scholarly journals Pequenos mamíferos não-voadores (Didelphimorphia, Rodentia) em campos litorâneos do extremo sul do Brasil

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 284-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Marques Quintela ◽  
Bruno Igure Gonçalves ◽  
Gabriel Eberts Trindade ◽  
Maurício Beux dos Santos ◽  
Alexandro Marques Tozetti
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Habitat Occupancy ◽  
Representative Species ◽  
Oligoryzomys Flavescens ◽  
Cavia Aperea ◽  
Calomys Laucha

Non-volant small mammals are key elements in natural environments due its importance as food resource. This study aimed to investigate the species composition and habitat occupancy by non-volant small mammals (Didelphimorphia, Rodentia) in a coastal grassland area in southern Rio Grande do Sul coastal plain. Between April 2009 and March 2010 pitffal traps were used to capture small mammals in coastal grasslands associated to sand dunes and arbustive Restinga. We sampled 180 individuals including two marsupials (Cryptonanus guahybae and Didelphis albiventris) and seven rodent species (Calomys laucha, Cavia aperea, Ctenomys flamarioni, Deltamys kempi, Oligoryzomys flavescens, Oxymycterus nasutus and Scapteromys tumidus). Cryptonanus guahybae, D. albiventris and C. flamarioni were captured only in dunes while C. aperea and O. nasutus were recorded only in arbustive Restinga habitats. Calomys laucha, D. kempi, O. flavescens and O. nasutus were captured in both habitats. Oligoryzomys flavescens and C. laucha were the most representative species in both habitats, comprising respectively 40.7 and 38.9% of captures in dunes and 56.3 and 34.9% of captures in Restinga habitats. The species richness recorded in the sampled coastal grasslands area was lower than those previously recorded in subtropical forest coastal systems.

scholarly journals Small mammals (Didelphimorphia, Rodentia and Chiroptera) from Pampean Region, Argentina

Check List ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando J. Fernández ◽  
Fabricio Idoeta ◽  
César García-Esponda ◽  
Joaquín D. Carrera ◽  
Germán J. Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
First Record ◽  
Buenos Aires Province ◽  
Pampean Region ◽  
Akodon Azarae ◽  
Mammal Assemblages ◽  
Oligoryzomys Flavescens ◽  
Cavia Aperea ◽  
Owl Pellets

We studied small mammal assemblages recovered from owl pellets collected at 11 locations throughout the Argentina’s Pampean Region. We identified 21 species, including two marsupials, one bat, and 18 rodents. From the analysis of this dataset, we could distinguish three main groups of small mammals that currently inhabit the Pampean Region: 1) a group of taxa related to Pampean agroecosystems (Calomys spp., Akodon azarae, and Oligoryzomys flavescens); 2) a group of Brazilian species (Cavia aperea, Oxymycterus rufus, Necromys lasiurus, Necromys obscurus, Holochilus brasiliensis, and Monodelphis dimidiata); and 3) a group including species from Patagonia, Espinal and Monte phytogeographic provinces (Microcavia australis, Oligoryzomys longicaudatus, Eligmodontia typus, Graomys griseoflavus, and Akodon molinae). In addition, we documented the first record of a species of the large-bodied group of Calomys in Buenos Aires province, expanding its distribution ca. 420 km southward.

scholarly journals MÉTODOS CLÁSSICOS DE SEDIMENTOLOGIA APLICADOS À IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE DEPÓSITOS COSTEIROS COMO FERRAMENTA AO LICENCIAMENTO AMBIENTAL (CLASSICAL METHODS OF SEDIMENTOLOGY APPLIED TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF COASTAL DEPOSITS AS A TOOL TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL LICENSING)

2019 ◽  
pp. 180-199
Author(s):  
Renata Cardia Rebouças ◽  
Felipe Castro
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Coastal Environments ◽  
Beach Ridges ◽  
Sedimentary Environments ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
Sedimentary Deposit ◽  
Coastal Deposits

