Nosocomial infection in long-term care facilities. A survey in a Brazilian psychiatric hospital

Nosocomial infection among male patients in a public psychiatric hospital was studied and the definitions for use in long-term care facilities were employed for diagnosis. The overall nosocomial infection rate was 6.7 per 1,000 day inpatients; 55.6% of these infections were identified in the respiratory tract, 50% of them being respiratory viral diseases; 38.9% of the nosocomial infections involved the eyes, ears, nose, throat and mouth, and 5.6% involved the skin and soft tissues. The epidemiological characteristics and the main clinical alterations of these inpatients were also identified.

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Infections and use of antibiotics in residents of long-term care facilities in Hungary

Orvosi Hetilap ◽

10.1556/oh.2014.29876 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 155 (23) ◽

pp. 911-917 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rita Szabó ◽

Karolina Böröcz

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Long Term Care ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Good Practice ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Prevalence Survey ◽

Term Care ◽

Care Facilities ◽

Tract Infections

Introduction: Healthcare associated infections and antimicrobial use are common among residents of long-term care facilities. Faced to the lack of standardized data, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control funded a project with the aim of estimating prevalence of infections and antibiotic use in European long-term care facilities. Aim: The aim of the authors was to present the results of the European survey which were obtained in Hungary. Method: In Hungary, 91 long-term care facilities with 11,823 residents participated in the point-prevalence survey in May, 2013. Results: The prevalence of infections was 2.1%. Skin and soft tissues infections were the most frequent (36%), followed by infections of the respiratory (30%) and urinary tract (21%). Antimicrobials were mostly prescribed for urinary tract infections (40.3%), respiratory tract infections (38.4%) and skin and soft tissue infections (13.2%). The most common antimicrobials (97.5%) belonged to the ATC J01 class of “antibacterials for systemic use”. Conclusions: The results emphasise the need for a national guideline and education for good practice in long-term care facilities. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(23), 911–917.

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Nationwide Results of COVID-19 Contact Tracing in South Korea: Individual Participant Data From an Epidemiological Survey (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.20992 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Seung Won Lee ◽

Woon Tak Yuh ◽

Jee Myung Yang ◽

Yoon-Sik Cho ◽

In Kyung Yoo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

South Korea ◽

Long Term Care ◽

Contact Tracing ◽

Term Care ◽

Social Distancing ◽

Percentage Difference ◽

Care Facilities ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

BACKGROUND Evidence regarding the effectiveness of contact tracing of COVID-19 and the related social distancing is limited and inconclusive. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in South Korea and evaluate whether a social distancing campaign is effective in mitigating the spread of COVID-19. METHODS We used contract tracing data to investigate the epidemic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in South Korea and evaluate whether a social distancing campaign was effective in mitigating the spread of COVID-19. We calculated the mortality rate for COVID-19 by infection type (cluster vs noncluster) and tested whether new confirmed COVID-19 trends changed after a social distancing campaign. RESULTS There were 2537 patients with confirmed COVID-19 who completed the epidemiologic survey: 1305 (51.4%) cluster cases and 1232 (48.6%) noncluster cases. The mortality rate was significantly higher in cluster cases linked to medical facilities (11/143, 7.70% vs 5/1232, 0.41%; adjusted percentage difference 7.99%; 95% CI 5.83 to 10.14) and long-term care facilities (19/221, 8.60% vs 5/1232, 0.41%; adjusted percentage difference 7.56%; 95% CI 5.66 to 9.47) than in noncluster cases. The change in trends of newly confirmed COVID-19 cases before and after the social distancing campaign was significantly negative in the entire cohort (adjusted trend difference –2.28; 95% CI –3.88 to –0.68) and the cluster infection group (adjusted trend difference –0.96; 95% CI –1.83 to –0.09). CONCLUSIONS In a nationwide contact tracing study in South Korea, COVID-19 linked to medical and long-term care facilities significantly increased the risk of mortality compared to noncluster COVID-19. A social distancing campaign decreased the spread of COVID-19 in South Korea and differentially affected cluster infections of SARS-CoV-2.

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Epidemiological characteristics and factors influencing falls among elderly adults in long-term care facilities in Xiamen, China

Medicine ◽

10.1097/md.0000000000014375 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 98 (8) ◽

pp. e14375 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Liangwen Zhang ◽

Yanbing Zeng ◽

Chenziheng Weng ◽

Jiajin Yan ◽

Ya Fang

Keyword(s):

Long Term Care ◽

Elderly Adults ◽

Term Care ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Care Facilities ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

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Epidemiological characteristics of influenza-like illness outbreaks in long-term care facilities of the state of São Paulo, Brazil

Geriatrics Gerontology and Aging ◽

10.53886/gga.e0210040 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Pamella Cristina de Carvalho Lucas ◽

Yeda Aparecida de Oliveira Duarte ◽

Eliana Tiemi Masuda ◽

Camila Martins Trevisan ◽

Raquel Gardini Sanches Palasio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Older People ◽

