scholarly journals Community ecology of the metazoan parasites of white sea catfish, Netuma barba (Osteichthyes: Ariidae), from the coastal zone of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2004 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. R. Tavares ◽  
J. L. Luque
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
The State ◽  
Metazoan Parasites ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Interspecific Associations ◽  
Host Sex

Between March 2000 and April 2001, 63 specimens of N. barba from Angra dos Reis, coastal zone of the State of Rio de Janeiro (23°0'S, 44°19'W), Brazil, were necropsied to study their infracommunities of metazoan parasites. Fifteen species of metazoan parasites were collected: 2 digeneans, 1 monogenean, 2 cestodes, 1 acantocephalan, 2 nematodes, 6 copepods, and 1 hirudinean. Ninety-six percent of the catfishes were parasitized by at least one metazoan parasite species. A total of 646 individual parasites was collected, with mean of 10.3 ± 16.6 parasites/fish. The copepods were 37.5% of the total parasite specimens collected. Lepeophtheirus monacanthus was the most dominant species and the only species with abundance positively correlated with the host total length. Host sex did not influence parasite prevalence or mean abundance of any species. The mean diversity in the infracommunities of N. barba was H = 0.130 ± 0.115 with no correlation with host's total length and without differences in relation to sex of the host. One pair of endoparasites (Dinosoma clupeola and Pseudoacanthostomum floridensis) showed positive association and covariation between their abundances and prevalences. The parasite community of N. barba from Rio de Janeiro can be defined as a complex of species with low prevalence and abundance and with scarcity of interspecific associations. However, because of both the presence of assemblages of sympatric ariid species as well as the spawning behavior characteristic of these fishes, additional comparative studies of the parasite component communities of ariids are necessaries to elucidate this pattern.

scholarly journals Community ecology of the metazoan parasites of Atlantic Moonfish, Selene setapinnis (Osteichthyes: Carangidae) from the coastal zone of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2004 ◽  
Vol 64 (3a) ◽  
pp. 399-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Cordeiro ◽  
J. L. Luque
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
The State ◽  
Metazoan Parasites ◽  
Parasite Abundance ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Host Sex

Eighty-nine specimens of Selene setapinnis (Mitchill, 1815) collected from the coastal zone of the State of Rio de Janeiro (21-23ºS, 41-45ºW and 23º05'S, 44º30'W), Brazil, from August 2001 to May 2002, were necropsied to study their metazoan parasites. Eighty-one (91%) specimens of S. setapinnis were parasitized by one or more metazoan species. Twenty-one species of parasites were collected: 8 digeneans, 3 monogeneans, 2 cestodes, 5 nematodes, and 3 copepods. The endoparasites (digeneans, cestodes, and nematodes) were 74.1% of total number of parasite specimens collected. The monogenean Pseudomazocraes selene (Hargis, 1957) was the most dominant species with the highest prevalence in the parasite community of S. setapinnis. The metazoan parasites of this host species showed the typical aggregated pattern of distribution. Only one parasite species (Acanthocolpoides pauloi Travassos, Freitas & Buhrnheim, 1955) showed positive correlation between the host total length and parasite abundance in S. setapinnis. Caligus robustus Bassett-Smith, 1898, P. selene, and Terranova sp. demonstrated positive correlation between the host total length and prevalence. Larvae of Terranova sp. showed influence of the host sex on its prevalence. A pair of ectoparasite species, P. selene-C. robustus, exhibited positive covariation between their abundances. Two pairs of endoparasite species, L. microstomum-P. merus and A. pauloi-P. merus showed significant covariation among their abundances; and the pair Terranova sp.-Raphidascaris sp. had positive co-ocorrence and covariation in the infracommunities of S. setapinnis. Like the parasite communities of the other carangid fishes from Rio de Janeiro, the parasite community of S. setapinnis is apparently only a slightly ordered species complex, characterized by dominance of endoparasite species.

scholarly journals Community ecology of the metazoan parasites of Brazilian sardinella, Sardinella brasiliensis (Steindachner, 1879) (Actinopterygii: Clupeidae) from the coastal zone of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 736-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Moreira ◽  
F Paschoal ◽  
AD Cezar ◽  
JL Luque
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Host Record ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
The State ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
New Host ◽  
Metazoan Parasites ◽  
Parasite Abundance ◽  
Total Length

