scholarly journals Physical properties and particle-size fractions of soil organic matter in crop-livestock integration

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 1299-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Tirloni ◽  
Antonio Carlos Tadeu Vitorino ◽  
Anderson Cristian Bergamin ◽  
Luiz Carlos Ferreira de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Crop-livestock integration represents an interesting alternative of soil management, especially in regions where the maintenance of cover crops in no-tillage systems is difficult. The objective of this study was to evaluate soil physical and chemical properties, based on the hypothesis that a well-managed crop-livestock integration system improves the soil quality and stabilizes the system. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design, with five replications. The treatments were arranged in a 6 x 4 factorial design, to assess five crop rotation systems in crop-livestock integration, and native forest as reference of soil undisturbed by agriculture, in four layers (0.0-0.05; 0.05-0.10; 0.10-0.15 and 0.15-0.20 m). The crop rotation systems in crop-livestock integration promoted changes in soil physical and chemical properties and the effects of the different systems were mainly detected in the surface layer. The crops in integrated crop-livestock systems allowed the maintenance of soil carbon at levels equal to those of the native forest, proving the efficiency of these systems in terms of soil conservation. The systems influenced the environmental stability positively; the soil quality indicator mineral-associated organic matter was best related to aggregate stability.

Dynamics of physical and chemical properties of soil after agricultural abandonment in a karst region in Southwest China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Wang ◽  
Zhigang Wang ◽  
Jiale Wang ◽  
Jianming Li ◽  
Bei Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Rocky Desertification ◽  
Rock Outcrops ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Properties Of Soil ◽  
And Chemical Properties

<p>Rocky desertification induced by severe deforestation has caused the water loss and soil erosion in karst regions in southeast China, limiting local social and economic developments. To prevent further rocky desertification, the farmland which had obtained by deforestation were abandoned for recovery. As soil quality improved by agriculture abandonment should be examined, it is necessary to investigate the dynamics of physical and chemical properties of soil in different ages after abandonment. In this study, 38 investigation sites were selected for soil sampling on the slopes in Longtan trough valley in Youyang County, Chongqing Municipality, China. The dominant plant species of the investigation sites were also noted during soil sampling. The sites were divided into seven age classes according to their abandonment time. Dynamics of water content, bulk density, pH, and concentration of available potassium, available phosphorus, available nitrogen, total nitrogen and organic matters were examined. It suggests that soil quality might be deteriorated right after abandonment and then improved from around 20 years after abandonment. Deterioration of soil quality may be induced by lack of plant coverage and exposure of rock outcrops which may accelerate water loss and swelling and shrinkage cycles of soil. After the formation of plant communities and litter layer above the ground, soil quality was then apparently improved. These findings can provide a potential guideline for recovery management in karst regions in southwest of China.</p>

scholarly journals Degradation Characteristics of Soil-Quality-Related Physical and Chemical Properties Affected by Collapsing Gully: The Case of Subtropical Hilly Region, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuyue Feng ◽  
Hui Wen ◽  
Shimin Ni ◽  
Junguang Wang ◽  
Chongfa Cai
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Gully Erosion ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Hilly Region ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Collapsing Gully ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In the subtropical hilly areas of China, a collapsing gully, a particular type of permanent gully, poses a great threat to the productivity and sustainability of the local ecological and agricultural systems. However, few studies have been performed regarding the effects of collapsing gully erosion on soil degradation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of collapsing gully erosion on soil-quality-related physical and chemical properties. The collapsing gullies that were severely affected by erosion processes were considered at three stages (initial, active and stable stages) and corresponding soil samples were collected to analyze the spatial variation of the soil physical and chemical quality at each stage. The changes in the properties were assumed to be considerable in the regions affected by the erosion process compared with those unaffected by this process. Soil physical properties were more susceptible than soil nutrients to collapsing gully erosion in different spatial locations. The soil quality index (SQI) system consists of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), pH, capillary porosity (CP), sand content (SA), soil cohesion (SC) and root density (RD). Collapsing gully erosion was found to affect the soil physical and chemical properties by progressively reducing the SQI. The mean SQI value was the lowest in the active stage of the collapsing gully, with a higher soil degradation. For the different spatial positions in the collapsing gullies, the scour channel showed the lowest SQI value. The limiting indicators varied in the different stages or spatial sites in the collapsing gullies.