Long Term Care ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

The State ◽

Term Care ◽

Influenza Like Illness ◽

Care Facilities ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

Long-term care facilities for older adults present a high risk of outbreaks since they concentrate often more frail and vulnerable individuals. OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological characteristics of influenza-like illness outbreaks and cases among older people in long-term care facilities in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. METODS: The analysis was performed through an exploratory and descriptive approach, with records from the outbreak module of the National System of Notifiable Diseases between January 2020 and June 2021. RESULTS: Outbreaks of influenza-like illness in this department represented 24.93% of all notifications. The highest concentration was seen in the state capital and metropolitan area. A total of 1 018 confirmed outbreaks were observed, involving 6 110 cases and 1 240 deaths among older people. Of these cases, 71.67% were confirmed for coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), 12.77% for the influenza virus, and 15.56% for other respiratory viruses. The percentages regarding death outcomes were similar, with a 20.29% lethality of influenza-like illness. Within the studied group, the older adults were the most affected. A statistical difference was observed between cases and deaths. CONCLUSIONS: Owing to the current scenario and the known vulnerabilities of these facilities, there is an urgent need for joint and articulated action by various administrative levels in order to minimize the devastating effects of influenza-like illness outbreaks (especially of COVID- 19) in older adults at long-term care homes. The strengthening of information systems and their interoperability are considered of utmost importance in order to improve the quality of information on outbreaks, which is essential during a pandemic.

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Nationwide Results of COVID-19 Contact Tracing in South Korea: Individual Participant Data From an Epidemiological Survey

JMIR Medical Informatics ◽

10.2196/20992 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. e20992 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Seung Won Lee ◽

Woon Tak Yuh ◽

Jee Myung Yang ◽

Yoon-Sik Cho ◽

In Kyung Yoo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

South Korea ◽

Long Term Care ◽

Contact Tracing ◽

Term Care ◽

Social Distancing ◽

Percentage Difference ◽

Care Facilities ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

Background Evidence regarding the effectiveness of contact tracing of COVID-19 and the related social distancing is limited and inconclusive. Objective This study aims to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in South Korea and evaluate whether a social distancing campaign is effective in mitigating the spread of COVID-19. Methods We used contract tracing data to investigate the epidemic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in South Korea and evaluate whether a social distancing campaign was effective in mitigating the spread of COVID-19. We calculated the mortality rate for COVID-19 by infection type (cluster vs noncluster) and tested whether new confirmed COVID-19 trends changed after a social distancing campaign. Results There were 2537 patients with confirmed COVID-19 who completed the epidemiologic survey: 1305 (51.4%) cluster cases and 1232 (48.6%) noncluster cases. The mortality rate was significantly higher in cluster cases linked to medical facilities (11/143, 7.70% vs 5/1232, 0.41%; adjusted percentage difference 7.99%; 95% CI 5.83 to 10.14) and long-term care facilities (19/221, 8.60% vs 5/1232, 0.41%; adjusted percentage difference 7.56%; 95% CI 5.66 to 9.47) than in noncluster cases. The change in trends of newly confirmed COVID-19 cases before and after the social distancing campaign was significantly negative in the entire cohort (adjusted trend difference –2.28; 95% CI –3.88 to –0.68) and the cluster infection group (adjusted trend difference –0.96; 95% CI –1.83 to –0.09). Conclusions In a nationwide contact tracing study in South Korea, COVID-19 linked to medical and long-term care facilities significantly increased the risk of mortality compared to noncluster COVID-19. A social distancing campaign decreased the spread of COVID-19 in South Korea and differentially affected cluster infections of SARS-CoV-2.

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Falls and Fall-Related Consequences among Older People Living in Long-Term Care Facilities in a Megacity of China

Gerontology ◽

10.1159/000510469 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 66 (6) ◽

pp. 523-531

Author(s):

Yu Jiang ◽

Qinghua Xia ◽

Peng Zhou ◽

Shuo Jiang ◽

Vinod K. Diwan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fall Prevention ◽

Long Term Care ◽

Term Care ◽

Risk Levels ◽

Individualized Care ◽

Injurious Falls ◽

Care Facilities ◽

Prevention Programmes ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

Introduction: Falls are currently the top safety problem in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) in China. Due to the increasing number of residents living in LTCFs, more evidence is needed to give a foundation for fall prevention. Objective: This study aimed to explore the epidemiological characteristics of falls in LTCFs in central Shanghai. Methods: The study was conducted in 21 LTCFs in a central district in Shanghai, with a capacity of 3,065 residents. A two-stage sampling method was applied in participant recruitment. Falls were recorded by LTCF staff over a 12-month period. Details of falls were obtained by face-to-face interviews. The χ2 test was used in data analyses. Results: The incidence of falls was 13.5%; 64.0% falls resulted in injuries, with 32.0% involving fractures. Women had a significantly higher incidence of injurious falls than men (χ2 = 4.066, p = 0.044). Residents aged 80–89 years or in level 1 care had the highest incidence of falls with severe consequences. The incidence of falls was significantly higher at small- or medium-sized LTCFs, public LTCFs, and LTCFs with higher environmental risk levels compared to their counterparts. Most falls occurred when walking on a flat floor (28.9%) and rising up or sitting down (24.0%); 40.9% occurred during the night. Of those injured, 54.8% were treated in hospitals, and only 53.7% completely recovered. Conclusions: Though the average incidence of falls in LTCFs in Shanghai was relatively low, great variation was observed between LTCFs, and severe consequences occurred frequently. Fall prevention programmes should be evidence-based with applicable devices and individualized care services and supports. The roles of personal and institutional factors on falls warrant further study.

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