The first report of the main vector of visceral leishmaniasis in America, Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva) (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae), in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

AbstractA new species of the genus Diomedenema, a spiruromorph nematode, collected from the lung of Spheniscus magellanicus (Sphenisciformes) found on the southern coast of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, is described. The new species is differentiated from the only previously described species of the genus, D. diomedeae Johston & Mawson, 1952, by males possessing a set of caudal papillae with three pairs of precloacal, two pairs of adcloacal and one pair of postcloacal papillae; precloacal papillae with the papillae of the first two pairs being closer to each other than those of the third pair; a longer and pointed tail in males; and females with the vulva at mid-body. This is the first report of a nematode infecting the lung of a sphenisciforme host.

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First Report of Pestalotiopsis clavispora Causing Leaf Spot of Carya illinoensis in Brazil

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-07-12-0615-pdn ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 96 (12) ◽

pp. 1826-1826 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. Lazarotto ◽

M. F. B. Muniz ◽

T. Poletto ◽

C. B. Dutra ◽

E. Blume ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Spot ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Morphological Characterization ◽

The State ◽

Morphological Identification ◽

Pathogenicity Test ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Carya Illinoensis ◽

Potato Dextrose Agar Medium ◽

First Report

Conspicuous leaf spots in combination with fruit spots were observed for the first time in April and May 2010 on a 30-ha pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] orchard in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Initially, tiny grey spots were observed on leaves and, over time, the spots expanded to become gray to light brown circles surrounded by a dark brown border, followed by leaves falling. Eventually, fruits were also attacked, with typical symptoms beginning with tiny water soaked spots which then became necrotic. The disease was also observed in pecan nursery and field seedlings. Isolation of the pathogen from symptomatic leaves and morphological identification by conidia characters (number of cells, color, hyaline terminal cells, number of appendages) revealed Pestalotiopsis sp. (2) as the causal agent of the disease. Conidia constituted of transverse septa with four dark intermediate sections and two hyaline terminal sections. One of the terminal sections presented two or three apical appendages. Conidia averaged 6.88 μm wide × 31.00 μm long, not considering the apical appendages. Primers ITS 1 and ITS 4 were used to amplify the internal transcribes spacer ITS 1-5.8S-ITS 2 region. Nucleotide sequences were 99% similar to Pestalotiopsis clavispora (G.F. Atk.) Steyaert. Conidia produced on potato dextrose agar medium were used to inoculate 8 plants with a spore suspension of 2.0 × 106 conidia/ml. Eight additional plants were used as control (non-inoculated). The inoculation was performed by spraying the suspension onto the leaves of Pecan seedlings and the plants were incubated for 72 h in a humid chamber (1). All inoculated plants showed symptoms 25 days after inoculation and the fungus was reisolated. The pathogenicity test was repeated once. Ten more isolates collected from four different cities in the same state were identified as Pestalotiopsis spp. by morphological characterization and pathogenicity was confirmed. Because this disease causes losses on production of nuts indirectly by reducing photosynthetically active area when the pathogen attacks leaves and directly when attacking fruits, it may restrict the production where the pathogen occurs. On some orchards in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, the attack rate reached 80% of the plants. P. clavispora has been reported causing stem end-rot of avocado in Chile (3), but this note constitutes the first report, to our knowledge, of P. clavispora causing leaf spot on C. illinoensis in Brazil. References: (1) A. C. Alfenas and F. A. Ferreira. Page 117 in: Métodos em Fitopatologia. A. C Alfenas and R. G. Mafia (eds.). Editora: UFV, Viçosa, 2007. (2) S. S. N. Maharachchikumbura et al. Fungal Diversity 50:167, 2011. (3) A. L. Valencia et al. Plant Dis. 95:492, 2011.