Composting winery wastes with clinoptilolite. Suitability for land application.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chronis Kolovos ◽  
Maria Doula ◽  
Stamatios Kavasilis ◽  
Georgios Zagklis ◽  
Gerasimos Tsitselis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Winery Waste ◽  
And Chemical Properties

<p>Soil application of raw winery wastes is a procedure of doubtful appropriateness, mainly because of waste properties, i.e. very acidic pH; high electrical conductivity; and high content of polyphenols. The disposal of winery waste on soils may cause various environmental and health hazards as for example soil overloading with polyphenols and salts, phytotoxicity to plants, odor nuisance etc. Pathogens, which may still be present in the decomposed material could spread plants and soil diseases, while waste piles attract insects, pests, domestic rodents and wildlife which may threaten public and animal health. Despite these facts, many wine producers discharge winery waste to the nearby agricultural or forest ecosystems, without treatment although this type of agricultural waste could be a significant source of organic matter and nutrients.</p><p> </p><p>In general, degradation of winery waste is a slow procedure which becomes even slower under the xerothermic climatic conditions in Greece, which may slow down the microbially mediated decomposition of organic matter and nutrients cycling; degradation of winery waste piles takes more than 5 years to be completed naturally. However, the final products are of doubtful appropriateness for fertilization use, mainly because of low quality organic matter and low nutrients content (lost mainly due to the exposure of piles to uncontrolled environmental conditions for years).</p><p> </p><p>This study aims to highlight the advantages of composting winery wastes by using also other agricultural wastes and additives as feedstock to produce a safe and environment friendly compost, appropriate for application to agricultural ecosystems. For this a 41 hectares vineyard in North Greece of about 400 tn grapes yield annually and generation of approximately 100 tn of waste was selected. Winery waste was collected after harvesting and wine-making period of 2018 and composted with cow manure, wheat straw and clinoptilolite up to 5%.</p><p> </p><p>Composting phase lasted 5 months, and during this period the pile was monitored as regard temperature, moisture and oxygen content. After composting completion, the final product was fully characterized in terms of its physical and chemical properties, considering national legislation organic materials reuse on soils. The outcomes of this study show a great potential for managing such waste types by composting using clinoptilolite in the feedstock materials since the final product has suitable physical and chemical properties for many crops, i.e. slight alkaline pH, low electrical conductivity, low polyphenol content and high content of available nutrient, therefore can be used as soil amendment or organic fertilizer.</p>

Control of soil development on the Tanana River floodplain, interior Alaska

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 941-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Van Cleve ◽  
C.T. Dyrness ◽  
G.M. Marion ◽  
R. Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Vegetation Development ◽  
River Floodplain ◽  
Soil Particle Size ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Alluvial soils on the Tanana River floodplain near Fairbanks, Alaska, were examined for development of physical and chemical properties in relation to soil depth and across a 200-year vegetation development sequence. Development was mediated by ecosystem controls including successional time, vegetation, terrace height, soil physical and chemical properties, and microclimate. These controls interact and are conditioned by the state factors time, flora, topography, parent material, and climate, respectively. On early-successional (<5 years) lower alluvial surfaces, terrace height above groundwater, soil particle size, and microclimate (through soil surface evaporation) interacted through capillary rise to produce salt-affected surface soil. Calcium salts of carbonate and sulfate were the principal chemicals encountered in these soils. Establishment of a vegetation cover between 5 and 10 years introduced evapotranspiration as a new mechanism, along with capillarity, to control moisture suction gradients. In addition, newly formed surface litter layers further helped eliminate evaporation and formation of high salt content surface soil. Continued sedimentation raised terrace elevation, so on older terraces only infrequent flood events influenced soil development. Moreover, in these successional stages, only the highest river stages raised groundwater levels, so transpiration and capillarity influenced water movement to tree root systems. During the first 25–30 years of succession, plant deposition of organic matter and nitrogen, associated with the growth of alder, markedly changed soil properties. Nearly 60% (or 240 g•m−2) of the 400 g•m−2 nitrogen encountered at 100 years was accumulated during this early period. After 100 years of vegetation development, soil carbonate content dropped to about half the peak values of about 1600 g•m−2 encountered between 4 and 25 years. By the time white spruce was the dominant forest type at 180 years, carbonate carbon declined to about 500 g•m−2, one-third that of the 1600 g•m−2 high. By this time surface soil pH declined from high values of 7.5 to between 5.5 and 6.0. Organic carbon continued to accumulate to about 6300 g•m−2 in the white spruce stage, twice that encountered in the alder–poplar stage at 25 years. Indices of moisture retention were most strongly related to either soil particle size (low moisture tension and available moisture range) or vegetation-mediated soil organic matter content (high moisture tension). Cation exchange capacity was most strongly related to a vegetation-mediated index of organic matter (OM) content (%N, %C, or %OM).

