized by the presence of subcutaneous tissue cysts and skin lesions. Serious consequences of the infection are poor body condition, sterility in bulls and eventual death. The role of host/parasite-dependent factors, which play a major role in the pathogenesis of the disease, is not yet fully elucidated. Isolate/strain virulence, parasite stage, dose and the route of parasite inoculation were studied under different experimental conditions, which make it difficult to compare the results. Data on host-dependent factors obtained from naturally infected cattle showed that (i) the seroprevalence of infection is similar in both sexes; (ii) seropositivity increases with age; (iii) both beef and dairy cattle are susceptible to the infection; and (iv) the cell-mediated immune response is likely to play a major role because a T cell response has been observed around several tissue cysts. Whether colostral antibodies are protective and to what extent the humoral immune response might reflect the disease/protection status require further research. Thus, a well-established experimental bovine model could help to clarify these important questions. The dynamics of B. besnoiti infection in cattle and available knowledge on relevant factors in the pathogenesis of the infection are reviewed in the present work.

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