scholarly journals Temporal variation of Nitella furcata subsp. mucronata var. mucronata f. oligospira (Charophyceae) in the Ninféias pond, São Paulo State, southeast Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norma Catarina Bueno ◽  
Carlos Eduardo de Mattos Bicudo
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Rainy Period ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Southeast Brazil

Temporal and spatial variation of Nitella furcata (Roxburgh ex Bruzelius) C. Agardh emend. R.D. Wood subsp. mucronata (A. Braun) R.D. Wood var. mucronata f. oligospira (A. Braun) R.D. Wood were studied at the Ninféias pond (23°38'18.9"S, 46°37'16.3"W), a tropical, shallow, mesotrophic reservoir located in the Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga Biological Reserve, Municipality of São Paulo, southeast Brazil. Water samples were collected monthly from October/1996 to October/1997 for turbidity, electric conductivity, pH, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, biomass, and algal phenology analysis. Spatial distribution pattern of algal biomass showed that all four sampling stations were similar among themselves during the whole study period. Regarding the temporal variation, greatest algal total biomass values (98.35-266.06 g.m-2) were measured during the rainy period whereas the smallest ones (48.86-170.56 g.m-2) were detected during the dry period. Algal population density peaked at all four sampling stations from October/1996 to April/1997 (rainy period) when the greatest values of air and water temperature, precipitation, solar radiation, turbidity, total nitrogen, and ammonium were measured allowing favorable conditions for the algal growth. Period from May/1997 (late fall) to October/1997 (early spring) was favorable to the development of reproductive structures (nucules and globules) with consequent decrease of algal biomass and population density, clearly suggesting the greatest energy allocation towards the development of sexual reproductive structures. This fact was confirmed by the canonic correspondence analysis that indicated strong correlation between nucules length and width, number of nucules per plant, and oospores length and width with the low values of pH and high ones of dissolved inorganic matter detected during the dry period. Consequently, environmental factors such as increasing of water temperature and nutrients availability at the Ninféias pond acted decisively towards growth and accumulation of algal biomass.

scholarly journals Prevalence and etiology of buffalo mastitis and milk somatic cell count in dry and rainy seasons in a buffalo herd from Analândia, São Paulo State, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1703-1710 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.J.L. Pizauro ◽  
D.G. Silva ◽  
A.M. Santana ◽  
V. Clemente ◽  
G.H.B. Lara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Rainy Period ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
São Paulo State ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

The aim of this study was to evaluate somatic cell count (SCC), prevalence and etiology of mastitis in a dairy buffalo herd from Analândia, São Paulo State, Brazil, in the dry and rainy seasons. Additionally, antimicrobial susceptibility profile of microorganisms isolated from milk samples was also evaluated. 1,042 milk samples from female Murrah buffaloes in a dairy farm located in Analândia, São Paulo State, Brazil, collected between May 2011 and November 2012 were analyzed. After the mammary gland physical examination, strip cup test and California Mastitis Test (CMT) were performed. Afterwards, 50mL of milk samples from each mammary quarter were collected aseptically for SCC in automatic equipment and microbiological examination. The antimicrobial sensitivity profile to ampicillin, cefoperazone, ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, neomycin, oxacillin, penicillin, and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim was evaluated by disk diffusion method. The monthly average temperature and pluviometric index were obtained from "Centro Integrado de Informações Agrometeorológicas" (CIIAGRO) of "Instituto Agronômico de Campinas" (IAC). Milk samples with positive results in the microbiological test showed average SCC of 137,720 cells/mL in the dry period and 190,309 cells/mL in the rainy period. Although a higher number of isolated microorganisms was observed in buffalo milk samples during the rainy period (69/600) compared to the dry period (50/442), the season had no significant effect on the frequency of isolation of microorganisms. The main genera of microorganisms isolated were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (38.4%), Streptococcus agalactiae(28.8%), and Bacillus spp. (7.56%) during the dry season and Corynebacterium sp. (23.5%), Streptococcus spp. (32.3%), and Streptococcus agalactiae (9.24%) during the rainy period. Multidrug resistance was observed in 30.1% of the isolated microorganisms.

Temporal variation of ethanol in rainwater from the sugar cane belt of São Paulo State (Brazil)

2019 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 116926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda F. Giubbina ◽  
Caroline Scaramboni ◽  
Bruno S. De Martinis ◽  
Daniely Godoy-Silva ◽  
Igrayne N.P.D. Mello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
São Paulo State

Zircon fission track and U–Pb dating methods applied to São Paulo and Taubaté Basins located in the southeast Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 172-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A.C. Curvo ◽  
C.A. Tello S. ◽  
A. Carter ◽  
A.N.C. Dias ◽  
C.J. Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fission Track ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Southeast Brazil ◽  
Zircon Fission Track ◽  
Dating Methods

Spatial patterns of soil attributes and components in a mangrove system in Southeast Brazil (São Paulo)

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 995-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Osório Ferreira ◽  
Xosé L. Otero ◽  
Valdomiro S. de Souza Junior ◽  
Pablo Vidal-Torrado ◽  
Felipe Macías ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Soil Attributes ◽  
Southeast Brazil ◽  
Mangrove System

scholarly journals Genomic Surveillance of Yellow Fever Virus Epizootic in São Paulo, Brazil, 2016 – 2018