RESUMO:A classificação de ambientes costeiros pode ser uma tarefa complexa. O estudo da geomorfologia na identificação de ambientes sedimentares necessita de uma validação. Não raro, feições como cordões litorâneos são confundidas com dunas. O depósito sedimentar em forma de dunas fica melhor caracterizado quando realizados estudos sedimentológicos, nos quais são observados os parâmetros granulométricos e a morfoscopia dos grãos. Neste trabalho estes métodos clássicos de sedimentologia foram aplicados aos sedimentos de testemunhos coletados na planície costeira da localidade de Mosqueiro (SE). A análise granulométrica e morfoscópica mostrou que, apesar de os sedimentos possuírem algumas características peculiares às areias de dunas, como uma granulometria fina, assimetria positiva tendendo para os finos e distribuição leptocúrtica da curva gaussiana, os sedimentos apresentam outras características como a seleção moderada e a superfície predominantemente polida que indicam que estes depósitos não foram formados exclusivamente pelo transporte eólico. O transporte misto, ora pela água, ora pelo vento, aponta para um ambiente de cordões litorâneos. Embora estes depósitos não tenham sido considerados dunas, é importante não construir na faixa de variação natural da praia para se evitar problemas com erosão costeira, bem como garantir a conservação ambiental e a segurança das pessoas e do patrimônio.Palavras-chave: Granulometria; Morfoscopia; Dunas; Cordões Litorâneos. ABSTRACT:The classification of coastal environments could be a complex task. The study of geomorphology in the identification of sedimentary environments requires validation. Often, features like beach ridges are confused with dunes. The sedimentary deposit in the form of dunes is better characterized when sedimentological studies are carried out, in which granulometric parameters and grain morphoscopy are observed. In this work, these classical methods of sedimentology were applied to the sediments of the samples collected in the coastal plain of Mosqueiro (SE). The granulometric and morphoscopic analysis showed that, although the sediments have some characteristics peculiar to the sand dunes, such as fine granulometry, positive asymmetry tending to the fines and leptokurtic distribution of the Gaussian curve, the sediments present other characteristics such as moderate selection and surface that indicate that these deposits were not formed exclusively by the wind transport. The mixed transport, sometimes by the water, or by the wind, points to an environment of coastal strings. Although these deposits have not been considered as dunes, it is important not to build on the natural range of the beach to avoid problems with coastal erosion, as well as to guarantee environmental conservation and the safety of people and property.Keywords: Granulometry; Morphoscopy; Dune; Beach Ridges.

scholarly journals Entomopathogens : role of insect pest management in crops

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
AMAR BAHADUR BAHADUR
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Insect Pest Management ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

Entomopathogens are microorganisms that pathogenic to insect pest. Several species of naturally occurring viz; fungi, bacteria, viruses and nematodes, infect a variety of insect pests and play an important role in agricultural crops controlling insect pest management.  This kind of biopesticide has many advantages and alternative to chemical insecticides, highly specific, safe, and environmentally sustainable. Pest problems are an almost inevitable part of agriculture. They occur largely because agricultural systems are simplified and modifications of natural ecosystems. Viruses, bacteria are host specific and fungi generally have broader host range and can infect both underground and aboveground pests, soil-dwelling nature nematodes are more suitable for managing soil pests. Growing crops in monoculture provides concentrated food resource that allows pest populations to achieve higher densities in natural environments. Some of the most important problems occur when pests develop resistance to chemical pesticides. These cause highly significant damage to crops, there are also threats from emerging new strains of pests. Crops cultivation can make the physico-chemical environment more favourable for pest activity. Agricultural pests are reducing the yield and quality of produce by feeding on crops, transmitting diseases. Agricultural production significantly loss crop yields, suggest that improvements in pest management are significant forward for improving yields. Crop growers are under immense pressure to reduce the use of chemical pesticides without sacrificing yields, but at the same time manage of pests is becoming difficult due to pesticide resistance and the decreasing availability of products. Alternative methods are needed urgently. These need to be used as part of Integrated Pest Management safety and environmental impact.  

scholarly journals Non-volant small mammals (Rodentia and Didelphimorphia) diversity in an isolated area of the Serra da Mantiqueira, Minas Gerais state, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 643-662
Author(s):  
Michel Barros Faria ◽  
Rayque De Oliveira Lanes ◽  
Cibele Rodrigues Bonvicino
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Extreme North ◽  
Oligoryzomys Flavescens ◽  
First Time ◽  
Excellent Tool ◽  
High Diversity ◽  
Southeastern Atlantic

The southeastern Atlantic Forest of the Zona da Mata Mineira is located in the extreme north of Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The Serra da Mantiqueira, is a mountainous region with a high diversity of small non-volant mammal species, several of which are rare species or endemic lineages. The presence of cryptic species in small mammals makes the karyotype an excellent tool for identification and detection of new lineages. We analyzed the karyotype of 14 species: 11 rodents – Abrawayaomys ruschii, Akodon cursor, Blarinomys breviceps, Delomys sublineatus, Juliomys ossitenuis, Oligoryzomys nigripes, Oligoryzomys flavescens, Oxymycterus dasytrichus, Rhipidomys tribei, Sooretamys angouya, and Thaptomys nigrita; and three marsupials – Monodelphis scalops, Philander quica, and Marmosops incanus. We described for the first time the fundamental autosomal number and the morphology of sex chromosomes of Abrawayaomys ruschii, a rare sigmodontine species, and described a new karyotype for Blarinomys. The revision of published karyotypes of the species herein studied enabled the expansion of the geographic distribution of Oligoryzomys nigripes and Delomys sublineatus.

scholarly journals Richness and community structure of sand dunes (restinga) in Santa Catarina: subsidies for ecological restoration

