scholarly journals ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF Cirsium arvense EXTRACTS AGAINST PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS Macrophomina phaseolina

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. BANARAS ◽  
A. JAVAID ◽  
A. SHOAIB ◽  
E. AHMED
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Acid Methyl

ABSTRACT Leaves, stems, roots and inflorescence of the asteraceous weed Circium arvense were extracted in methanol for two weeks. Methanol was evaporated in a rotary evaporator. Different concentrations (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5%) of methanolic extracts were prepared, and their antifungal activities were studied against Macrophomina phaseolina, using malt extract broth as growth medium. In general, extracts of all plant parts showed antifungal activities to variable extents. The highest antifungal activity occurred due to methanolic extract of leaves, followed by stem and root extracts, resulting in 10-74%, 6-57% and 11-39% reduction in fungal biomass over control, respectively. Inflorescence extract showed the least antifungal activity, resulting in 2-30% reduction in fungal biomass over control. There was a linear and inverse relationship between extract concentrations and fungal biomass for extracts of all the four parts. GC-MS analysis showed that there were 10 compounds in most effective methanolic leaf extract. Among these, 10-octadecanoic acid, methyl ester (26.442%), 2H-1-benzopyran, 6,7-dimethoxy-2-2-dimethyl (20.195%), hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (15.752%) and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, methyl ester (12.628%) were predominant compounds in the extract that may be responsible for antifungal activity. This study concludes that methanolic leaf extracts of C. arvense can be used for the management of M. phaseolina.

scholarly journals Bioassays Guided Fractionation of Ageratum conyzoides Extract for the Identification of Natural Antifungal Compounds against Macrophomina phaseolina

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (04) ◽  
pp. 761-767
Author(s):  
Saira Banaras
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Antifungal Potential ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
Different Parts

Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. is a soil-borne fungal pathogen causing diseases in more than 500 plant species. The present study aimed to identify possible antifungal constituents in different parts of billygoat-weed (Ageratum conyzoides L.) through bioassays guided fractionation for the control of M. phaseolina. Extracts of different parts of the weed were made in methanol and antifungal bioassays were conducted using 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% concentrations of the extract. Stem extract caused the highest inhibition in fungal biomass (20–83%) followed by leaf extract (16–67%). Methanolic stem extract was partitioned using four organic solvents namely n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. Bioassays carried out with different concentrations (3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg mL-1) of the sub-fractions of stem extract revealed the highest antifungal potential of chloroform sub-fraction with 56–93% reduction in the fungal biomass followed by n-butanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane sub-fractions causing 24–76%, 7–75% and 5–70% reduction in fungal biomass over control, respectively. Chloroform sub-fraction with the highest antifungal potential was analyzed by GC-MS. Out of 10 compounds identified in this sub-fraction, 2H-1-benzopyran, 7-dimethoxy-2,2-dimethyl- (27.58%) was the most abundant followed by hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (18.85%); 11-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester (15.28%) and 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester (10.88%), which could be responsible for antifungal activity. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

Evaluation of the Impact of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) Contamination on the Thermal Stability of Jet A

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jr Morris ◽  
Shardo Robert W. ◽  
Higgins James ◽  
Cook Kim ◽  
Tanner Rhonda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Optical Absorption Enhancement in Polymer BHJ thin Film Using Ag Nanostructures: A Simulation Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-567
Author(s):  
Asma Khalil ◽  
Zubair Ahmad ◽  
Farid Touati ◽  
Mohamed Masmoudi
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Organic Solar Cell ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Butyric Acid Methyl Ester

Background: The photo-absorption and light trapping through the different layers of the organic solar cell structures are a growing concern now-a-days as it affects dramatically the overall efficiency of the cells. In fact, selecting the right material combination is a key factor in increasing the efficiency in the layers. In addition to good absorption properties, insertion of nanostructures has been proved in recent researches to affect significantly the light trapping inside the organic solar cell. All these factors are determined to expand the absorption spectrum and tailor it to a wider spectrum. Objective: The purpose of this investigation is to explore the consequence of the incorporation of the Ag nanostructures, with different sizes and structures, on the photo absorption of the organic BHJ thin films. Methods: Through a three-dimensional Maxwell solver software, Lumerical FDTD, a simulation and comparison of the optical absorption of the three famous organic materials blends poly(3- hexylthiophene): phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM), poly[N-9″-heptadecanyl-2,7- carbazole-alt-5,5-(4′,7′-di-2-thienyl-2′,1′,3′-benzothiadiazole)]: phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PCDTBT:PCBM) and poly[2,6-(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b′]dithiophene)-alt- 4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)]: phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PCDPDTBT:PCBM) has been conducted. Furthermore, FDTD simulation study of the incorporation of nanoparticles structures with different sizes, in different locations and concentrations through a bulk heterojunction organic solar cell structure has also been performed. Results: It has been demonstrated that embedding nanostructures in different locations of the cell, specifically in the active layer and the hole transporting layer had a considerable effect of widening the absorption spectrum and increasing the short circuit current. The effect of incorporation the nanostructures in the active layer has been proved to be greater than in the HTL. Furthermore, the comparison results showed that, PCDTBT:PCBM is no more advantageous over P3HT:PCBM and PCPDTBT:PCBM, and P3HT:PCBM took the lead and showed better performance in terms of absorption spectrum and short circuit current value. Conclusion: This work revealed the significant effect of size, location and concentration of the Ag nanostructures while incorporated in the organic solar cell. In fact, embedding nanostructures in the solar cell widen the absorption spectrum and increases the short circuit current, this result has been proven to be significant only when the nanostructures are inserted in the active layer following specific dimensions and structures.

scholarly journals Evaluation of 3-Methylbutanoic Acid Methyl Ester as a Factor Influencing Flavor Cleanness in Arabica Specialty Coffee

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5413
Author(s):  
Keiko Iwasa ◽  
Harumichi Seta ◽  
Yoshihide Matsuo ◽  
Koichi Nakahara
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Coffee Brew ◽  
Coffee Beans ◽  
Specialty Coffee

This paper reports on the chemical compounds in arabica coffee beans with a high Specialty Coffee Association (SCA) cupping score, especially those in specialty coffee beans. We investigated the relationship between the chemical compounds and cupping scores by considering 16 types of Coffea arabica (arabica coffee) beans from Guatemala (SCA cupping score of 76.5–89.0 points). Non-targeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based chemometric profiling indicated that specialty beans with a high cupping score contained considerable amounts of methyl-esterified compounds (MECs), including 3-methylbutanoic acid methyl ester (3-MBM), and other fatty acid methyl esters. The effect of MECs on flavor quality was verified by spiking the coffee brew with 3-MBM, which was the top-ranked component, as obtained through a regression model associated with cupping scores. Notably, 3-MBM was responsible for the fresh-fruity aroma and cleanness of the coffee brew. Although cleanness is a significant factor for specialty beans, the identification of compounds that contribute to cleanness has not been reported in previous research. The chemometric profiling approach coupled with spiking test validation will improve the identification and characterization of 3-MBM commonly found in arabica specialty beans. Therefore, 3-MBM, either alone or together with MECs, can be used as a marker in coffee production.

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