Frequency of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella nigritus) from an ecological station in the State of São Paulo, Brazil

Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic zoonosis with worldwide distribution and different wild species either are involved in maintenance of the pathogen in the environment as definitive or intermediate hosts serving as font of feeding or prey to definitive hosts. The present study aimed to investigate Toxoplasma gondii antibodies and the risk factors relating to infection in mammals at Sorocaba Zoo, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Serum samples collected from 153 animals were analyzed using the modified agglutination test (MAT; cutoff ? 25). Seropositivity was found in 62 animals (40.5%; 95% CI: 33.1-48.5%), with different titers. Significant differences were observed in relation to the ages of the animals, origin, presence of free-ranging animals in the enclosure and feeding habits, through univariate analysis (p ? 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that only age (p = 0.03) had significance for the study. Adult animals were 3.5 more likely to become infected than were young ones. In relation to feeding habits, herbivores (80%) and carnivores (46.5%) were the animals most affected. These results highlight the presence of T. gondii in animals at Brazilian zoos, and suggest that continuous transmission is occurring at zoos.

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Toxoplasma gondii antibodies and related risk factors in mammals at Sorocaba zoo, São Paulo, BrazilToxoplasma gondii antibodies and related risk factors in mammals at Sorocaba zoo, São Paulo, Brazil

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n4suplp2845 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (4Supl1) ◽

pp. 2845 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Renata Bezerra Marujo ◽

Helio Langoni ◽

Leila Sabrina Ullmann ◽

Maysa Pellizzaro ◽

Ramiro Das Neves Dias Neto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Feeding Habits ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

São Paulo ◽

Intermediate Hosts ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Related Risk

Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic zoonosis with worldwide distribution and different wild species either are involved in maintenance of the pathogen in the environment as definitive or intermediate hosts serving as font of feeding or prey to definitive hosts. The present study aimed to investigate Toxoplasma gondii antibodies and the risk factors relating to infection in mammals at Sorocaba Zoo, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Serum samples collected from 153 animals were analyzed using the modified agglutination test (MAT; cutoff ? 25). Seropositivity was found in 62 animals (40.5%; 95% CI: 33.1-48.5%), with different titers. Significant differences were observed in relation to the ages of the animals, origin, presence of free-ranging animals in the enclosure and feeding habits, through univariate analysis (p ? 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that only age (p = 0.03) had significance for the study. Adult animals were 3.5 more likely to become infected than were young ones. In relation to feeding habits, herbivores (80%) and carnivores (46.5%) were the animals most affected. These results highlight the presence of T. gondii in animals at Brazilian zoos, and suggest that continuous transmission is occurring at zoos.

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Anti-Toxoplasma gondii and anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) from Itu Municipality, São Paulo

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612016002 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 116-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Juliana Aizawa Porto de Abreu ◽

Felipe da Silva Krawczak ◽

Fernanda Passos Nunes ◽

Marcelo Bahia Labruna ◽

Hilda Fátima de Jesus Pena

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Fluorescent Antibody ◽

Antibody Test ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

São Paulo ◽

Intermediate Hosts ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Hydrochoerus Hydrochaeris ◽

Park Area

Abstract Capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) are the largest rodents found in South America. The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii and anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in 170 free-living capybaras in a residential park area in Itu Municipality, São Paulo State, Brazil. Serum samples were tested by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) for T. gondii (IFAT ≥ 1:16) and N. caninum (IFAT ≥ 1:50). Among the 170 samples analyzed, 10% (17/170) and 0% (0/170) were seropositive for T. gondii and N. caninum, respectively. This study confirms the widespread presence of T. gondii and reinforces the role of capybaras in the life cycle of this parasite. Capybaras may not be important as intermediate hosts of N. caninum in the studied environment.

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Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in wild rodents and marsupials from the Atlantic Forest, state of São Paulo, Brazil

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612015045 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 379-382 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Solange Maria Gennari ◽

Maria Halina Ogrzewalska ◽

Herbert Sousa Soares ◽

Danilo Gonçalves Saraiva ◽

Adriano Pinter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Atlantic Forest ◽

Protozoan Parasite ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

São Paulo ◽

Wild Rodents ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Modified Agglutination Test ◽

Didelphis Aurita

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that infects a large spectrum of warm-blooded animals, including humans. Small rodents and marsupials play an important role in the epidemiology of T. gondii because they are sources of infection for domestic and feral cats. Serum samples from 151 rodents and 48 marsupials, captured in the Atlantic Forest, São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil, were analyzed for the presence of T. gondii antibodies. Antibodies detected by the modified agglutination test (MAT ≥ 25) were found in 8.6% (13/151) of the rodents and 10.4% (5/48) of the marsupials, with titers ranging from 25 to 6400 and from 25 to 3200, respectively for the rodents and marsupials. Three of the eight species of rodents (Akodon spp., Oligoryzomys nigripesand Rattus norvegicus), and one from the four marsupial species (Didelphis aurita) presented positive animals. T. gondii was described for the first time in the rodent Oligoryzomys nigripes.

