scholarly journals Prevalence of Adhesion and Regulation of Biofilm-Related Genes in Different Clones ofStaphylococcus aureus

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salman Sahab Atshan ◽  
Mariana Nor Shamsudin ◽  
Zamberi Sekawi ◽  
Leslie Than Thian Lung ◽  
Rukman Awang Hamat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Microtiter Plate Assay ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Clinical information about genotypically different clones of biofilm-producingStaphylococcus aureusis largely unknown. We examined whether different clones of methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MSSA and MRSA) differ with respect to staphylococcal microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs) in biofilm formation. The study used 60 different types ofspaand determined the phenotypes, the prevalence of the 13 MSCRAMM, and biofilm genes for each clone. The current investigation was carried out using a modified Congo red agar (MCRA), a microtiter plate assay (MPA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Clones belonging to the samespatype were found to have similar properties in adheringto thepolystyrene microtiter plate surface. However, their ability to produce slime on MCRA medium was different. PCR experiments showed that 60 clones of MSSA and MRSA were positive for 5 genes (out of 9 MSCRAMM genes).icaADBCgenes were found to be present in all the 60 clones tested indicating a high prevalence, and these genes were equally distributed among the clones associated with MSSA and those with MRSA. The prevalence of other MSCRAMM genes among MSSA and MRSA clones was found to be variable. MRSA and MSSA gene expression (MSCRAMM andicaADBC) was confirmed by RT-PCR.

Assessment of Thyroid Function in COVID-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Hasan Mohammed ◽  
Araz Muhammed Yousif ◽  
Samir Anwar Jabbar ◽  
Parween Abdulsamad Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Since the egression of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) disease, more than 200 countries and areas around the world were affected. To the present, it is not clear whether COVID-19 has effects on thyroid function or not. The aim of the current study was to assess thyroid function in COVID-19 patients with history of thyroid disease and those without such a history and to find out the thyroid disturbance in both groups. The present study involved 86 COVID-19 affected patients admitted BioLab and the Balsam Hospital, Erbil/ Iraq between January and April 2021. Confirmation of COVID-19 infection all patients by Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) of nasopharyngeal swabs. Thyroid hormones, and thyrotropin (TSH) level was analyzed and assessed. Most of the participants (88.4%) had normal T3 level, and there was no significant difference (p = 0.069) between those with normal T3, TPO and with no history of thyroid disease and those with such a history and/or high TPO. T4 levels of the participants with no history of thyroid disease and normal TPO did not differ significantly (p =0.725) from those with a history of thyroid disease and/or high TPO. Regarding the level of TSH, there was significant difference (p<0.001) between the two fore mentioned groups. There is high prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in the COVID-19 patients with family history of thyroid disease and high TPO antibody level.

1504: Molecular Diagnosis and Staging of Prostate Cancer Using Clusterin in Real Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)

2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (4S) ◽  
pp. 485-486
Author(s):  
Sabarinath B. Nair ◽  
Christodoulos Pipinikas ◽  
Roger Kirby ◽  
Nick Carter ◽  
Christiane Fenske
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Molecular Diagnosis ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Polymerase chain reaction amplification and typing of rotavirus in environmental samples

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 371-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gajardo ◽  
R. M. Pintó ◽  
A. Bosch
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Group A ◽  
Reaction Amplification ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Polymerase Chain

A reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay is described that has been developed for the detection and serotyping of group A rotavirus in stool specimens and concentrated and non-concentrated sewage specimens.

scholarly journals Machine Learning Prediction of SARS-CoV-2 Polymerase Chain Reaction Results with Routine Blood Tests

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Tschoellitsch ◽  
Martin Dünser ◽  
Carl Böck ◽  
Karin Schwarzbauer ◽  
Jens Meier
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Blood Tests ◽  
Routine Blood ◽  
Machine Learning Model ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Objective The diagnosis of COVID-19 is based on the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory secretions, blood, or stool. Currently, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the most commonly used method to test for SARS-CoV-2. Methods In this retrospective cohort analysis, we evaluated whether machine learning could exclude SARS-CoV-2 infection using routinely available laboratory values. A Random Forests algorithm with 1353 unique features was trained to predict the RT-PCR results. Results Out of 12,848 patients undergoing SARS-CoV-2 testing, routine blood tests were simultaneously performed in 1528 patients. The machine learning model could predict SARS-CoV-2 test results with an accuracy of 86% and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.90. Conclusion Machine learning methods can reliably predict a negative SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test result using standard blood tests.

scholarly journals A meta-analysis of accuracy and sensitivity of chest CT and RT-PCR in COVID-19 diagnosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Khatami ◽  
Mohammad Saatchi ◽  
Seyed Saeed Tamehri Zadeh ◽  
Zahra Sadat Aghamir ◽  
Alireza Namazi Shabestari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Chest Ct Scan

AbstractNowadays there is an ongoing acute respiratory outbreak caused by the novel highly contagious coronavirus (COVID-19). The diagnostic protocol is based on quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and chests CT scan, with uncertain accuracy. This meta-analysis study determines the diagnostic value of an initial chest CT scan in patients with COVID-19 infection in comparison with RT-PCR. Three main databases; PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, and EMBASE were systematically searched for all published literature from January 1st, 2019, to the 21st May 2020 with the keywords "COVID19 virus", "2019 novel coronavirus", "Wuhan coronavirus", "2019-nCoV", "X-Ray Computed Tomography", "Polymerase Chain Reaction", "Reverse Transcriptase PCR", and "PCR Reverse Transcriptase". All relevant case-series, cross-sectional, and cohort studies were selected. Data extraction and analysis were performed using STATA v.14.0SE (College Station, TX, USA) and RevMan 5. Among 1022 articles, 60 studies were eligible for totalizing 5744 patients. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of chest CT scan compared to RT-PCR were 87% (95% CI 85–90%), 46% (95% CI 29–63%), 69% (95% CI 56–72%), and 89% (95% CI 82–96%), respectively. It is important to rely on the repeated RT-PCR three times to give 99% accuracy, especially in negative samples. Regarding the overall diagnostic sensitivity of 87% for chest CT, the RT-PCR testing is essential and should be repeated to escape misdiagnosis.

