scholarly journals CHEMICAL AND ENERGETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla CLONES SUBJECT TO WIND DAMAGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio José Vinha Zanuncio ◽  
Amélia Guimarães Carvalho ◽  
Angelica de Cassia Oliveira Carneiro ◽  
Jorge Luiz Colodette ◽  
Maria Fernanda Vieira Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Wind Damage ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Energetic Characterization ◽  
G Ratio

ABSTRACT Wind damages are common in forest plantations and the use of this wood can minimize losses. The objective was to evaluate the chemical composition and the energetic potential of wood and charcoal from trees subject to wind damage. Eight (A to H) two-years-old Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla clones were selected in a region where wind damage is frequent. The basic density, calorific value, chemical composition of wood and calorific value, immediate chemistry and gravimetric yield of charcoal were determined for all clones. Materials with high lignin content and low S/G ratio had higher gravimetric yield. The energy density of wood and charcoal showed high relationship with the basic and apparent relative density, respectively. All materials showed potential for bioenergy, but the clone E stood out with higher gravimetric yield and energy density.

scholarly journals QUALITY OF CHARCOAL FROM THREE SPECIES OF THE Eucalyptus AND THE Corymbia citriodora SPECIES PLANTED IN THE SOUTH OF TOCANTINS

FLORESTA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 1643
Author(s):  
Raquel Marchesan ◽  
Danyelly Nunes de Oliveira ◽  
Renata Carvalho da Silva ◽  
Lorrainy Azevedo de Carvalho ◽  
Rone Tavares Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
The South ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Corymbia Citriodora

We aimed to assess the quality of charcoal from three Eucalyptus and Corymbia citriodora species for energy production in the South of Tocantins state. A hybrid Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis, the species Eucalyptus urophylla, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, and Corymbia citriodora were selected for the study. In the preparation of the material, 20 specimens of each species with the dimensions of 2.0 x 2.0 x 5.0 cm were made, being ten repetitions for each carbonization gait with different final temperatures and heating rates. The basic wood density, total gravimetric yield, total yields in condensable and non-condensable gases, immediate chemical analysis, and higher calorific value were determined. Corymbia citriodora presented higher wood basic density (0.583 g/cm³) and charcoal apparent density (0.459 g/cm³). In immediate chemical analysis, Eucalyptus urophylla and Corymbia citriodora presented the best averages among all species. The calorific value ranged from 7235.97 to 7573.98 (kcal/kg), considered an acceptable value for energy production. The final carbonization temperature of 550°C is recommended, with Eucalyptus urophylla and Corymbia citriodora presenting the best averages.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF PLANTING AGE AND SPACING ON ENERGY PROPERTIES OF Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill EX Maiden

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elder Eloy ◽  
Dimas Agostinho da Silva ◽  
Denise Schmidt ◽  
Rômulo Trevisan ◽  
Braulio Otomar Caron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Volatile Material ◽  
Gross Calorific Value ◽  
Energy Productivity ◽  
Fixed Carbon Content

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the effect of planting age and spacing on energy properties of different compartments of the biomass of Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden, disseminated in different spacings: 2.0 x 1.0 m, 2.0 x 1.5 m, 3.0 x 1.0 m e 3.0 x 1.5 m, in the 1st, 3rd and 5th year after the planting. The present study was carried out as an experiment installed in an experimental design of randomized complete blocks in three replications. Variables determined were Biomass (BIO), Gross Calorific Value (GCV), Basic Density (BD), Energy Productivity (EP), Energy Density (ED), Fixed Carbon Content (FCC), Volatile Material Content (VMC), and Ash Content (AC). Ages have an effect on all studied variables, and in the 5th year after planting, the largest BIO, EP, BD, ED and FCC values are checked. The planting spacings induce different productions of BIO and EP, with a trend towards lower values with increasing planting spacing in all assessed periods. The compartments of trees influence BIO, GCV, FCC, VMC and AC variables. Regarding to energy, the higher the age and lower the planting spacing, the better the energy properties of biomass.

scholarly journals KRAFT LIGNIN AS AN ADDITIVE IN PINE AND EUCALYPTUS PARTICLE COMPOSITION FOR BRIQUETTE PRODUCTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Torezani Neto Boschetti ◽  
Alice do Carmo Precci Lopes ◽  
Robisnéia Adriana Ribeiro ◽  
Rafael Quezada Reyes ◽  
Angélica de Cássia Oliveira Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Apparent Density ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Wood Particle ◽  
Kraft Lignin ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Particle Composition ◽  
Eucalyptus Wood

