scholarly journals Molecular typing of Clostridium perfringens isolated from swine in slaughterhouses from São Paulo State, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1450-1456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Sebastiana Porfida Ferreira ◽  
Andrea Micke Moreno ◽  
Renata Rodrigues de Almeida ◽  
Cleise Ribeiro Gomes ◽  
Debora Dirani Sena de Gobbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Positive Bacterium ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Fecal Isolate ◽  
Finishing Pig ◽  
Type C ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Clostridium perfringens is an anaerobic Gram-positive bacterium known as common pathogen for humans, for domestic and wildlife animals. Although infections caused by C. perfringens type C and A in swine are well studied, just a few reports describe the genetic relationship among strains in the epidemiological chain of swine clostridioses, as well as the presence of the microorganism in the slaughterhouses. The aim of the present study was to isolate C. perfringens from feces and carcasses from swine slaughterhouses, characterize the strains in relation to the presence of enterotoxin, alpha, beta, epsilon, iota and beta-2 toxins genes, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and comparing strains by means of Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Clostridium perfringens isolation frequencies in carcasses and finishing pig intestines were of 58.8% in both types of samples. According to the polymerase chain reaction assay, only alfa toxin was detected, being all isolates also negative to enterotoxin and beta2 toxin. Through PFGE technique, the strains were characterized in 35 pulsotypes. In only one pulsotype, the isolate from carcass sample was grouped with fecal isolate of the same animal, suggesting that the risk of cross-contamination was low. Despite the high prevalence of C. perfringens in swine carcasses from the slaughterhouses assessed, the risk of food poisoning to Brazilian pork consumers is low, since all strains were negative to cpe-gene, codifying enterotoxin.

Detection of Enterotoxigenic Clostridium perfringens in Raw Beef by Polymerase Chain Reaction

1995 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUIS A. BAEZ ◽  
VIJAY K. JUNEJA
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Oligonucleotide Primer ◽  
Enterotoxin Gene ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Labeled Probe

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure was developed for direct detection of Clostridium perfringens strains with potential for food poisoning in raw beef samples. An oligonucleotide primer pair was used to amplify a 364 base pair sequence internal to the C. perfringens enterotoxin gene. One milliliter portions of the meat homogenates were inoculated into cooked meat medium (CMM) or reduced Fluid Thioglycollate (FTG) medium and incubated at 37°C. Portions sampled at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24 h of enrichment were assayed for detection of the enterotoxin sequence by PCR. Amplification of the 364 bp sequence could be detected in 6 h by agarose gel electrophoresis and as early as 2 h by hybridization to a 150 bp digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled probe. To increase the sensitivity of the detection assay a commercial chromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction assay was compared with a nested PCR approach. Both methods allowed detection of less than 1 log10 colony forming units (CFU)/g of C. perfringens strains harboring the enterotoxin gene, with no interference with the background microflora present in the raw ground beef.

scholarly journals EXPRESS: Clinical performance of the Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 combined in an algorithm with two specific anti-IgG immunoassays for the evaluation of the serological response of patients with COVID-19 in a population with a high prevalence of infection

2021 ◽  
pp. 000456322110380
Author(s):  
Xavier Gabaldó-Barrios ◽  
Simona Iftimie ◽  
Anna Hernández-Aguilera ◽  
Isabel Pujol ◽  
Frederic Ballester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Test ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Automated Assay ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies have been used in the study of the immune response in infected patients. However, differences in sensitivity and specificity have been reported, depending on the method of analysis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of an algorithm in which a high-throughput automated assay for total antibodies was used for screening and two semi-automated IgG-specific methods were used to confirm the results, and also to correlate the analytical results with the clinical data and the time elapsed since infection. Methods: We studied 306 patients, some hospitalized and some outpatients, belonging to a population with a high prevalence of COVID-19. One-hundred and ten patients were classified as SARS-CoV-2 negative and 196 as positive by polymerase chain reaction. Results: The algorithm and automated assay alone had a specificity and a positive predictive value of 100%, although the sensitivity and negative predictive value of the algorithm was higher. Both methods showed a good sensitivity from day 11 of the onset of symptoms in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients. The absorbance of the total antibodies was significantly higher in severely symptomatic than in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients, which suggests the antibody level was higher. We found 15 patients that did not present seroconversion at 12 days from the onset of symptoms or the first polymerase chain reaction test. Conclusion: This study highlights the proper functioning of algorithms in the diagnosis of the immune response to COVID-19, which can help to define testing strategies against this disease.