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Seroepidemiology of Leishmania infantum in dogs in the city of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n6p4077 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (6) ◽

pp. 4077 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mariana Caetano Teixeira ◽

Neusa Saltiel Stobbe ◽

Verônica Schmidt ◽

Valéria Marçal Felix de Lima ◽

Ana Luisa Tartarotti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

Leishmania Infantum ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Rio Grande ◽

The State ◽

Canine Leishmaniasis ◽

Insect Vector ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Porto Alegre ◽

The City

Leishmaniosis are zoonoses that present several clinical manifestations in humans and have dogs as their main reservoir in the urban environment. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is the most severe form of the parasitosis and has been increasing in Brazil, despite the actions of public health agencies. Until 2002, the State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) was considered free of human and canine leishmaniasis. The first human case of cutaneous leishmaniasis in RS was recorded in 2003. In 2009, the first autochthonous cases of human VL and canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) were confirmed in São Borja, RS, and the occurrence of the insect vector was recorded for the first time in the state. In 2010, the first confirmed case of CVL was reported and seropositive dogs were identified in the city of Porto Alegre, RS. Given the importance of this zoonosis and the difficulties of a reliable diagnosis in dogs, this study aimed to identify epidemiological aspects of CVL in dogs in an area of Porto Alegre where cases of the disease have been reported. A total of 300 blood samples were collected from dogs in this area, which were then tested by the methods of RT-DPP® and ELISA for diagnosis of Leishmania infantum. An epidemiological questionnaire was completed by dog owners, containing aspects related to care of the animals, characteristics of their environment, and their living conditions. We observed that 83% (250/300) of the studied dogs were of mixed breed, 58% (175/300) were female, 78% (238/300) slept outdoors, and 61% (183/300) shared their living quarters with other species. Clinically, we observed that 90% (270/300) of the animals were infested by ectoparasites, 70% (210/300) had dermatopathies, 24% (72/300) presented weight loss and anorexia, and 22% (65/300) had ocular disorders. The results of the two serological tests were 100% concordant for the three seropositive samples (1%), and the remaining 297 (99%) were negative for both tests. We conclude that despite the low prevalence of L. infantum seropositive dogs, conditions in the region are favorable for CVL transmission, creating a risk of VL for the human population in the city of Porto Alegre.

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Cotylogaster basiri Siddiqi & Cable, 1960 (Aspidobothrea: Aspidogastridae) in Pogonias cromis (Linnaeus, 1766) (Perciformes: Sciaenidae): first report from Brazil

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/1519-6984.10015 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 77 (1) ◽

pp. 79-82

Author(s):

M. Gallas ◽

E. F. Silveira ◽

E. Périco

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Coastal Zone ◽

Marine Fish ◽

Definitive Host ◽

Rio Grande ◽

The State ◽

Helminth Fauna ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

First Report ◽

Brazilian Populations

Abstract Up until now, there have been few studies of the helminth fauna of Brazilian populations of Pogonias cromis. In North America, P. cromis is known to be a definitive host of Cotylogaster basiri, although there have been no reports of any species of Cotylogaster infecting fish in Brazil. During necropsies of marine fish obtained from professional fisherman in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, specimens of C. basiri were found in the intestine and rectum of P. cromis. In comparison with previous studies, differences were found in relation to the number of lobes in the buccal disc and the development of the biocellate larvae in the eggs of C. basiri. This is the first report of C. basiri in P. cromis from Brazil, contributing to the understanding of the helminth fauna of this fish from the coastal zone of Brazil.

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First Report of Biomphalaria glabrata in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz ◽

10.1590/s0074-02761998000100008 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 93 (1) ◽

pp. 39-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Omar dos Santos Carvalho ◽

Izabel Michelin Nunes ◽

Roberta Lima Caldeira

Keyword(s):

Rio Grande ◽

Biomphalaria Glabrata ◽

The State ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

First Report

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First report of Temnocephala rochensis (Platyhelminthes: Temnocephalida) from Pomacea canaliculata (Mollusca: Ampullariidae) outside Uruguay: description update based on specimens from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Zoologia (Curitiba) ◽

10.1590/s1984-46702010000500019 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 27 (5) ◽

pp. 820-828 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Samantha A. Seixas ◽

José F. R. Amato ◽

Suzana B. Amato

Keyword(s):

Rio Grande ◽

The State ◽

Pomacea Canaliculata ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

First Report

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Leishmaniose visceral humana: um retrato da situação de casos em idosos e longevos

Scientia Medica ◽

10.15448/1980-6108.2020.1.34225 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 34225

Author(s):

Ibrahim Clós Mahmud ◽

Carla Viero Kowalski ◽

Paulo Renato Petersen Behar ◽

Claus Dieter Stobäus

Keyword(s):

Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Rio Grande ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

The State ◽

Favorable Effect ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Strong Relation