scholarly journals EXPRESS: Clinical performance of the Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 combined in an algorithm with two specific anti-IgG immunoassays for the evaluation of the serological response of patients with COVID-19 in a population with a high prevalence of infection

2021 ◽  
pp. 000456322110380
Author(s):  
Xavier Gabaldó-Barrios ◽  
Simona Iftimie ◽  
Anna Hernández-Aguilera ◽  
Isabel Pujol ◽  
Frederic Ballester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Test ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Automated Assay ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies have been used in the study of the immune response in infected patients. However, differences in sensitivity and specificity have been reported, depending on the method of analysis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of an algorithm in which a high-throughput automated assay for total antibodies was used for screening and two semi-automated IgG-specific methods were used to confirm the results, and also to correlate the analytical results with the clinical data and the time elapsed since infection. Methods: We studied 306 patients, some hospitalized and some outpatients, belonging to a population with a high prevalence of COVID-19. One-hundred and ten patients were classified as SARS-CoV-2 negative and 196 as positive by polymerase chain reaction. Results: The algorithm and automated assay alone had a specificity and a positive predictive value of 100%, although the sensitivity and negative predictive value of the algorithm was higher. Both methods showed a good sensitivity from day 11 of the onset of symptoms in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients. The absorbance of the total antibodies was significantly higher in severely symptomatic than in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients, which suggests the antibody level was higher. We found 15 patients that did not present seroconversion at 12 days from the onset of symptoms or the first polymerase chain reaction test. Conclusion: This study highlights the proper functioning of algorithms in the diagnosis of the immune response to COVID-19, which can help to define testing strategies against this disease.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Diagnosis of Foot-and-Mouth Disease

Intervirology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Salman Khan ◽  
Syed Asad Ali Shah ◽  
Syed Muhammad Jamal
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Kappa Value ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
Level Of Agreement

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an infectious and highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed domestic and wild animals, causing heavy economic losses to the livestock industry. Rapid and reliable diagnosis of the disease is essential for the implementation of effective control measures. This study compared sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (S-ELISA) and conventional reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the diagnosis of FMD. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 60 epithelial samples from suspected cases of FMD were tested using both S-ELISA and RT-PCR assays. The level of agreement between the assays was assessed by calculating the Kappa value. <b><i>Results:</i></b> S-ELISA detected 38 (63%) samples positive for FMD virus (FMDV). Being predominant, serotype O was detected in 22 (57.9%) of the total samples tested positive, whereas 9 (23.7%) and 7 (18.4%) samples were found positive for serotypes A and Asia-1, respectively. RT-PCR detected viral genome in 51 (85%) of the samples using pan-FMDV primers set, 1F/1R. Thirty-six samples were found positive and 7 negative by both the tests. The level of agreement between the tests was assessed by calculating the Kappa value, which was found to be fair (Kappa value = 0.303 and 95% CI = 0.089; 0.517) and significant (<i>p</i> = 0.009). However, 2 samples, which were found positive on S-ELISA tested negative on RT-PCR. This may be attributed to the presence of nucleotide mismatch(es) in the primer-binding sites that may have resulted in failure of amplification of the viral genome. The serotype-specific RT-PCR assays not only confirmed serotyping results of S-ELISA but were also able to establish serotype in 9 S-ELISA-negative but pan-FMDV RT-PCR-positive samples. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The RT-PCR assay contributes significantly to establishing a quick, sensitive, and definitive diagnosis of FMD in resource-constrained countries. Samples giving negative results in S-ELISA should be tested in RT-PCR for the disease detection and virus typing.

Detection of specific mRNAs in single nephron segments by use of the polymerase chain reaction

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (5) ◽  
pp. F1470-F1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Moriyama ◽  
H. R. Murphy ◽  
B. M. Martin ◽  
A. Garcia-Perez
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Aldose Reductase ◽  
Collecting Duct ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Nephron Segments ◽  
Single Nephron ◽  
Specific Mrnas ◽  
Polymerase Chain

We have developed a procedure to detect specific mRNAs in single renal nephron segments. This approach combines microdissection, reverse transcription (RT) of the target mRNA, and amplification of the resulting cDNA using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). After microdissection, the sample is placed in a tube where it is permeabilized and where all reactions are performed directly without the need for isolation of the RNA. Our model target was the mRNA for aldose reductase. This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of glucose to sorbitol. Its expression is modulated by changes in extracellular osmolality in the renal medulla. RT-PCR of inner medullary collecting duct (1 mm) and glomeruli (6-10) yielded a product of the predicted length (670 base pairs) defined by the PCR primers. Its identity was confirmed by a specific oligonucleotide probe that differed from the primers. RT-PCR of proximal tubules (1 mm) resulted in no aldose reductase-specific amplification product. RT-PCR is generally applicable for measuring specific gene expression in single nephron segments or small numbers of cultured cells. Utility, limitations, and refinements of this approach are discussed.

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