AbstractBetween March 2010 and August 2011 were necropsied 100 specimens of Sardinella brasiliensis (Steindachner, 1879), from the coast of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (22°51’S, 43°56’W), to study their community of metazoan parasites. All specimens of S. brasiliensis were parasitized by at least one species of metazoan parasite, with mean of 68.7 ± 71.2 parasites/fish. Eleven species were collected: 3 digeneans, 1 monogenean, 2 cestodes, 3 nematodes and 2 copepods. The digenean Myosaccium ecaude Montgomery was the most abundant, prevalent, and dominant species, representing 72.7% of metazoan parasites collected, showing positive correlation between host’s total length and parasite abundance. Total parasite abundance was positively correlated with host’s total length. Three pairs of adult endoparasites showed significant positive association and covariation. The parasite community of S. brasiliensis showed dominance by digeneans. Sardinella brasiliensis represents new host record for most found parasite species.

scholarly journals Community ecology of metazoan parasites of the anchovy Anchoa tricolor (Osteichthyes: Engraulidae) from the coastal zone of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2005 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. R. Tavares ◽  
J. L. Luque ◽  
A. J. A. Bicudo
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
The State ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Metazoan Parasites ◽  
Parasite Abundance ◽  
Metazoan Parasite ◽  
Total Length

Between October 2001 and March 2002, 103 specimens of A. tricolor from Angra dos Reis (23°01'S, 44°19'W), in the coastal zone of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were analyzed in order to study their metazoan parasite infracommunities. Ten species of metazoan parasites were collected: 4 digeneans, 1 cestode, 1 acantocephalan, 2 nematodes, 1 copepod, and 1 hirudinean; 77.7% of the fishes were parasitized by one or more metazoan, with a mean of 3.5 ± 6.2 parasite/fish. Digenean was the most dominant with 4 species that accounted for 53.2% of the total parasites collected; Ergasilus sp. was the most abundant species. Abundance and prevalence of Parahemiurus merus (Linton, 1910) were positively correlated with the total length of host. Relationships between total body length of fish and both total parasite abundance and mean parasite species richness were observed. Mean parasite diversity of species was correlated to host's total length, with significant differences found between male and female fishes. Two pairs of larval species showed significant positive association and covariation. The metazoan parasite infracommunities of A. tricolor presented dominance of larval endoparasites; correlation of parasite abundance, diversity, and species richness with host total length; and low number of parasite interspecific relationships. The parasite community of A. tricolor showed some similarities with the parasite community of another South American Atlantic engraulid.

scholarly journals Community ecology of metazoan parasites of the later juvenile common snook Centropomus undecimalis (Osteichthyes: Centropomidae) from the coastal zone of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2004 ◽  
Vol 64 (3a) ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. R. Tavares ◽  
J. L. Luque
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Total Body Length ◽  
The State ◽  
Metazoan Parasites ◽  
Centropomus Undecimalis ◽  
Common Snook ◽  
Total Body

Between April and December 2000, seventy-nine specimens of Centropomus undecimalis from Angra dos Reis, coastal zone of the State of Rio de Janeiro (23º01'S, 44º19'W), Brazil, were necropsied to study their infracommunities of metazoan parasites. Nine species of metazoan parasites were collected: 1 digenean, 1 monogenean, 1 acantocephalan, 1 nematode, 4 copepods, and 1 isopod, and 96.2% of the fishes were parasitized by one or more metazoan, with mean of 85.3 ± 122.9 parasite/fish. The digenean Acanthocollaritrema umbilicatum Travassos, Freitas & Bührnheim represented the majority of the parasites specimens collected, totaling, 94.7%. This species was the most abundant, prevalent, and dominant, showing positive correlation with the host's total body length and parasite abundance. The copepod species Acantholochus unisagittatus Tavares & Luque presented differences in abundance in relation to sex of host. The mean diversity in the infracommunities of C. undecimalis was H = 0.095 ± 0.116, with no correlation with the host's total body length but correlated with the host's sex. No pair of parasite species showed positive or negative association or covariation. The dominance of digenean A. umbilicatum in the later juvenile common snook parasite community could be related with the predatory food habits of common snook and an apparent feeding transition period which might occasion great exposure to infective forms.

scholarly journals Parasite community of Pagrus pagrus(Sparidae) from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: evidence of temporal stability

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Aparecida Soares ◽  
Fabiano Matos Vieira ◽  
José Luis Luque
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Interspecific Associations ◽  
Host Sex ◽  
Seasonal Factor ◽  
Pagrus Pagrus ◽  
Year 2000