Prevalence of the Enterotoxin Gene and Clonality of Clostridium perfringens Strains Associated with Food-Poisoning Outbreaks

1998 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. RIDELL ◽  
J. BJÖRKROTH ◽  
H. EISGRŰBER ◽  
B. SCHALCH ◽  
A. STOLLE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Enterotoxin Gene ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens Enterotoxin ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The prevalence of the enterotoxin gene in a well-characterized collection of 71 Clostridium perfringens strains from 36 separate food-poisoning cases or outbreaks was analyzed with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The clonality of 39 strains originating from 14 outbreaks where at least two isolates were available was studied with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) using SmaI and ApaI restriction endonucleases. The cpe gene PCR assay was found to correlate well with Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) production in vitro with reverse passive latex agglutination. Of the C. perfringens food and clinical food-poisoning isolates 24 (86%) and 38 (88%) were cpe-positive, respectively. Different PFGE patterns indicated that multiple cpe-positive clones are frequently present within one outbreak. The existence of cpe-positive and negative isolates with identical or nearly identical PFGE patterns in a single outbreak suggests that the cpe gene may be in a movable genetic element.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Adhesion and Regulation of Biofilm-Related Genes in Different Clones ofStaphylococcus aureus

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salman Sahab Atshan ◽  
Mariana Nor Shamsudin ◽  
Zamberi Sekawi ◽  
Leslie Than Thian Lung ◽  
Rukman Awang Hamat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Microtiter Plate Assay ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Clinical information about genotypically different clones of biofilm-producingStaphylococcus aureusis largely unknown. We examined whether different clones of methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MSSA and MRSA) differ with respect to staphylococcal microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs) in biofilm formation. The study used 60 different types ofspaand determined the phenotypes, the prevalence of the 13 MSCRAMM, and biofilm genes for each clone. The current investigation was carried out using a modified Congo red agar (MCRA), a microtiter plate assay (MPA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Clones belonging to the samespatype were found to have similar properties in adheringto thepolystyrene microtiter plate surface. However, their ability to produce slime on MCRA medium was different. PCR experiments showed that 60 clones of MSSA and MRSA were positive for 5 genes (out of 9 MSCRAMM genes).icaADBCgenes were found to be present in all the 60 clones tested indicating a high prevalence, and these genes were equally distributed among the clones associated with MSSA and those with MRSA. The prevalence of other MSCRAMM genes among MSSA and MRSA clones was found to be variable. MRSA and MSSA gene expression (MSCRAMM andicaADBC) was confirmed by RT-PCR.

scholarly journals Effect of Screening for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Carriage by Polymerase Chain Reaction on the Duration of Unnecessary Preemptive Contact Isolation

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1077-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilker Uçkay ◽  
Hugo Sax ◽  
Anne Iten ◽  
Véronique Camus ◽  
Gesuele Renzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Hospital Readmission ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Contact Isolation ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Chromogenic Agar ◽  
Polymerase Chain

A high prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage at hospital readmission among previous MRSA carriers warrants screening and preemptive isolation precautions. The replacement of culture on chromogenic agar with rapid quantitative polymerase chain reaction for readmission screening reduces the number of unnecessary preemptive isolation-days by 54% (from 6.88 to 3.14 isolation-days) and related costs by 45% (from US$113.2 to US$62.1) for patients who test negative for MRSA.

scholarly journals Identification of Enterotoxin-Producing Clostridium perfringens by the Polymerase Chain Reaction

1993 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 724-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki KATO ◽  
Shin-Moo KIM ◽  
Haru KATO ◽  
Kaori TANAKA ◽  
Kunitomo WATANABE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain
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