Pengaruh profibiltas, leverage, dan pertumbuhan penjualan perusahaan terhadap kondisi financial distress pada perusahaan property dan real estate di bursa efek Indonesia Tahun 2014-2018

The goal of this study, according to the analysis and discussion, is to establish the impact of profitability, leverage, and firm sales growth on financial distress in property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesian stock exchange from 2014 to 2018. Furthermore, this study approach used a sample size of 26 Indonesian public businesses. Financial statement data is derived from yearly financial statements of companies listed on IDX and IDX. Quantitative research is the form of research that was employed to discuss this study. Multiple linear regression tests are used in conjunction with the traditional assumption tests, such as normality, multicollinearity, autocorrelation, heteroscedasticity, T, F, and coefficient tests (R2). The following are the outcomes of this study's numerous testing methods: Profitability has a minimum of 0.00 and a high of 1.25, with a mean of 0.0973 and a standard deviation of 0.18003. The leverage variable has a minimum of 0.07 and a maximum of 11.43, with a mean of 0.9588 and a standard deviation of 1.21862. Sales Growth has a minimum of -1.03 and a high of 0.95, with a mean of -1.14581 and a standard deviation of 1.14581. Financial Distress has a minimum value of 0.44, a highest value of 2.08, a mean of 2.6623, and a standard deviation of 1.92402 for the variable.

Anonymus Iamblichi and Nomos: Beyond the Sophistic Discourse

The paper challenges the traditional assumption that the fragments of ‘Anonymus Iamblichi’ (Diels-Kranz 89) are best understood and interpreted against the intellectual and cultural background of the so-called ‘sophistic movement’. I begin by suggesting that we can distinguish, in the fragments, between two separate ‘discourses’ concerning nomos (‘law’) and its role in human life: an abstract ‘sophistic’ discourse, centered around the defense of nomos against the antinomian champions of natural pleonexia, and another, less abstract and more polemical discourse on nomos, which is aimed at the author’s contemporary Athens. I argue that the author’s engagement with well-known sophistic ideas is best understood as instrumental to his polemical agenda: it provides him with a powerful intellectual framework in which to articulate his criticism of democratic society, especially with regard to traditional notions of social ‘benefaction’ and the relation between rich and poor.

Challenges of Milton Friedman’s Contributions: A Perspective of Behavioral Economics

This paper reviewed Milton Friedman's major contributions and critiqued his theories from a perspective of behavioral economics. Overall, behavioral economics can be a significant supplement to the traditional Friedman's theories to better predict economic events. More specifically, in terms of money supply, behavioral economics found that emotions can distort the assumption of the quantity theory of money and it may also affect economic output through its big role in decision making. As for the permanent income hypothesis, it can better explain the effect of income on consumption from the psychological aspect such as low confidence. His major point of a free market for economic and political freedom can be challenged by Nudge concept from behavioral economics. The government can help people to achieve their goals without damaging their autonomy. In addition, behavioral economics explores more and better reasons for the common phenomena of irrational behaviors against the traditional assumption that people are always rational.

Harmonic Uniformity and Hungarian front/back harmony

In the paper we argue against the traditional assumption about the relationship between morphology and harmony in Hungarian according to which monomorphemic and polymorphemic (suffixed) forms behave in the same way harmonically within the domain of harmony. We show that the harmonic properties of the root are inherited by morphologically complex forms based on the root and this can override the phonological restrictions on harmony. We propose an Optimality Theory analysis of the interaction between the phonological constraints on harmony and the paradigm uniformity constraint Harmonic Uniformity.

Christian theological understanding of the handling of infertility and its relevance in the Indonesian context

Infertility is one of the key themes in the Old Testament narrative. This infertility was experienced by the Israelite matriarchs Sarai, Rebekah and Rachel as well as several other women. This article argues that the concept infertility has given rise to injustice and discrimination, especially against women. For this reason, a constructive and a contextual dialogue between the biblical context and the context of the present is required to offer a new understanding and a liberating spirit to women and men. It is crucial because there is a traditional assumption that infertility is a disgrace and misfortune for a family. The inability to have children can create problems in the home, such as divorce or polygamy for the sake of having children. Infertility constitutes a severe problem for couples in a culture that emphasises the importance of producing descendants.Contribution: This article offers a theological contribution from the Old Testament as a critique of the culture in terms of how infertile women are treated, that is, infertility as God’s grace. Also, this article offers a Christian theological understanding of the handling of infertility in an Indonesian context. It aims to redefine infertility and bring each couple to the realisation that the plight of infertility or having no children should no longer be seen as a burden for a couple but rather as part of God’s grace for their lives.