One hundred specimens of Pagrus pagrus were necropsied for parasitological study between January and February 2012. These data were compared with data from 90 specimens that had been examined in the year 2000. The fish were collected from Cabo Frio (21-23 ° S, 41-45 ° W), in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In the current study a total of 19 parasite species were collected. Sixteen of these were collected in the samples of both 2012 and 2000, thus totaling 25 parasite species in the two studies. All the results were similar to those of the previous study with regard to: dominance of anisakid nematode larvae; correlation between abundance of parasites and host body size; absence of correlations between the size of parasite infrapopulations and host sex; and scarcity of interspecific associations. The only difference between the studies was in the abundance values for Anisakidae, which could be correlated with the seasonal factor of the collection period, which was concentrated in the summer. This is also the period of the South Atlantic Central Water (SACW) phenomenon, during which there is greater host reproductive activity. Therefore, significant stability of the metazoan community structure of P. pagrus was shown.

Interactions between parasites of the cockleAustrovenus stutchburyi: hitch-hikers, resident-cleaners, and habitat-facilitators

Parasitology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. F. LEUNG ◽  
R. POULIN
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
Transmission Route ◽  
Interspecific Associations ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Austrovenus Stutchburyi ◽  
Rate Of Accumulation

The patterns of association between parasites within a particular host are determined by a number of factors. One of these factors is whether or not infection by one parasite influences the probability of acquiring other parasite species. This study investigates the pattern of association between various parasites of the New Zealand cockleAustrovenus stutchburyi. Hundreds of cockles were collected from one locality within Otago Harbour, New Zealand and examined for trematode metacercariae and other symbionts. Two interspecific associations emerged from the study. First, the presence of the myicolid copepodPseudomyicola spinosuswas positively associated with higher infection intensity by echinostomes. The side-effect of the copepod's activities within the cockle is suggested as the proximate mechanism that facilitates infection by echinostome cercariae, leading to a greater rate of accumulation of metacercariae in cockles harbouring the copepod. Second, a positive association was also found between infection intensity of the metacercariae of foot-encysting echinostomes and that of gymnophallid metacercariae. This supports earlier findings and suggests that the gymnophallid is a hitch-hiker parasite because, in addition to the pattern of positive association, it (a) shares the same transmission route as the echinostomes, and (b) unlike the echinostomes, it is not capable of increasing the host's susceptibility to avian predation. Thus, both active hitch-hiking and incidental facilitation lead to non-random infection patterns in this parasite community.

scholarly journals Community ecology of the metazoan parasites of namorado sandperches, Pseudopercis numida Miranda-Ribeiro, 1903 and P. semifasciata Cuvier, 1829 (Perciformes: Pinguipedidae), from the coastal zone of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
JL. Luque ◽  
NN. Felizardo ◽  
LER. Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Component Community ◽  
New Host ◽  
Metazoan Parasites ◽  
Parasite Abundance ◽  
Parasite Species Richness ◽  
Total Length

One hundred and twenty-eight specimens of namorado sandperches, 62 P. numida and 66 P. semifasciata, collected between October 2002 and June 2003 off the Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Lat 23° S and Long 42° W), were examined to study their metazoan parasites. Parasite communities of these fish were composed basically of endoparasites, mainly digenean and cestodes species, with low prevalence and abundance but having high parasite species richness values (at the component community level). Among these values, that found for P. numida is the highest so far recorded for marine fishes from the Neotropical Region. Thirty-nine species of metazoan parasites were collected: 36 from P. numida and 28 from P. semifasciata. Twenty-five parasite species were common to both species of namorado sandperches. Pseudopercis numida and P. semifasciata are new host records for all parasite species collected, with the exception of Microcotyle pseudopercis. Choanodera sp., Leurodera decora, Neolebouria georgenascimentoi, and Proctoeces sp. which were recorded for the first time in the South American Atlantic Ocean. Gnathia sp. from P. numida and Scolex pleuronectis from P. semifasciata were the species having the greatest dominance frequency. Parasite abundance in P. numida and P. semifasciata were positively correlated with the host total length. Only in P. numida was parasite species richness correlated positively with the host total length. No significant differences between endoparasite infracommunities of P. numida and P. semifasciata were detected. The ectoparasites of P. numida had higher values for parasite abundance, parasite richness, Brillouin index, evenness index, and Berger-Parker index than those of the ectoparasites of P. semifasciata. Comparisons among all ecto- and endoparasites showed the ectoparasites of P. numida as the most heterogeneous group. Low similarity values were observed among the three types of parasite infracommunities of the two hosts.

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