scholarly journals Acephate and methamidophos residues in greenhouse and in field grown tomatoes

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Roberto P. Trevizan ◽  
Gilberto C. de Baptista ◽  
Geraldo Papa
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Flame Photometric Detector ◽  
Protected Cultivation ◽  
Maximum Residue Levels ◽  
Residue Levels

Increasing horticultural production under protected cultivation requires more detailed studies about the occurence of pesticide residues, due to the special and peculiar environment under controlled conditions, in which some pests, that are of little concern in the field, become important. The insecticide acephate and its methamidophos metabolite residues were evaluated in greenhouse-grown tomatoes and compared to an open-field tomato crop. The treatments: (a) check; (b) one application of 75 g a.i. acephate.100 L-1 water; (c) one application of 150 g a.i.100 L-1 water; (d) four applications of 75 g a.i.100 L-1 water were evaluated. Fruit, leaf and soil samples were taken at (-1), zero, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 days after the last or only application. The quantitative determinations were done by gas chromatography, using flame-photometric detector. The acephate and methamidophos residues in fruits harvested in the greenhouse and in the field were always below their respective maximum residue levels (MRL) during the whole sampling period. The metabolism of acephate into methamidophos was very low in fruits, especially important in leaves, but not well characterized in soil. Acephate residues were higher in the greenhouse than in the field, especially in leaves and soil, showing stability and persistence up to the 7-day-sampling after application.

scholarly journals Pesticide residues analysis in farm gate vegetables of agricultural areas in Tumakuru district, Karnataka, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1437-1444
Author(s):  
B. S. Shylesha ◽  
Mahesh. M. ◽  
V. N. Yoganandamurthy
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Detection Level ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
Maximum Residue Levels ◽  
Residue Levels ◽  
Toxicity Level ◽  
Agricultural Areas

The main purpose of this experiment was to understand pesticide residues persistence and their toxicity level in vegetables. In the present study pesticide residues in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and capsicum (Capsium annuum L.) vegetables cultivated in Tumakuru, Gubbi, Kunigal and Pavagada taluks in Tumkur district were analysed. In methodology, samples of 1 kg each were collected, cut into small pieces, macerated in a grinder and used for the analysis. Pesticides were quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results showed tomato samples of Pavagada recorded acephate (0.346 mg/kg), dichlorvos (0.189 mg/kg), fenvalerate (0.057 mg/kg) and Tumakuru samples recorded phorate (0.072 mg/kg) residues higher than MRLs (Maximum residue levels). Chlorpyrifos, cyhalothrin-g and cypermethrin were below detection level (BDL) in all the samples. Cyfluthrin-β recorded highest in Kunigal samples (0.294 mg/kg), Tumakuru and Gubbi samples showed BDL. Deltamethrin was highest in Pavagada (0.296 mg/kg) samples and Tumakuru and Kunigal samples revealed BDL. Pavagada samples (0.026 mg/kg) showed monocrotophos residues higher than MRLs. In capsicum samples, acephate residue was highest in Tumakuru samples (0.333 mg/kg), highest chlorpyrifos (0.153 mg/kg) in Kunigal samples, deltamethrin (0.381 mg/kg), fenvalerate (0.168 mg/kg) and phorate (0.089 mg/kg) residues were higher than MRLs in Pavagada samples. Cyfluthrin-β (0.045 mg/kg) was high in Tumakuru and dichlorvos (0.042 mg/kg) high in Pavagada samples. Cyhalothrin-g, cypermethrin and monocrotophos were BDL in all the samples. An attempt has been made to assess the different pesticides usage and their adverse impacts on vegetables, which are backbone to afford assistance for an extensive array of investigators.  

Pesticide Residues in Food: Attitudes, Beliefs, and Misconceptions among Conventional and Organic Consumers

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (12) ◽  
pp. 2083-2089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Severine Koch ◽  
Astrid Epp ◽  
Mark Lohmann ◽  
Gaby-Fleur Böl
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Bodily Fluids ◽  
Legal Limits ◽  
Maximum Residue Levels ◽  
Food Quality And Safety ◽  
Residue Levels

ABSTRACT Pesticide use and pesticide residues in foods have been the subject of controversial public discussions and media coverage in Germany. Against this background, a better understanding of public risk perceptions is needed to promote efficient public health communication. To this end, this study captures the German public's perception of pesticide residues in foods. A representative sample of the population aged 14 years and older (n = 1,004) was surveyed via computer-assisted telephone interviewing on their attitudes and knowledge with regard to pesticide residues. Based on questions regarding their typical consumer behavior, respondents were classified into conventional and organic consumers to identify differences as well as similarities between these two consumer types. As assessed with an open-ended question, both organic and conventional consumers viewed pesticides, chemicals, and toxins as the greatest threats to food quality and safety. Evaluating the risks and benefits of pesticide use, more than two-thirds of organic consumers (70%) rated the risks as greater than the benefits, compared with just over one-half of conventional consumers (53%). Concern about the detection of pesticide residues in the food chain and bodily fluids was significantly higher among organic compared with conventional consumers. Only a minority of respondents was aware that legal limits for pesticide residues (referred to as maximum residue levels) exist, with 69% of organic and 61% of conventional consumers believing that the presence of pesticide residues in foods is generally not permitted. A lack of awareness of maximum residue levels was associated with heightened levels of concern about pesticide residues. Finally, general exposure to media reporting on pesticide residues was associated with more frequent knowledge of legal limits for pesticide residues, whereas actively seeking information on pesticide residues was not. The possible mechanisms underlying these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Pesticide residues in cow’s milk