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the properties of briquettes produced with different proportions of pine and eucalyptus wood, as well as to characterize the potential of kraft lignin as an additive in the composition of briquettes for energy generation. The treatments differed from one another in the pine and eucalyptus wood particle ratios (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%), as well as for the kraft lignin content (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12%). The biomasses were characterized by their physical and chemical properties, and briquette properties were evaluated according to apparent density, lower calorific value (LCV), energy density, and maximum burst load. The results showed an increase in the apparent density as the proportion of lignin and eucalyptus in the briquettes increased. The particle composition of the briquettes had a higher influence on the energy density increase compared to the addition of kraft lignin, being more significant in briquettes produced with higher proportions of eucalyptus. It was also observed that the addition of lignin increased the resistance to the rupture load, and that there was a specific value at which this resistance was higher (at 7% or 11% of lignin, depending on the proportion of particles). Additionally, the briquettes made with 100% pine achieved greater mechanical resistance. In general, kraft lignin presented good potential for use as a briquette additive, contributing to improved energy and mechanical properties.

scholarly journals ANATOMICAL, ULTRASTRUCTURAL, PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL WOOD PROPERTIES OF TWO-YEAR-OLD Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla CLONES

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio José Vinha Zanuncio ◽  
Amélia Guimarães Carvalho ◽  
Angélica de Cassia Oliveira Carneiro ◽  
Mario Tomazello Filho ◽  
Paulina Valenzuela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Radial Direction ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Wood Basic Density ◽  
Eucalyptus Wood ◽  
Adult Trees

ABSTRACT Eucalyptus wood from adult trees is used for several purposes; however, the wood of younger trees has limited use. This study aims to characterize and propose uses of two-year-old eucalyptus wood. Six two-year-old Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla clones have been selected and their anatomical, ultrastructural, physical and mechanical wood characteristics evaluated. The wood of Clone A shows more robust fibers with better microfibril arrangement, resulting in better mechanical properties, and therefore, a better performance for structural use. Clone F showed a low variation of wood basic density in the radial direction, facilitating its machinability, and with the Clone B, showed a lower anisotropy, and therefore, the wood is recommended for locations with high variations of humidity. The heterogeneity of the wood characteristics of the evaluated clones confirms the need for further studies, to choose those most adequate to each use.

scholarly journals Potential of C. citriodora wood species for kraft pulp production

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Segura ◽  
Francides Da Silva, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Wood Species ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Wood Chip ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
Fiber Morphology ◽  
Tissue Paper ◽  
Pulp Production

This work characterizes the wood from Corymbia citriodora for pulp production. We evaluated wood chip samples from an 8-year-old C. citriodora plantation. A sample of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla chips from a 7-year-old plantation was used as reference material. Wood fiber morphology and chemical composition were analyzed. A modified kraft pulping was carried out to achieve kappa 18 on brownstock pulps. After that, pulps were oxygen delignified, and then underwent elemental chlorine free (ECF) bleaching to achieve the target brightness of 90±0.5% ISO. The bleached pulps were refined in a PFI mill at 0, 750, 1500, and 3000 revolutions, and their physical-mechanical properties were analyzed. C. citriodora wood had a relatively high wood basic density (0.568 g/cm³), low lignin content (22.3%), and high holocellulose content (73.1%) compared with E. grandis x E. urophylla. The fibers of this species had 1.07 mm length, 16.1 μm width, and 66% wall fraction, which reflect its high basic density. For the same kappa number, C. citriodora and E. grandis x E. urophylla yields were similar – the main pulping highlight for this wood species is the low specific wood consumption – 2.93 m³/a.d. ton. C. citriodora pulp had a relatively lower kappa number after oxygen delignification and lower bleaching chemical demand than Eucalyptus pulp. C. citriodora pulp had a high specific volume and capillarity, and low water retention value. The physical properties of C. citriodora suggest that it might be suitable for use in tissue paper manufacturing.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF PLANT SPACING ON THE BARK PROPERTIES OF A Eucalyptus CLONE

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Fernanda Vieira Rocha ◽  
Bárbara Luísa Corradi Pereira ◽  
Aylson Costa Oliveira ◽  
Matheus Felipe Freire Pego ◽  
Taís Regina Lima Abreu Veiga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Gross Calorific Value ◽  
Pulp Paper ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Eucalyptus Clone