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
Pedro Yuri Ribeiro ◽  
João Carlos Ferreira de Melo Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
H Index ◽  
Degraded Area ◽  
Restoration Work ◽  
Oriented Parallel

The coast of Balneario Piçarras city (Santa Catarina) is being constantly degraded by human action. This study aimed to characterize the richness and vegetation structure of two areas of herbaceous restinga (preserved and degraded) of the coastal plain of this city. The flora was mapped by using the patrolling method. Identification was done by comparative morphology and specialized bibliography. The phytosociology was based on the plot method with allocation oriented parallel to the coast line. There were 48 species, 44 genera and 22 families identified. Fabaceae, Asteraceae and Poaceae are the richest families. The H’ index was 3.9 in the preserved area and 2.1 in the degraded area. The community structure was represented by eight and 16 species in the degraded and preserved areas, respectively. In degraded areas, species as Spartina ciliata, Ipomoea pes-caprae, Sphagneticola trilobata and Paspalum vaginatum have the greater importance of coverage, structuring the community. In the preserved area, the organization structure of the community is given by Canavalia rosea, Remirea maritima, Stenotaphrum secundatum, Spartina ciliata and Acicarpha spathulata species. These species are considered pioneers and with a great potential of fixing dunes, which reflects their importance to the achievement of a future restoration work of the damaged area of the restinga in question.

scholarly journals Long-nosed potoroo (Potorous tridactylus) behaviour and handling times when foraging for buried truffles

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Vernes ◽  
Peter Jarman
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Important Food ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Rate Of Recovery ◽  
Potorous Tridactylus

Truffles represent an important food resource for many small mammals, but because most mycophagous mammals are difficult to observe in the wild, behavioural observations of mammals handling and consuming truffles are almost non-existent. Using camera traps, we observed the behaviour of long-nosed potoroos (Potorous tridactylus) foraging for buried truffles, and recorded the rate at which truffles were excavated and consumed. Potoroos excavated buried truffles rapidly (2.4 ± 0.2 s) with synchronous drawing strokes of their forepaws, then gathered the excavated truffles with forepaws and/or mouth and cleaned away adherent debris before consuming the truffle. When potoroos were unsuccessful at recovering a truffle, they spent significantly more time digging (4.8 ± 0.6 s) before giving up. Potoroos were successful at recovering a truffle in 76% of digging attempts, and once they had located a cache of buried truffles, achieved a rate of recovery of ~2.4 truffles per minute.

scholarly journals Some Problems in Engineering Geology Caused by Permafrost in the Arctic Coastal Plain, Northern Alaska

ARCTIC ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Robert F. Black
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Engineering Geology ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Northern Alaska ◽  
Engineering Projects

Deals with permafrost as the controlling influence on certain engineering projects as observed during field studies, 1945-1951. Its direct and indirect effects on transportation, surface and underground exploration, construction and durability of structures, water supply, sewage disposal, drilling for and production of oil and gas are considered, but no attempt is made to present an overall survey. "Overland transportation is hampered most in the spring breakup and fall freeze-up periods; excavation can be made only in summer in the active layer unless special methods are used. Bench marks can be set properly only in adequately drained backfill to 10 m. depth. Foundation excavations must be kept nearly dry; construction material for roads is lacking except locally. Steel landing mats and concrete can be used safely on gravel beaches for landing strips; small airstrips can be built on sand dunes with little grading and little danger of affecting the permafrost. A frozen runway of pycrete or icecrete utilizing turf and surface soil as the foundation and permafrost as a cold reserve in a heat exchanger is recommended for areas lacking suitable materials."--SIPRE.

Dark Island heath (Ninety-mile Plain, South Australia). II. The effects of microtopography on climate, soils, and vegetation

1957 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Rayson
Keyword(s):  
Sand Dunes ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Vegetation Pattern ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Vegetation Communities ◽  
Representative Species ◽  
Westerly Winds ◽  
The Individual

The topography of the experimental area at Dark Island is described as a series of crescentic sand dunes formed under the influence of westerly winds and separated by undulating sandplain. Variation in the heath vegetation of the area in relation to topography was described by means of the varying densities of 12 representative species. These densities indicated the individual growth tolerances of the vegetation components. One hundred and twenty-six quadrats sampled from different topographical positions were sorted into homogeneous groups by the method of positive interspecific correlation. The four resultant vegetation communities were located respectively on eastern dune slopes, western dune slopes, sandplain, and in scattered sites. Examination of soil texture, rainfall incidence, and average daily hours of direct sunlight in relation to topography showed that three microhabitats can be separated: namely, eastern and western dune slopes and the sandplain. Eastern dune slopes have the most favourable growth conditions, western the least favourable. Neither the vegetation communities nor the microhabitats could be sharply delimited. The gradual changes of soil and microclimate produced a varying but continuous vegetation pattern. This pattern depended on the growth tolerances of different species and probably also on interspecific competition for the more favourable growth sites.

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