High prevalence of Plamodium malariae infections in a Brazilian Amazon endemic area (Apiacás—Mato Grosso State) as detected by polymerase chain reaction

Acta Tropica ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kézia K.G. Scopel ◽  
Cor J.F. Fontes ◽  
Álvaro C. Nunes ◽  
M.Fátima Horta ◽  
Érika M. Braga
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Polymerase Chain

scholarly journals EXPRESS: Clinical performance of the Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 combined in an algorithm with two specific anti-IgG immunoassays for the evaluation of the serological response of patients with COVID-19 in a population with a high prevalence of infection

2021 ◽  
pp. 000456322110380
Author(s):  
Xavier Gabaldó-Barrios ◽  
Simona Iftimie ◽  
Anna Hernández-Aguilera ◽  
Isabel Pujol ◽  
Frederic Ballester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Test ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Automated Assay ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies have been used in the study of the immune response in infected patients. However, differences in sensitivity and specificity have been reported, depending on the method of analysis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of an algorithm in which a high-throughput automated assay for total antibodies was used for screening and two semi-automated IgG-specific methods were used to confirm the results, and also to correlate the analytical results with the clinical data and the time elapsed since infection. Methods: We studied 306 patients, some hospitalized and some outpatients, belonging to a population with a high prevalence of COVID-19. One-hundred and ten patients were classified as SARS-CoV-2 negative and 196 as positive by polymerase chain reaction. Results: The algorithm and automated assay alone had a specificity and a positive predictive value of 100%, although the sensitivity and negative predictive value of the algorithm was higher. Both methods showed a good sensitivity from day 11 of the onset of symptoms in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients. The absorbance of the total antibodies was significantly higher in severely symptomatic than in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients, which suggests the antibody level was higher. We found 15 patients that did not present seroconversion at 12 days from the onset of symptoms or the first polymerase chain reaction test. Conclusion: This study highlights the proper functioning of algorithms in the diagnosis of the immune response to COVID-19, which can help to define testing strategies against this disease.

scholarly journals Molecular typing of Clostridium perfringens isolated from swine in slaughterhouses from São Paulo State, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1450-1456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Sebastiana Porfida Ferreira ◽  
Andrea Micke Moreno ◽  
Renata Rodrigues de Almeida ◽  
Cleise Ribeiro Gomes ◽  
Debora Dirani Sena de Gobbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Positive Bacterium ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Fecal Isolate ◽  
Finishing Pig ◽  
Type C ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Clostridium perfringens is an anaerobic Gram-positive bacterium known as common pathogen for humans, for domestic and wildlife animals. Although infections caused by C. perfringens type C and A in swine are well studied, just a few reports describe the genetic relationship among strains in the epidemiological chain of swine clostridioses, as well as the presence of the microorganism in the slaughterhouses. The aim of the present study was to isolate C. perfringens from feces and carcasses from swine slaughterhouses, characterize the strains in relation to the presence of enterotoxin, alpha, beta, epsilon, iota and beta-2 toxins genes, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and comparing strains by means of Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Clostridium perfringens isolation frequencies in carcasses and finishing pig intestines were of 58.8% in both types of samples. According to the polymerase chain reaction assay, only alfa toxin was detected, being all isolates also negative to enterotoxin and beta2 toxin. Through PFGE technique, the strains were characterized in 35 pulsotypes. In only one pulsotype, the isolate from carcass sample was grouped with fecal isolate of the same animal, suggesting that the risk of cross-contamination was low. Despite the high prevalence of C. perfringens in swine carcasses from the slaughterhouses assessed, the risk of food poisoning to Brazilian pork consumers is low, since all strains were negative to cpe-gene, codifying enterotoxin.

scholarly journals USE OF THE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF ASYMPTOMATIC Leishmania INFECTION IN A VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS-ENDEMIC AREA

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Almeida Silva ◽  
Héctor Dardo Romero ◽  
Aline Fagundes ◽  
Nédia Nehme ◽  
Otávio Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The diagnosis of asymptomatic infection with Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi has become more important over recent years. Expansion of visceral leishmaniasis might be associated with other routes of transmission such as transfusion, congenital or even vector transmission, and subjects with asymptomatic infection are potential reservoirs. Moreover, the identification of infection may contribute to the management of patients with immunosuppressive conditions (HIV, transplants, use of immunomodulators) and to the assessment of the effectiveness of control measures. In this study, 149 subjects living in a visceral leishmaniasis endemic area were evaluated clinically and submitted to genus-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), serological testing, and the Montenegro skin test. Forty-nine (32.9%) of the subjects had a positive PCR result and none of them developed the disease within a follow-up period of three years. No association was observed between the results of PCR, serological and skin tests. A positive PCR result in subjects from the endemic area did not indicate a risk of progression to visceral leishmaniasis and was not associated with a positive result in the serological tests.

scholarly journals How prevalent is Plasmodium malariae in Rondônia, Western Brazilian Amazon?

