Studies on coccidian oocysts (Apicomplexa: Eucoccidiorida)

The oocysts of the coccidia are robust structures, frequently isolated from the feces or urine of their hosts, which provide resistance to mechanical damage and allow the parasites to survive and remain infective for prolonged periods. The diagnosis of coccidiosis, species description and systematics, are all dependent upon characterization of the oocyst. Therefore, this review aimed to the provide a critical overview of the methodologies, advantages and limitations of the currently available morphological, morphometrical and molecular biology based approaches that may be utilized for characterization of these important structures. It has become apparent that no single methodology is sufficient to fully characterize these structures and the majority of researchers favor the use of combinational or polyphasic approaches.

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MALAT1 as a Versatile Regulator of Cancer: Overview of the updates from Predatory role as Competitive Endogenous RNA to Mechanistic In-sights

Current Cancer Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1568009620999200730183110 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

Author(s):

Ammad Ahmad Farooqi ◽

Evangelia Legaki ◽

Maria Gazouli ◽

Silvia Rinaldi ◽

Rossana Berardi

Keyword(s):

Molecular Biology ◽

Detailed Analysis ◽

Signaling Pathways ◽

Individualized Medicine ◽

Signaling Cascades ◽

Oncogenic Signaling ◽

Non Coding Rnas ◽

Oncogenic Signaling Pathways ◽

Competitive Endogenous Rna

: Central dogma of molecular biology has remained cornerstone of classical molecular biology but serendipitous discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) in nematodes paradigmatically shifted our current understanding of the intricate mech-anisms which occur during transitions from transcription to translation. Discovery of miRNA captured tremendous attention and appreciation and we had witnessed an explosion in the field of non-coding RNAs. Ground-breaking discoveries in the field of non-coding RNAs have helped in better characterization of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs). There is an ever-increasing list of miRNA targets which are regulated by MALAT1 to stimulate or repress expression of tar-get genes. However, in this review our main focus is to summarize mechanistic insights related to MALAT1-mediated regu-lation of oncogenic signaling pathways. We have discussed how MALAT1 modulated TGF/SMAD and Hippo pathways in various cancers. We have also comprehensively summarized how JAK/STAT and Wnt/β-catenin pathways stimulated MALAT1 expression and consequentially how MALAT1 potentiated these signaling cascades to promote cancer. MALAT1 research has undergone substantial broadening however, there is still a need to identify additional mechanisms. MALAT1 is involved in multi-layered regulation of multiple transduction cascades and detailed analysis of different pathways will be helpful in getting a step closer to individualized medicine.

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Molecular biology of rotaviruses. I. Characterization of basic growth parameters and pattern of macromolecular synthesis.

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.39.2.490-496.1981 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 490-496 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

M A McCrae ◽

G P Faulkner-Valle

Keyword(s):

Molecular Biology ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Macromolecular Synthesis

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Neurochemistry of L-Glutamate Transport in the CNS: A Review of Thirty Years of Progress

Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications ◽

10.1135/cccc20011315 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 66 (9) ◽

pp. 1315-1340 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Vladimir J. Balcar ◽

Akiko Takamoto ◽

Yukio Yoneda

Keyword(s):

Molecular Biology ◽

Glutamate Transport ◽

Mammalian Brain ◽

Activity Data ◽

System A ◽

Recent Developments ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Health And Disease ◽

Disease Analysis

The review highlights the landmark studies leading from the discovery and initial characterization of the Na+-dependent "high affinity" uptake in the mammalian brain to the cloning of individual transporters and the subsequent expansion of the field into the realm of molecular biology. When the data and hypotheses from 1970's are confronted with the recent developments in the field, we can conclude that the suggestions made nearly thirty years ago were essentially correct: the uptake, mediated by an active transport into neurons and glial cells, serves to control the extracellular concentrations of L-glutamate and prevents the neurotoxicity. The modern techniques of molecular biology may have provided additional data on the nature and location of the transporters but the classical neurochemical approach, using structural analogues of glutamate designed as specific inhibitors or substrates for glutamate transport, has been crucial for the investigations of particular roles that glutamate transport might play in health and disease. Analysis of recent structure/activity data presented in this review has yielded a novel insight into the pharmacological characteristics of L-glutamate transport, suggesting existence of additional heterogeneity in the system, beyond that so far discovered by molecular genetics. More compounds that specifically interact with individual glutamate transporters are urgently needed for more detailed investigations of neurochemical characteristics of glutamatergic transport and its integration into the glutamatergic synapses in the central nervous system. A review with 162 references.