ABSTRACT For several wood uses, such as pulp, paper and charcoal, the presence of the bark is undesirable, compromising production. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of different plant spacings on the properties of the bark of a clone of Eucalyptus grandis x E. camaldulensis at seven years of age at five different plant spacings. The wood discs were removed from the trees at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the commercial height; then we performed thickness, basic density, gross calorific value and mineral content analysis of bark. There were no significant differences among treatments for the bark gross calorific value and thickness. For the bark basic density, the highest values were found in trees planted in wider plant spacings and considering the mineral content, there was a significant difference only for P, Mn and Zn.

scholarly journals Characterization of eucalyptus clones subject to wind damage

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 969-976
Author(s):  
Antônio José Vinha Zanuncio ◽  
Amélia Guimarães Carvalho ◽  
Angélica de Cassia Oliveira Carneiro ◽  
Paulina Valenzuela ◽  
William Gacitúa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Middle Lamella ◽  
Growth Stress ◽  
Wind Damage ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Tree Resistance

Abstract: The objective of this work was to test a new methodology to assess the resistance of trees to wind damage and determine the characteristics that increase clone resistance to winds. Tree resistance to breakage, basic density, ultrastructure, anatomy, mechanical properties, and wood growth stress have been evaluated in seven Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla clones, collected from a region with a high incidence of wind damage. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the tree resistance to breakage and the ratio between the area damaged by the winds and the total planted area was -0.839, showing the efficiency of the methodology adopted and that high breaking strength results in a smaller area affected by wind damage. Trees with a high basic density, cell wall fraction, modulus of elasticity of the middle lamella and fibers, fiber hardness, modulus of rupture, growth stress and low microfibril angle and height and width of the rays showed greater resistance to wind damage. Therefore, the selection of clones with these features may reduce the incidence of damage by winds in Eucalyptus plantations.

scholarly journals QUALITY OF Eucalyptus urograndis CHARCOAL PRODUCED IN THE SOUTHERN REGION OF TOCANTINS

FLORESTA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 691
Author(s):  
Raquel Marchesan ◽  
Daniela Mendonça ◽  
Ana Carolina Caixeta Dias ◽  
Renata Carvalho da Silva ◽  
José Fernando Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heating Rate ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Tree Plantation ◽  
Final Temperature ◽  
Good Energy ◽  
Eucalyptus Urograndis

The objective of this work was to determine the quality of the Eucalyptus urophilla x Eucalyptus grandis clone charcoal, defining the basic density and wood retractability, apparent density, breaking index, charcoal yield, condensable and non-condensable gas yield, AQI and calorific values, comparing the results of different trunk positions and in two different heating ramps, ramp 1 (R1) with a heating rate of 1.25 ºC/min, final temperature of 450ºC and total of 6 hours, and ramp 2 (R2) with a heating rate of 1.19 ºC/min, final temperature of 500ºC and total time of 7 hours. The six evaluated trees were from a six-year-old cloned tree plantation located in the municipality of Gurupi, in the south of Tocantins state. The specimens for the characterizations were made from wooden discs removed from three trunk positions (base, DBH, top). The Eucalyptus urograndis wood presented basic density considered average (0.47 g/cm³) and good dimensional stability. The charcoal presented an expected yield and high calorific value influenced by the final temperature of the heating ramps, high fixed carbon content, acceptable ash content, as well as a low breaking rate. The results were satisfactory and identified the species as a good energy source.

Pulping-tailored fiber properties from a novel Brazilian Eucalyptus hybrid

Holzforschung ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Coelho dos Santos Muguet ◽  
Fernando José Borges Gomes ◽  
Kyösti Ruuttunen ◽  
Leena-Sisko Johansson ◽  
Anna-Stiina Jääskeläinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Pulp Fibers ◽  
Fiber Properties ◽  
Thermomechanical Pulping ◽  
Bulk Chemical

Abstract The chemical composition and morphology of pulp fibers have a significant impact on the properties of fiber products. Pulp samples from a novel unique Eucalyptus triple hybrid [Eucalyptus grandis × (Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus globulus)] were obtained by various pulping processes – kraft, soda-anthraquinone (NaOH-AQ), and thermomechanical pulping (TMP). The chemical composition of the fiber surfaces was evaluated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The surface lignin content of NaOH-AQ pulp fibers was lower than that of the kraft counterpart. However, kraft pulp handsheets showed better physical and mechanical properties. XPS data strongly suggests that together with the pulp bulk chemical composition the xylan is more abundant on the surface of kraft fibers, which is reflected on their better mechanical properties. Moreover, the relatively low surface lignin content in TMP pulp compared to wood suggests that defibration takes place in the secondary wall, where lignin is less concentrated.

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