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT AND MAPPING OF DESERTIFICATION USING SOIL QUALITY INDICATORS FOR SOME PARTS OF IRAQ

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1290-1299
Author(s):  
Qadir & Azeez
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Quality Indicators ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Quality Maps ◽  
And Chemical Properties

This study was conducted to assess desertification for dry lands in some parts of Iraq. The study area located between longitudes 43025- 41" - 460 28- 01" E and latitudes 340 18- 35" - 360 20- 56" N with an area of 26500Km2which include some parts of the governorates of Sulaimani, Diyala, Kirkuk, and Erbil in Iraq.  Eighty nine surface soil samples were taken, air dried, sieved through a 2 mm sieve and then analyzed for some physical and chemical properties.   Desertification is assessed according to Mediterranean Desertification and Land Use model (MEDALUS). ArcGIS 10.2 was used to analyze and prepare the layers of soil quality maps. In turn the geometric mean of all six quality maps was used to generate a single desertification status map .In calculating the weight of the soil quality indicator SQI it seems that it was divided into two classes, firstly, class 2(moderate quality) with an area of 25147 km2, which occupied 95% of the study area and the rest is class3 (low quality) with an area of ​​1309 km 2 which equal to 5% of the total area.

scholarly journals PRODUÇÃO E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE BIOCARVÃO A PARTIR DE BIOSSÓLIDOS ARMAZENADOS EM BAG’s GEOTÊXTEIS NO MUNICÍPIO DE RANCHARIA -SP

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 142-155
Author(s):  
Beatriz Regina de Ângelo ◽  
Rafaela Pelegrini Vital ◽  
Marcelo Rodrigo Alves ◽  
Jaqueline Oliveira da Silva ◽  
Melissa Arantes Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Stable Material ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Sewage sludge refers to a nutrient-rich by-product and organic matter from treatment plants and has become a challenge for many research segments to find a rational and sustainable destination for this material. In this context, the carbonization of biomass (by the pyrolysis process) results in biochar, characterized by a very stable material with specific physical and chemical properties and can represent a very important tool for this challenge. Thus, the objective of the present work was to transform, bypyrolysis process, small portions of the biosolid generated in Rancharia ETE into biochar. In addition, both the biosolid and the generated bicarbons were subjected to physical, chemical and structural analyzes in order to proceed with their respective characterization. From the analysis, it was found that the treatment submitted to temperature of 550°C as the best option for possible applications.Keywords:biosolid; pyrolysis; biochar.

Research on the Evaluation of the Soil Quality in the Evolution of Ecological Slope-Protected Base Material

2012 ◽  
Vol 193-194 ◽  
pp. 274-278
Author(s):  
Yue Shu Yang ◽  
Wen Nian Xu ◽  
Zhen Yao Xia ◽  
Qi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Index System ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Evaluation Index System ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Quality Index ◽  
Concrete Base ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Two vegetation-growing concrete slopes completed are chosen as research objects and the Analytical Hierarchy Process method is adopted to establish the evaluation index system, aiming at quantifying the physical and chemical properties of the base material and analyzing the results contrastively. The study shows that the physical and chemical properties of vegetation-growing concrete base material keep improving with the growth of time to better adapt to the growth of vegetation. This evaluation results tally with the actual situation of the sample sites, which suggests that this base material soil quality index system has great practical value. The differences occurring in the evaluation value of two pieces of sample sites suggest that regional environment is the main factor to affect the quality of vegetation-growing concrete base material.

GENESE D’UN HORIZON PROFOND FAIBLEMENT CIMENTE DANS UN PODZOL SABLEUX DES BASSES TERRES DU QUEBEC

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. PAGE ◽  
M. ROMPRE ◽  
G. A. BOURBEAU ◽  
C. R. DE KIMPE
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Relative Content ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Iron Aluminum ◽  
Sandy Deposit ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Micromorphological Analysis ◽  
And Chemical Properties

An Orthic Humo-Ferric Podzol formed on a sandy deposit in the St. Lawrence lowlands exhibited a weakly cemented horizon at depth. Weathering of minerals was active mainly in the upper Ae horizon and released large amounts of iron, aluminum and silica. These elements migrated down the profile as organo-metallic complexes and accumulated as concretions in the podzolic B-horizons but also in the cemented horizon at depth. Micromorphological analysis showed that this latter horizon had a chlamydic/plectic assemblage. A comparison was made with other horizons found at depth in various profiles and differing from this one by their macro- and micromorphological, physical and chemical properties. The relative content of the various constituents of the cement was calculated. The sum of organic matter plus free sesquioxides ranged from 7 to 85%. There are apparent similarities in the formation of ortstein and duric horizons. The results serve to establish the concept of "ortstein-duric horizon-fragic horizon" intergrades in weakly cemented horizons found at depth in many Quebec soils.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document