scholarly journals Modeling of basic density of wood from Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus urophylla using nondestructive methods

CERNE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Motta Couto ◽  
Paulo Fernando Trugilho ◽  
Thiago Andrade Neves ◽  
Thiago de Paula Protásio ◽  
Vânia Aparecida de Sá
Keyword(s):  
Nondestructive Evaluation ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Immersion Method ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Clonal Trial

The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of nondestructive variables in inferring basic density of wood from Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus urophylla. A total of 27 clones of Eucalyptus urophylla and 22 clones of Eucalyptus grandis were used, sourced from a clonal trial set up in Martinho Campos, Minas Gerais. After evaluation using nondestructive techniques of resistography and pin penetration at a constant pressure (Pilodyn®), individuals were felled and disks were removed from the 2%, 10%, 30%, 50% and 70% portions of the merchantable height section, and also from the portion 1.30 m above ground level. Basic density was determined by the water immersion method. Values of basic density ranged from 0.412 to 0.609 g.cm-3 for clones at age 42 months and from 0.408 to 0.664 g.cm-3 for clones at age 54 months. The clones of Eucalyptus urophylla provided higher values of average basic density in relation to Eucalyptus grandis. The variable 'amplitude' had better correlation with basic density in comparison with pin penetration at a constant pressure. Nondestructive evaluation can be used in mass preselection of genetic materials, prior to subjecting them to a more accurate, reliable evaluation.

scholarly journals ANATOMICAL, ULTRASTRUCTURAL, PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL WOOD PROPERTIES OF TWO-YEAR-OLD Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla CLONES

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio José Vinha Zanuncio ◽  
Amélia Guimarães Carvalho ◽  
Angélica de Cassia Oliveira Carneiro ◽  
Mario Tomazello Filho ◽  
Paulina Valenzuela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Radial Direction ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Wood Basic Density ◽  
Eucalyptus Wood ◽  
Adult Trees

ABSTRACT Eucalyptus wood from adult trees is used for several purposes; however, the wood of younger trees has limited use. This study aims to characterize and propose uses of two-year-old eucalyptus wood. Six two-year-old Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla clones have been selected and their anatomical, ultrastructural, physical and mechanical wood characteristics evaluated. The wood of Clone A shows more robust fibers with better microfibril arrangement, resulting in better mechanical properties, and therefore, a better performance for structural use. Clone F showed a low variation of wood basic density in the radial direction, facilitating its machinability, and with the Clone B, showed a lower anisotropy, and therefore, the wood is recommended for locations with high variations of humidity. The heterogeneity of the wood characteristics of the evaluated clones confirms the need for further studies, to choose those most adequate to each use.

scholarly journals Evaluating basic density calibrations based on NIR spectra recorded on the three wood faces and subject to different mathematical treatments

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelize A. Amaral ◽  
Luana M. Dos Santos ◽  
Paulo R.G. Hein ◽  
Emylle V.S. Costa ◽  
Sebastião Carlos S. Rosado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Integrating Sphere ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Immersion Method ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Eucalyptus Wood

Background: Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has been successfully applied to estimate the chemical, physical and mechanical properties of various biological materials, including wood. This study aimed to evaluate basic density calibrations based on NIR spectra collected from three wood faces and subject to different mathematical treatments. Methods: Diffuse reflectance NIR spectra were recorded using an integrating sphere on the transverse, radial and tangential surfaces of 278 wood specimens of Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis. Basic density of the wood specimens was determined in the laboratory by the immersion method and correlated with NIR spectra by Partial Least Squares regression. Different statistical treatments were then applied to the data, including Standard Normal Variate, Multiplicative Scatter Correction, First and Second Derivatives, Normalization, Autoscale and MeanCenter transformations. Results: The predictive model based on NIR spectra measured on the transverse surface performed the best (R²cv = 0.85 and RMSE = 25.5 kg/m³) while the model developed from the NIR spectra measured on the tangential surface had the poorest performance (R²cv = 0.53 and RMSE = 46.8 kg/m³). The difference in performance between models based on original (untreated) and mathematically-treated spectra was minimal. Conclusions: Multivariate models fitted to NIR spectra were found to be efficient for predicting the basic density of Eucalyptus wood, especially when based on spectra measured on the transversal surface. For this data set, models based on the original spectra and mathematically treated spectra had similar performance. The reported findings show that mathematical transformations are not always able to extract more information from the spectra in the NIR.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL AND ENERGETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla CLONES SUBJECT TO WIND DAMAGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio José Vinha Zanuncio ◽  
Amélia Guimarães Carvalho ◽  
Angelica de Cassia Oliveira Carneiro ◽  
Jorge Luiz Colodette ◽  
Maria Fernanda Vieira Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Wind Damage ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Energetic Characterization ◽  
G Ratio