Mljekarstvo ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-174
Author(s):  
Milivoje Ćosić ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Large Series ◽  
The Other ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Commission Regulation ◽  
Maximum Residue Levels ◽  
Residue Levels ◽  
Quality Of Milk

Quality of milk plays a key role in its wide consumption but also of its involvement in a large series of derived products, such as yogurt, cheese, butter, and ice cream. An effective LC-MS/MS method has been validated for the determination of 81 different pesticide residues in milk samples. The analyses comprised 44 milk samples collected during 2019. From all inspected pesticides, only metalaxyl (present in 11.36 % samples), bifenthrin and metolachlor (9.09 %), dimethoate (4.55 %), prochloraz and thiacloprid were detected in 2.27 % of analysed samples. The detections of trifloxystrobin and bifenthrin were above the maximum residue levels (MRLs). The Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1135 standardizes the MRLs for dimethoate and omethoate in certain products, but a MRL for dimethoate residues in milk has not been established jet. All the other pesticide detections were below the MRLs.

scholarly journals MONITORING OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN FLUID AND POWDERED MILK BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH FLAME PHOTOMETRIC DETECTOR

Química Nova ◽  
2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Helena Pinto Bastos ◽  
Adherlene Vieira Gouvêa ◽  
Nina Daddário Ortiz ◽  
Maria Helena W. Morelli Cardoso ◽  
Silvana do Couto Jacob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticide ◽  
Powdered Milk ◽  
Flame Photometric Detector ◽  
Photometric Detector

scholarly journals Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer Electron Ionization (GC-MS -EI)method for the Analysis of MalathionResidue in Tomato

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Dr. AbdallaA Elbashir ◽  
Hassan Elobid Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Electron Ionization ◽  
Gas Chromatograph ◽  
Florisil Column ◽  
Maximum Residue Levels ◽  
Ionization Mode ◽  
Residue Levels

In this a study tomato sampleswere collected from Khartoum, extracted with acetone, dichloromethane and petroleum ether (1:1:1) and cleaned up by florisil column. Malathion quantitative determination is carried out by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometerusing the optimum ionization mode electron ionization (EI). The detection ofmalathionis confirmed by retention time and comparison of primary and secondary ions.Recovery studies   were performed at two spikes (0.5,0.25mg kg-1) fortification levels of malathion and the recovery obtained ranged from 81% to 97%. The method showed good linearity(R²> 0.995) over the range assayed (from 0.05 to 7.0mg L-1) and the calculated limits of detection (LOD) and quantification(LOQ) were0.03 mg kg-1and 0.11 mg kg-1, respectively. These limits  werelower than the maximum residue levels(MRL) established by European legislations (0.5mg kg-1).

scholarly journals Quantitative analysis of fresh tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) for trace of pesticide residues from markets in Peshawar, Pakistan, using High Performance Thin Liquid Chromatography technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 708-714
Author(s):  
Syeda Kokab Shah ◽  
Syeda Faryal Israr ◽  
Asif Khan Khatak ◽  
Abeer Kazmi ◽  
Amir Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Efficient Approach ◽  
Maximum Residue Levels ◽  
Residue Levels

Background: Vegetables and fruits are vital constituents of human diet, as it provides necessary minerals and nutrients to human body to carry out biological reactions and provide protection against various diseases and injuries. Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) is consider as cash crop in Asian countries and are fine source of vitamin C, potassium, folate, vitamin K, and other bioactive compounds including, phenolics, flavonoids, carotenoids, and alkaloids. Similar to other crops, tomato quality and yield is also affected by pests. Globally, approximately 37.8% of tomato yield is spoiled due to pests. To maintain the vegetable quality and attain more yield, pest management approaches are applied, though extensive use of toxic pesticides are becoming a part of our food chain and causing adverse effects. Methodology: The present research is intended to evaluate the levels of toxic pesticides in different tomato varieties collected from four vegetable markets (Hayatabad Phase 1, Chargano Chowk, Kohat Road and Tarnab farm) in Peshawar, Pakistan. After collection of tomato samples, level of pesticide residues (Cyhalothrin, Cypermethrin, Chlorpyrifos, Bifenthrin, and Imidacloprid) were detected using high performance thin liquid Chromatography (HPTLC). Results: After detection, level of pesticides in sample was compared with Maximum residue levels (MRLs). The magnitude of pesticides in samples was lesser to the Maximum residue levels (MRLs) provided by United State Drug Agency (USDA), though the quantity of Lambda Cyhalothrin present in the sample was almost equal to MRL (0.097 mg/kg). Conclusion: HPTLC is an efficient approach to detect pesticide traces in fruits and vegetables. Research work should be focused on it, to identify and control farmer practices which are highly linked to pesticide contamination in tomatoes and use of biopesticides should be encouraged. The cultivation of transgenic tomatoes can also be an efficient approach to elude the utilization of toxic pesticides.