Aims: to analyze the current Brazilian and of the state of Rio Grande do Sul epidemiological situation of visceral leishmaniasis (LVH) in the elderly and verifythe mortality coefficient.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with a secondary data source, taken from SINAN data from January 2013 to December 2017, with confirmed visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil and Rio Grande do Sul, which are tabulated in Excel and analyzed with Epiinfo 7.Results: cases of LVH in the elderly have increased in the last 5 years, within the Brazilian and the state of Rio Grande do Sul settings. Although not widely reported, it is frequent to compromise and increase the proportion of elderly people who die from LVH, which was 20,3% of the cases in the period from 2013 to 2017, demonstrating the seriousness of the infection in this public. In our study we also found a strong relation between age and the increase in the lethality coefficient, reaching 46.87% in 2016.Discussion: One of the recent strategies in the fight against HVL is the slaughter of dogs that contains the parasite responsible for the transmission of the disease, but this method of control has not been very effective. Thus, the immunoprophylactic measurement by Leish-Tec® vaccine has a favorable effect in the fight against the disease only in animals that are not in high transmission areas.

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First report of Nematomystes scapteromi (Ganzorig, Oku, Okamoto, Malgor & Kamiya, 1999) Jiménez-Ruiz & Gardner, 2003 (Nematoda, Aspidoderidae) in Scapteromys tumidus Waterhouse, 1837 (Rodentia, Sigmodontinae) from southern Brazil

Check List ◽

10.15560/11.2.1607 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 1607

Author(s):

Leandro Ramos Duarte ◽

Moisés Gallas ◽

Eliane Fraga da Silveira ◽

Eduardo Périco

Keyword(s):

Rio Grande ◽

The State ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Intensity Of Infection ◽

Morphometric Traits ◽

Mean Intensity ◽

First Report ◽

The Mean

Prior to the present study, Nematomystes scapteromi (Ganzorig, Oku, Okamoto, Malgor & Kamiya, 1999) Jiménez-Ruiz & Gardner, 2003 had been reported in Scapteromys tumidus Waterhouse, 1837 from Uruguay. Here, eight specimens of S. tumidus were collected in southern Brazil and necropsied. The nematodes encountered were determined as N. scapteromi through their morphometric traits. Prevalence was 87.5% and the mean intensity of infection of 18.3 helminths/host. This is the first report of N. scapteromi parasitizing S. tumidus in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

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Nasal mites of Tyrannidae (Aves) in Brazil

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/1519-6984.12912 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 74 (2) ◽

pp. 480-482 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

MM. Mendes ◽

CS. Mascarenhas ◽

AL. Sinkoc ◽

G. Müller

Keyword(s):

Geographic Distribution ◽

Rio Grande ◽

First Record ◽

The State ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

First Report ◽

First Occurrence

A total of 81 Tyraniidae birds were examined, 80 Pitangus sulphuratus (Linnaeus, 1766) (Great kiscadee), and one Machetornis rixosa (Vieilot, 1819) (Cattle tyrant), for collection of nasal mites, which were identified as Ptilonyssus spinosus (Brooks & Strandtmann, 1960) and Sternostoma longisetosae (Hyland, 1961) (Rhinonyssidae). This finding characterises the first report of P. spinosus and S. longisetosae in P. sulphuratus, and the first record of P. spinosus in M. rixosa, and expands the geographic distribution of these species. It is the first occurrence of S. longisetosae in the Neotropics, and the first citation of P. spinosus in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

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First report of Pterinotrematoides mexicanum Caballero & Bravo-Hollis, 1955 (Monogenea, Macrovalvitrematidae) in Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest, 1823) (Perciformes, Sciaenidae) from the coastal zone of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Check List ◽

10.15560/11.2.1568 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 1568

Author(s):

Moisés Gallas ◽

Eliane Fraga Da Silveira ◽

Eduardo Périco

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Coastal Zone ◽

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Rio Grande ◽

First Record ◽

The State ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

First Report ◽

Micropogonias Furnieri

: In South America, Pterinotrematoides mexicanum Caballero & Bravo-Hollis, 1955 has been reported in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and in Argentina parasitizing Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest, 1823). In this paper, the first record of P. mexicanum in the same host from the coastal zone of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil is presented, filling a gap of occurrence of P. mexicanum. The morphology of P. mexicanum is redescribed and compared with that of Neopterinotrematoides avaginata Suriano, 1975.

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