ABSTRACT Wind damages are common in forest plantations and the use of this wood can minimize losses. The objective was to evaluate the chemical composition and the energetic potential of wood and charcoal from trees subject to wind damage. Eight (A to H) two-years-old Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla clones were selected in a region where wind damage is frequent. The basic density, calorific value, chemical composition of wood and calorific value, immediate chemistry and gravimetric yield of charcoal were determined for all clones. Materials with high lignin content and low S/G ratio had higher gravimetric yield. The energy density of wood and charcoal showed high relationship with the basic and apparent relative density, respectively. All materials showed potential for bioenergy, but the clone E stood out with higher gravimetric yield and energy density.

scholarly journals QUALITY OF CHARCOAL FROM THREE SPECIES OF THE Eucalyptus AND THE Corymbia citriodora SPECIES PLANTED IN THE SOUTH OF TOCANTINS

FLORESTA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 1643
Author(s):  
Raquel Marchesan ◽  
Danyelly Nunes de Oliveira ◽  
Renata Carvalho da Silva ◽  
Lorrainy Azevedo de Carvalho ◽  
Rone Tavares Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
The South ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Corymbia Citriodora

We aimed to assess the quality of charcoal from three Eucalyptus and Corymbia citriodora species for energy production in the South of Tocantins state. A hybrid Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis, the species Eucalyptus urophylla, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, and Corymbia citriodora were selected for the study. In the preparation of the material, 20 specimens of each species with the dimensions of 2.0 x 2.0 x 5.0 cm were made, being ten repetitions for each carbonization gait with different final temperatures and heating rates. The basic wood density, total gravimetric yield, total yields in condensable and non-condensable gases, immediate chemical analysis, and higher calorific value were determined. Corymbia citriodora presented higher wood basic density (0.583 g/cm³) and charcoal apparent density (0.459 g/cm³). In immediate chemical analysis, Eucalyptus urophylla and Corymbia citriodora presented the best averages among all species. The calorific value ranged from 7235.97 to 7573.98 (kcal/kg), considered an acceptable value for energy production. The final carbonization temperature of 550°C is recommended, with Eucalyptus urophylla and Corymbia citriodora presenting the best averages.

scholarly journals Eucalypt Clonal Hybrid Influences the Carbon Amount of Below-Ground Biomass in Oxisol, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Grasiele Dick ◽  
Humberto J. Eufrade-Junior ◽  
Mauro V. Schumacher ◽  
Gileno B. Azevedo ◽  
Saulo P. S. Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Concentration ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Homogeneity Of Variances ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Hybrid Eucalyptus ◽  
Carbon Determination ◽  
Hybrid Clones

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether there is an influence of different clonal hybrids of Eucalyptus urophylla on the carbon concentration and amount in below-ground biomass in trees cultivated in Oxisol, Brazil. Stumps and roots of three different eucalypt hybrid clones, AEC 0144, AEC 0223, and VM01, were selected, weighed immediately after being removed from the ground, and sampled for carbon determination and moisture content at the laboratory. The Shapiro-Wilk and Bartlett tests were used to evaluate data distribution and the homogeneity of variances, respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) complemented by the Scott-Knott test was used to evaluate the effects of specie/hybrid on the below-ground biomass (dry matter) and carbon amount per stump. The hybrid type of Eucalyptus urophylla does not influence the carbon concentration; however, there is a difference in below-ground biomass production and carbon amount with it being higher for Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus camaldulensis when compared to the species Eucalyptus urophylla and hybrid Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis.

scholarly journals EFICIÊNCIA DE ISCAS GRANULADAS À BASE DE SULFLURAMIDA E DE CLORPIRIFÓS NO CONTROLE DE Atta sexdens sexdens(HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE), NO TRÓPICO ÚMIDO.

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adalton Pinheiro da CRUZ ◽  
José Cola ZANUNCIO ◽  
Ronald ZANETTI ◽  
Odilávio Sá GOMES
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Atta Sexdens

Este trabalho foi realizado em plantios de eucalipto urograndis (Eucalyptus urophylla χ Eucalyptus grandis)da Jari Celulose S.A., no município de Almeirim, Pará, no período de agosto/94 a janeiro/95. Foi testada a eficiência de uma isca granulada com sulfluramida e de três outras com clorpirifós, em três dosagens cada por metro quadrado de formigueiro, no controle de Atta sexdens sexdens(Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Os resultados foram comparados com os de uma isca à base de dodecacloro (0,45%) a 10 gramas por metro quadrado de formigueiro. A isca granulada com sulfluramida a 6, 8 e 10 gramas por metro quadrado de formigueiro apresentou 77,78%, 100,00% e 88,90% de controle, respectivamente, assemelhando-se à isca a base de dodecacloro que apresentou 100,00% de formigueiros mortos. As outras iscas, em qualquer dosagem, apresentaram eficiência abaixo de 45,00%.