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Anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in pregnant women and their newborn infants in the region of São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil

Sao Paulo Medical Journal ◽

10.1590/s1516-31802011000400010 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 129 (4) ◽

pp. 261-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Cinara de Cássia Brandão de Mattos ◽

Lígia Cosentino Junqueira Franco Spegiorin ◽

Cristina da Silva Meira ◽

Thaís da Costa Silva ◽

Ana Iara da Costa Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Newborn Infants ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Immunoglobulin M ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

São Paulo ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Igm Antibodies ◽

Igg Avidity

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Toxoplasmosis transmission during pregnancy can cause severe sequelae in fetuses and newborns. Maternal antibodies may be indicators of risk or immunity. The aim here was to evaluate seropositivity for anti-Toxoplasma gondii (anti-T. gondii) immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies and IgG avidity in pregnant women and their newborn infants. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study in a high-risk pregnancy outpatient clinic. METHODS: Serum samples from pregnant women (n = 87) and their respective newborns (n = 87) were evaluated for anti-T. gondii antibodies using indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) (IgM and IgG), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (IgG) and an avidity test. RESULTS: Anti-T. gondii antibodies were identified in 64.4% of the serum samples from the mothers and their infants (56/87). Except for two maternal serum samples (2.3%), all others were negative for anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies, using IIF. The results showed that 92.9% of the pregnant women had high IgG avidity indexes (> 30%) and four samples had avidity indexes between 16 and 30%. Two women in the third trimester of pregnancy were positive for anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies; their babies had avidity indexes between 16 and 30%. The avidity indexes of serum from the other 83 newborns were similar to the results from their mothers. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that 2% of the pregnant women were at risk of T. gondii transmission during the gestational period. These data seem to reflect the real situation of gestational toxoplasmosis in the northwestern region of the state of São Paulo.

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Serological survey and DNA screening of Leptospira spp. in free‐living adult tufted capuchin monkeys ( Cebus apella nigritus ) in a forest reserve Southeast São Paulo State, Brazil

Journal of Medical Primatology ◽

10.1111/jmp.12493 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Raul José Silva Girio ◽

Tatiana Morosini Andrade‐Cruvinel ◽

Silvio Arruda Vasconcellos ◽

Cláudia Sampaio Fonseca Repetti ◽

Milena Friolani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cebus Apella ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Capuchin Monkeys ◽

Serological Survey ◽

Free Living ◽

Forest Reserve ◽

Paulo State ◽

Tufted Capuchin Monkeys ◽

Leptospira Spp ◽

Living Adult

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Risk factors and presence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in dogs from the coast of São Paulo State, Brazil

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-736x2010000200011 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 161-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Rodrigo Costa da Silva ◽

Luiz Carlos de Souza ◽

Hélio Langoni ◽

Erika Maemi Tanaka ◽

Vanessa Yuri de Lima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

São Paulo ◽

Food Ingestion ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Paulo State ◽

Untreated Water ◽

São Paulo State

Toxoplasmosis is caused by the obligate intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii and affects warm-blooded vertebrates, including pets and man. Dogs are epidemio-logically important since they act as sentinels for the infection in humans. The present study aimed to determine the presence of antibodies to T. gondii in 205 serum samples from dogs in Ubatuba, Sao Paulo state, Brazil, through indirect immunofluorescence reaction (IFAT), as well as the risk factors related to toxoplasmosis in the animals such as breed, age, sex, access to outdoors, homemade food ingestion, access to untreated water, and contact with rodents. Toxoplasmosis-positive samples accounted for 52/205 (25.4%), with titers ranging from 16 to 256. The serological results presented significant association (P<0.05) with homemade food ingestion (45/118; 38.1%; CI95% 29.9%-47.2%) (OR=7.0; CI95% 3.0-16.6), and with access to outdoors where those that do not have access to the street were prevalent (37/121; 30.6%; CI95% 23.1%-39.3%) (OR=0.5; CI95% 0.2-1.0). These results show that toxoplasmosis in this region is related to problems of sanitary education, mainly concerning the appropriate cooking of foods, since most positive animals did not show significant association with the presence of rodents or untreated water consumption but showed, instead association with ingestion of homemade food. Thus, toxoplasmosis is a public health problem in the studied region, and sanitary measures are needed to control the infection due to the strict relationship between man and dog and the presented risk factors

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Prevalence of Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in Different Wild Bird Species Admitted to Rehabilitation Centres in Portugal

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10091144 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1144

Author(s):

Carolina Lopes ◽

Ricardo Brandão ◽

Ana Filipa Lopes ◽

Roberto Sargo ◽

María Casero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Bird Species ◽

Wild Birds ◽

Intermediate Hosts ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Mainland Portugal ◽

Modified Agglutination Test ◽

Larus Fuscus ◽

Turtle Dove ◽

The One

Toxoplasma gondii is a worldwide zoonotic parasite. According to the “One Health” approach, studies on toxoplasmosis are essential since it affects humans and domestic and wild animals. In the present study, antibodies to T. gondii were determined in serum samples from 263 wild birds located in five wildlife rehabilitation centres in mainland Portugal by using the modified agglutination test (MAT) with a cut-off titre of 20. An overall seroprevalence of 36.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 30.7–42.6) was observed. For the first time, antibodies to T. gondii were detected in some avian species, including pallid swift (Apus pallidus) (33.3%), black-backed gull (Larus fuscus) (39.3%), European turtle-dove (Streptopelia turtur) (100%), bee-eater (Merops apiaster) (50.0%), carrion crow (Corvus corone) (33.3%), and Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus) (100%), which expands the list of intermediate hosts of T. gondii. A lower seroprevalence was found in juvenile birds (31.9%) compared to adults (48.7%) (p = 0.016). The central region of Portugal was considered a risk factor for T. gondii infection in wild birds (odds ratio: 3.61; 95% CI: 1.09–11.91). This pioneer study calls attention to the need for further studies, to provide a clearer understanding of T. gondii epidemiology in Portugal, because it reflects wide dispersion of T. gondii oocysts in the environment.

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