2000 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 489-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa Torres Vidal Cavasini ◽  
Weber Luidi Ribeiro ◽  
Fumihiko Kawamoto ◽  
Marcelo Urbano Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Plasmodium Species ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Plasmodium Malariae ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
And Control

We have compared results of Plasmodium species identification obtained with conventional on-site microscopy of Giemsa-stained thick smears (GTS) and a semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 96 malaria patients from Rondônia, Western Brazilian Amazon. Mixed-species infections were detected by PCR in 30% patients, but no such case had been found on GTS. Moreover, P. malariae infections were detected in 9 of 96 patients (10%) by PCR, but were not identified by local microscopists. The potential impact of species misidentification on malaria treatment and control is discussed.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Adhesion and Regulation of Biofilm-Related Genes in Different Clones ofStaphylococcus aureus

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salman Sahab Atshan ◽  
Mariana Nor Shamsudin ◽  
Zamberi Sekawi ◽  
Leslie Than Thian Lung ◽  
Rukman Awang Hamat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Microtiter Plate Assay ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Clinical information about genotypically different clones of biofilm-producingStaphylococcus aureusis largely unknown. We examined whether different clones of methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MSSA and MRSA) differ with respect to staphylococcal microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs) in biofilm formation. The study used 60 different types ofspaand determined the phenotypes, the prevalence of the 13 MSCRAMM, and biofilm genes for each clone. The current investigation was carried out using a modified Congo red agar (MCRA), a microtiter plate assay (MPA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Clones belonging to the samespatype were found to have similar properties in adheringto thepolystyrene microtiter plate surface. However, their ability to produce slime on MCRA medium was different. PCR experiments showed that 60 clones of MSSA and MRSA were positive for 5 genes (out of 9 MSCRAMM genes).icaADBCgenes were found to be present in all the 60 clones tested indicating a high prevalence, and these genes were equally distributed among the clones associated with MSSA and those with MRSA. The prevalence of other MSCRAMM genes among MSSA and MRSA clones was found to be variable. MRSA and MSSA gene expression (MSCRAMM andicaADBC) was confirmed by RT-PCR.

Evaluation of Line Immunoassay to Detect HTLV-1 Infection in an Endemic Area, Southwestern Japan; Comparison with Polymerase Chain Reaction and Western Blot

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (02/2017) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazumi Umeki ◽  
Kunihiko Umekita ◽  
Yuuki Hashikura ◽  
Ikuo Yamamoto ◽  
Kazuyoshi Kubo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

scholarly journals Effect of Screening for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Carriage by Polymerase Chain Reaction on the Duration of Unnecessary Preemptive Contact Isolation

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1077-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilker Uçkay ◽  
Hugo Sax ◽  
Anne Iten ◽  
Véronique Camus ◽  
Gesuele Renzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Hospital Readmission ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Contact Isolation ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Chromogenic Agar ◽  
Polymerase Chain

A high prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage at hospital readmission among previous MRSA carriers warrants screening and preemptive isolation precautions. The replacement of culture on chromogenic agar with rapid quantitative polymerase chain reaction for readmission screening reduces the number of unnecessary preemptive isolation-days by 54% (from 6.88 to 3.14 isolation-days) and related costs by 45% (from US$113.2 to US$62.1) for patients who test negative for MRSA.

scholarly journals Epidemics of Soybean Rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) in Brazil and Paraguay from 2001 to 2003

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 675-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Yorinori ◽  
W. M. Paiva ◽  
R. D. Frederick ◽  
L. M. Costamilan ◽  
P. F. Bertagnolli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Soybean Rust ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Phakopsora Pachyrhizi ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Cost

In 5 March 2001, a severe rust outbreak was recorded at Pitapó, Paraguay, and the causal organism was determined to be Phakopsora pachyrhizi using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequence analysis. In May, rust surveys showed spread throughout most of Paraguay and into western and northern Parana, Brazil. In the 2001-02 season, rust was widespread in Paraguay, but losses were reduced due to severe drought; however, in Brazil it spread to more than 60% of the soybean acreage, causing field losses estimated at 0.1 million metric tons (MMT). In 2003, the disease was observed in more than 90% of the fields in Brazil, and the projected losses in Mato Grosso and Bahia alone are 2.2 MMT (US$487.3 million). Approximately 80% of the soybean acreage in Brazil was sprayed twice with fungicides at the cost of US$544 million. Differences in efficacy have been observed among the commercial strobilurin and triazol fungicides.

scholarly journals Survey of Wolbachia frequency in Nashville, Tennessee Reveals Novel Infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Sangami Pugazenthi ◽  
Phoebe White ◽  
Aakash Basu ◽  
Anoop Chandrashekar ◽  
Dylan Shropshire
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Wolbachia Infection ◽  
Intracellular Bacteria ◽  
Infection Frequency ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
Vanderbilt University

Wolbachia (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) are maternally transmitted intracellular bacteria that infect approximately half of all insect species. These bacteria commonly act as reproductive parasites or mutualists to enhance their transmission from mother to offspring, resulting in high prevalence among some species. Despite decades of research on Wolbachia’s global frequency, there are many arthropod families and geographic regions that have not been tested for Wolbachia. Here, arthropods were collected on the Vanderbilt University campus in Nashville, Tennessee, where Wolbachia frequency has not been previously studied. The dataset consists of 220 samples spanning 34 unique arthropod families collected on the Vanderbilt University campus. The majority of our samples were from the families Blattidae (Blattodea), Pulicidae (Siphonaptera), Dryinidae (Hymenoptera), Aphididae (Hemiptera), Paronellidae (Entomobryomorpha), Formicidae (Hymenoptera), Pseudococcidae (Hemiptera), Sphaeroceridae (Diptera), and Coccinellidae (Coleoptera). PCR-based techniques were used to assign infection states and, from these data, the first cases of Wolbachia in the Paronellidae springtails, Lithobiidae (Lithobiomorpha) centipedes, Lonchopteridae (Diptera) spear-winged flies, Sepsidae (Diptera) black scavenger flies, Cryptocercidae (Blattodea) wood roaches, and Lauxaniidae (Diptera) acalyptrate flies were identified. Within-family infection frequencies ranged from 17-100% when Wolbachia was observed; however, numerous families tested did not reveal evidence of infection. These results expand on the field’s understanding of Wolbachia’sfrequencyin Nashville, Tennessee, and among arthropod families broadly, and is the first report of Wolbachia in centipedes. KEYWORDS: Wolbachia; Infection Frequency; Endosymbiont; Tennessee; Centipede; Arthropod; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Nashville

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