Evolution of bacterial steroid biosynthesis and its impact on eukaryogenesis

Steroids are components of the eukaryotic cellular membrane and have indispensable roles in the process of eukaryotic endocytosis by regulating membrane fluidity and permeability. In particular, steroids may have been a structural prerequisite for the acquisition of mitochondria via endocytosis during eukaryogenesis. While eukaryotes are inferred to have evolved from an archaeal lineage, there is little similarity between the eukaryotic and archaeal cellular membranes. As such, the evolution of eukaryotic cellular membranes has limited our understanding of eukaryogenesis. Despite evolving from archaea, the eukaryotic cellular membrane is essentially a fatty acid bacterial-type membrane, which implies a substantial bacterial contribution to the evolution of the eukaryotic cellular membrane. Here, we address the evolution of steroid biosynthesis in eukaryotes by combining ancestral sequence reconstruction and comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of steroid biosynthesis genes. Contrary to the traditional assumption that eukaryotic steroid biosynthesis evolved within eukaryotes, most steroid biosynthesis genes are inferred to be derived from bacteria. In particular, aerobic deltaproteobacteria (myxobacteria) seem to have mediated the transfer of key genes for steroid biosynthesis to eukaryotes. Analyses of resurrected steroid biosynthesis enzymes suggest that the steroid biosynthesis pathway in early eukaryotes may have been similar to the pathway seen in modern plants and algae. These resurrected proteins also experimentally demonstrate that molecular oxygen was required to establish the modern eukaryotic cellular membrane during eukaryogenesis. Our study provides unique insight into relationships between early eukaryotes and other bacteria in addition to the well-known endosymbiosis with alphaproteobacteria.

A Learning-Based Methodology to Optimally Fit Short-Term Wind-Energy Bands

The increasing rate of penetration of non-conventional renewable energies is affecting the traditional assumption of controllability over energy sources. Power dispatch scheduling methods need to integrate the intrinsic randomness of some new sources, among which, wind energy is particularly difficult to treat. This work aims at the optimal construction of energy bands around wind energy forecasts. Complementarily, a remarkable fact of the proposed technique is that it can be extended to integrate multiple forecasts into a single one, whose band width is narrower at the same level of confidence. The work is based upon a real-world application case, developed for the Uruguayan Electricity Market, a world leader in the penetration of renewable energies.

Yorùbá Sentential Negative Markers

The main claim of this paper is that Yoruba has only four sentential negative markers, kìí, kò, kọ́ and má, contrary to a traditional assumption that there are six of them (Fabunmi 2013). It is argued that these markers can be subcategorized into two morphemes: the k-morpheme and the má-morpheme. The k- and má-morphemes are distinguished based on mood. The k-morpheme is used in realis mood while the má-morpheme is used in irrealis mood. Kìí, kò, and kọ́, which are taken to be allomorphs of the k-morpheme, are distinguished based on aspect and focus. It is shown that when the SN markers occur in a different modal-aspectual environment, this generally gives rise to the kind of form-interpretation mismatches described for functional items in Carlson (2006).

Refusing to Kiss the Slipper

Refusing to Kiss the Slipper re-examines the Reformation in francophone Europe, presenting for the first time the perspective of John Calvin’s evangelical enemies. This book brings together a cast of Calvin’s opponents from various French-speaking territories to show that opposition to Calvinism was stronger and better organized than has ever before been recognized. It examines individual opponents, such as Pierre Caroli, Jerome Bolsec, Sebastian Castellio, Charles Du Moulin, and Jean Morély, but more importantly, it explores the anti-Calvinist networks that developed around such individuals. Each group had its own origins and agenda, but all agreed that Calvin’s claim to absolute religious authority too closely echoed the religious sovereignty of the pope. These oft-neglected opponents refused to offer such obeisance—to kiss the papal slipper—arguing instead for open discussion of controversial doctrines. This book also shows that the challenge posed by these groups shaped the way the Calvinists themselves developed their reform strategies. The book demonstrates that the breadth and strength of the anti-Calvinist networks requires us to abandon the traditional assumption that Huguenots and other francophone Protestants were universally Calvinist.

Oh, Mother, Who Art Thou? : The Heart of Maternal Darkness in the Short Stories of Katherine Mansfield

Our culture assumes: No love is as great as that of a mother for her child. Motherhood has been perpetually associated with self-effacement and self-abnegation. Adrienne Rich while making a distinction between the actual lived experience of a mother and the institution of motherhood has argued that motherhood is a cultural construct and a far cry from the real experience of mothering. This article traces and examines representations of motherhood in the select short stories of Katherine Mansfield, in the light of Adrienne Rich’s theories in Of Woman Born. Much like Adrienne Rich, Mansfield discredits the traditional assumption that to be a mother is an essential pre-requisite to be a ‘real woman’. Mansfield’s women characters unleash a plurality of voices that aid the readers at viewing maternity as an ambiguous experience. Instead of romanticizing and idealizing the mother-daughter relationship, she offers a problematic connection between both the figures, often pitting them as rivals against each other. Her women characters progressively revolt from within the four walls of the household by their intermittent display of anger and deliberate attempts at failing to conform to the monolithic ideals of femininity.