scholarly journals Long term cultivation effects on nitrogen dynamics in polyhouse and open field vegetable growing soils of North-Western Himalayas

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1719-1723
Author(s):  
Miss Shabnam ◽  
◽  
S.K. Sharma ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Western Himalayas ◽  
Dominant Form ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Protected Cultivation

Aim: The present study was undertaken to assess the differences in the transformations of native nutrients between protected and open field conditions, affecting their availability to plants. Methodology: The geo-referenced soil samples were collected from farmers' field growing vegetables under polyhouse and adjacent open fields for last 5 to 6 years. Collected soil samples were analysed for organic and inorganic pools of nitrogen. Means of the different land use types were compared by using Tukey HSD Procedure.? Results: Hydrolysable NH4-N was found as second most dominant form of nitrogen after amino acid-N, both under conventional and protected cultivation. In general, an increase was observed in hydrolysable NH4-N both under protected and conventional cultivation with respect to their fallow plots Interpretation: Various fractions of nitrogen were found to be affected by the management practices and consequently status of nitrogen fractions was observed higher under polyhouse soil. Soil nutrient release under protected environment as compared to open field is necessary to observe the changes and adverse effect with ages of intensive cultivation under protected conditions.

scholarly journals Validation of the multiresidual GC-MS method for determining plant protection product residues in strawberries

2018 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 377
Author(s):  
Helena BAŠA ČESNIK
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Interlaboratory Comparison ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Product ◽  
Maximum Residue Levels ◽  
Validation Procedure ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
Residue Levels ◽  
Active Substances

Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used for the introduction and validation of the multiresidual method for determining of plant protection product residues in strawberries. During the validation procedure, limits of quantification were set and the method was checked for its recovery, linearity, repeatability, reproducibility and measurement uncertainty. An interlaboratory comparison was also performed to check the accuracy of the method. The method was proven to be fit for purpose. Afterwards 19 strawberry samples were analysed for the presence of plant protection product residues using the validated method. In the strawberries 5 active substances, all fungicides, were found: chlorothalonil, cyprodinil, fludioxonil, metalaxyl+metalaxyl-M and pyrimethanil. Residues of these active substances were in range 0.01 – 0.44 mg/kg. No cases exceeding the maximum residue levels were measured.

scholarly journals The efficiency of various household processing for removing chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin in Chinese kale and Pakchoi

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Phannika Tongjai ◽  
Surat Hongsibsong ◽  
Ratana Sapbamrer
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Flame Photometric Detector ◽  
Soda Water ◽  
Chinese Kale ◽  
Normal Water ◽  
Thai People ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Chlorpyrifos Residue ◽  
Household Processing

The vegetables, Chinese kale and Pakchoi, which are popular among the Thai people, are found to have problems with residues of pesticide. The pesticide residues in both Kale and Pakchoi were chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin. This research was to study the efficiency of pesticide residue reduction in Chinese kale and Pakchoi samples by using various household wash processing. The process included washing with normal water, 0.10% NaCl, baking soda, water flowing, and blanching. Pesticide residues were extracted from Chinese kale and Pakchoi to determine the amount of chlorpyriphos and cypermethrin residue by using analytical tools such as Gas Chromatography— Flame Photometric Detector (FPD) and Gas Chromatography—Electron Capture Detector (ECD). The results showed that the household processes for reducing the chlorpyrifos residue in Chinese kale and Pakchoi were the following: residues were reduced by 52.70–65.41%, 58.33–62.14%, 59.46–80.52%, and 46.04–62.85% when washed with normal water, 0.10% NaCl, baking soda, and water flowing through, respectively. Similarly, the household processes for reducing cypermethrin residue in Chinese kale and Pakchoi were the following: residues were reduced by 51.13–66.29%, 33.75–45.65%, 38.14–63.64%, and 44.88–61.63% when washed with normal water, 10% NaCl, baking soda, and water flowing through, respectively. Also, blanching reduced the chlorpyrifos residue by 37.96–50.44% and the cypermethrin residue by 47.86–52.42%. Therefore, while washing vegetables by soaking and dissolving substances, baking soda is the most effective when used for washing for at least 15 min to reduce the residue of pesticides. The consumers should be provided vegetables that are cleaned and have had a proper washing for removing pesticide residues and toxic residues.

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