scholarly journals Painéis Compensados Fabricados com Lâminas de Três Espécies de Eucaliptos

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Kazmierczak ◽  
Everton Hillig ◽  
Setsuo Iwakiri
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Eucalyptus Saligna ◽  
Eucalyptus Dunnii ◽  
E 32

RESUMO O objetivo foi analisar a qualidade de painéis compensados produzidos com lâminas de Eucalyptus saligna, Eucalyptus dunnii e o híbrido Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis, em diferentes composições de misturas. Foram produzidos painéis com 500 × 500 × 14 mm e sete camadas de lâminas, coladas com fenol-formaldeído (FF), na gramatura de 360 g. m-2 em linha dupla e teores de sólidos de 28% e 32%. A prensagem dos painéis foi realizada a 130 °C, 12 kgf. cm-2 e 15 minutos. Analisaram-se as propriedades massa específica, umidade, absorção d’água, inchamento em espessura, cisalhamento na linha de cola e flexão estática. Os resultados foram comparados aos requisitos do catálogo técnico da ABIMCI e das normas EN 314-2 e DIN 68792. Os painéis de Eucalyptus dunnii apresentaram menores valores de propriedades mecânicas, com tendência de aumento quando em misturas. Os painéis de Eucalyptus saligna e do híbrido Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis apresentaram bons resultados, tanto puros como em mistura com as outras espécies.

scholarly journals Parâmetros dendrométricos e correlações com propriedades tecnológicas em um híbrido clonal de Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 947-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabricio Gomes Gonçalves ◽  
José Tarcísio da Silva Oliveira ◽  
Gilson Fernandes da Silva ◽  
Mauro Eloi Nappo ◽  
Mario Tomazelo Filho
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla

A qualidade da madeira aparentemente está associada às características dendrométricas, que por sua vez são influenciadas pelas condições de crescimento. Os objetivos deste estudo foram a caracterização dendrométrica e a realização de correlações de Pearson entre alguns parâmetros tecnológicos da madeira do híbrido clonal de Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis sob três estratos silviculturais. Os dados dendrométricos foram analisados mediante a análise de regressão. Os resultados mostraram que o híbrido apresenta comportamento similar ao das demais madeiras da mesma espécie que cresceram em outras regiões, destacando-se a espessura do alburno no E1 (talhadia simples, 70 meses e com um desbaste), com pouca variação ao longo do fuste. Todas as árvores apresentaram, em geral, baixa conicidade ao longo do fuste e baixo volume de casca entre os estratos. Na correlação de Pearson foram avaliados entre si nove parâmetros dendrométricos, sete físicos e três mecânicos, longitudinalmente em seções de 3 m e na posição medula-casca nas duas primeiras toras. Os coeficientes encontrados demonstram haver fortes correlações entre as propriedades, destacando-se a densidade básica em relação às demais características e o coeficiente de anisotropia, ambas importantes no processo de desdobro e secagem da madeira. Não houve correlações significativas nas contrações lineares e volumétricas ao longo do comprimento do fuste. A variação radial mostrou boas correlações entre todas as propriedades mecânicas avaliadas nas duas primeiras toras. Em contrapartida, as propriedades físicas avaliadas na posição radial não apresentaram correlações significativas.

scholarly journals DENSITOMETRIA DE RAIOS X NA MADEIRA E CARVÃO DE CLONE DEEucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden X Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake1

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Donária Chaves Arantes ◽  
Paulo Fernando Trugilho ◽  
Mario Tomazello Filho ◽  
José Tarcísio Lima ◽  
Graziela Baptista Vidaurre
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a densidade relativa aparente por meio da técnica de raios X da madeira e do carvão de um clone de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla com 6 anos. A amostragem consistiu na retirada de baguetas de 2 cm de diâmetro no DAP, com trado motorizado, em 50 árvores distribuídas em três classes de diâmetro. Após a determinação da densidade relativa aparente das baguetas, pela técnica de densitometria por raios X, as amostras foram carbonizadas em um forno elétrico (mufla) e suas densidades, determinadas pela mesma técnica. Os valores mais altos de densidade aparente da madeira utilizando a técnica de raios X foram encontrados nas classes diamétricas de 14,1 e 11,4 cm. Os valores de densidade relativa aparente nas amostras de carvão tenderam a aumentar no sentido medula-casca em todas as classes diamétricas.

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