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Hill ◽  
R. P. de Souza ◽  
J. Thézé ◽  
I. Claro ◽  
R. S. Aguiar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Yellow Fever Virus ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Southeast Brazil ◽  
São Paulo State ◽  
Substantial Heterogeneity

AbstractSão Paulo (SP), a densely inhabited state in southeast Brazil that contains the fourth most populated city in the world, recently experienced its largest yellow fever virus (YFV) outbreak in decades. YFV does not normally circulate extensively in SP, so most people were unvaccinated when the outbreak began. Surveillance in non-human primates (NHPs) is important for determining the magnitude and geographic extent of an epizootic, thereby helping to evaluate the risk of YFV spillover to humans. Data from infected NHPs can give more accurate insights into YFV spread than when using data from human cases alone. To contextualise human cases, identify epizootic foci and uncover the rate and direction of YFV spread in SP, we generated and analysed virus genomic data and epizootic case data from NHP in SP. We report the occurrence of three spatiotemporally distinct phases of the outbreak in SP prior to February 2018. We generated 51 new virus genomes from YFV positive cases identified in 23 different municipalities in SP, mostly sampled from non-human primates between October 2016 and January 2018. Although we observe substantial heterogeneity in lineage dispersal velocities between phylogenetic branches, continuous phylogeographic analyses of generated YFV genomes suggest that YFV lineages spread in São Paulo state at a mean rate of approximately 1km per day during all phases of the outbreak. Viral lineages from the first epizootic phase in northern São Paulo subsequently dispersed towards the south of the state to cause the second and third epizootic phases there. This alters our understanding of how YFV was introduced into the densely populated south of SP state. Our results shed light on the sylvatic transmission of yellow fever in highly fragmented forested regions in SP state and highlight the importance of continued surveillance of zoonotic pathogens in sentinel species.Author’s SummarySince July 2016, the southeast region of Brazil has experienced the largest yellow fever virus (YFV) outbreak in decades. São Paulo is the most densely populated state in southeast Brazil. The outbreak has caused serious public health concern in the state, as YFV does not normally circulate widely there and most of the 21 million inhabitants were correspondingly unvaccinated against YFV when the outbreak began. In Brazil, YFV typically circulates among non-human primates, and human cases represent isolated spillover events from this predominantly sylvatic cycle. Understanding the epidemiological dynamics and spread of YFV in non-human primates is therefore critical for contextualising human cases, and guiding vaccination strategies that can better protect local human populations. Here, we aim to contextualise human cases, identify epizootic foci and uncover the rate and direction of YFV spread in SP. We analyse the geographic and temporal distribution of observed cases of YFV in non-human primates in São Paulo state, and identify three distinct phases of the epizootic. We generate sequence data from 51 YFV-positive cases and perform phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses aimed at understanding the spatial spread of YFV in São Paulo state. Analyses of these data indicate that YFV spread from the north of São Paulo state into more densely populated southern regions. Although we observe substantial heterogeneity in the rate at which different sampled YFV lineages spread, the typical rate of spread was low with a mean rate of ~1 km per day. This is consistent with a scenario in which the majority of transmission events occurred between non-human primates and sylvatic vectors across forested patches.Article Summary LineGenomic surveillance of yellow fever in São Paulo during the 2016-2018 epizootic

scholarly journals Investigating spatiotemporal patterns of the Covid-19 in São Paulo State, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enner Alcântara ◽  
José Mantovani ◽  
Luiz Rotta ◽  
Edward Park ◽  
Thanan Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Hospital Beds ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Clustering Patterns ◽  
Local Transmission

As of 16 May 2020, the number of confirmed cases and deaths in Brazil due to Covid-19 hit 233,142 and 15,633, respectively, making the country one of the most affected by the pandemic. The State of São Paulo (SSP) hosts the largest number of confirmed cases in Brazil, with over 60,000 cases to date. Here we investigate the spatial distribution and spreading patterns of Covid-19 in the SSP by mapping the spatial autocorrelation and the clustering patterns of the virus in relation to the population density and the number of hospital beds. Clustering analysis indicated that São Paulo City is a significant hotspot for both the confirmed cases and deaths, whereas other cities across the state were less affected. Bivariate Moran’s I showed a low relationship between the number of deaths and population density, whereas the number of hospital beds was less related, implying that the fatality depends substantially on the actual patients’ conditions. Multivariate Local Geary showed a positive relationship between the number of deaths and population density, with two cities near São Paulo City being negatively related; the relationship between the number of deaths and hospital beds availability in the São Paulo Metropolitan Area was basically positive. Social isolation measures throughout the State of São Paulo have been gradually increasing since early March, an action that helped to slow down the emergence of the new confirmed cases, highlighting the importance of the safe-distancing measures in mitigating the local transmission within and between cities in the state.

scholarly journals From sambaquis (shell mounds) to plastic debris: a summary of the geological imprint of human occupation in the coast of São Paulo (Southeast Brazil)

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alynne Almeida Affonso ◽  
Michel Michaelovitch De Mahiques ◽  
Paulo Alves de Lima Ferreira ◽  
Diana Melo Italiani ◽  
Cristina Celia Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Plastic Debris ◽  
Southeast Brazil ◽  
Shell Mounds
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