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Characterization of the photothermal interaction of a semiconducting solid sphere due to the mechanical damage, ramp-Type heating, and rotation under L-S theory

Waves in Random and Complex Media ◽

10.1080/17455030.2021.1916124 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-26

Author(s):

Hamdy M. Youssef ◽

A. A. El-Bary

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Damage ◽

Solid Sphere

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Characterization of bacterial communities on stone monuments by molecular biology tools

Molecular Biology and Cultural Heritage ◽

10.1201/9780203746578-14 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 115-118

Author(s):

F. Palla ◽

L. Anello ◽

S. Pecorella ◽

R. Russo ◽

F. Damiani

Keyword(s):

Molecular Biology ◽

Bacterial Communities ◽

Stone Monuments

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Characterization of the photothermal interaction of a semiconducting solid sphere due to the mechanical damage and rotation under Green-Naghdi theories

Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures ◽

10.1080/15376494.2020.1799123 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Hamdy M. Youssef ◽

A. A. El-Bary

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Damage ◽

Solid Sphere

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Mechanical-Damage Behavior of Mortars Reinforced with Recycled Polypropylene Fibers

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11082200 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 2200 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Gerardo Araya-Letelier ◽

Pablo Maturana ◽

Miguel Carrasco ◽

Federico Carlos Antico ◽

María Soledad Gómez

Keyword(s):

Flexural Strength ◽

Impact Resistance ◽

Mechanical Damage ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Experimental Program ◽

Polypropylene Fibers ◽

Recycled Polypropylene ◽

Formation Of Cracks ◽

Crack Widths

Commercial polypropylene fibers are incorporated as reinforcement of cement-based materials to improve their mechanical and damage performances related to properties such as tensile and flexural strength, toughness, spalling and impact resistance, delay formation of cracks and reducing crack widths. Yet, the production of these polypropylene fibers generates economic costs and environmental impacts and, therefore, the use of alternative and more sustainable fibers has become more popular in the research materials community. This paper addresses the characterization of recycled polypropylene fibers (RPFs) obtained from discarded domestic plastic sweeps, whose morphological, physical and mechanical properties are provided in order to assess their implementation as fiber-reinforcement in cement-based mortars. An experimental program addressing the incorporation of RPFs on the mechanical-damage performance of mortars, including a sensitivity analysis on the volumes and lengths of fiber, is developed. Using analysis of variance, this paper shows that RPFs statistically enhance flexural toughness and impact strength for high dosages and long fiber lengths. On the contrary, the latter properties are not statistically modified by the incorporation of low dosages and short lengths of RPFs, but still in these cases the incorporation of RPFs in mortars have the positive environmental impact of waste encapsulation. In the case of average compressive and flexural strength of mortars, these properties are not statistically modified when adding RPFs.

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QUANTUM CHEMISTRY OF OXIDE SURFACES: FROM CO CHEMISORPTION TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE STRUCTURE AND NATURE OF POINT DEFECTS ON MgO

Surface Review and Letters ◽

10.1142/s0218625x00000336 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 07 (03) ◽

pp. 277-306 ◽

Cited By ~ 132

Author(s):

GIANFRANCO PACCHIONI

Keyword(s):

Single Crystal ◽

Oxide Surfaces ◽

Comparison Of Experiments ◽

Powder Samples ◽

Adsorption Of Co ◽

Single Oxygen ◽

Critical Overview ◽

Mgo Surface ◽

Experimental And Theoretical Studies

The electronic structure and chemisorption properties of the surface of ionic crystals are reviewed, with emphasis on two topics: a critical overview of the experimental and theoretical studies of the adsorption of CO on single crystal and polycrystalline MgO, and a discussion on the most important defect centers at the MgO surface — low-coordinated sites, single oxygen and magnesium vacancies, divacancies, and impurity or substitutional atoms. The two subjects are to some extent interconnected. From the detailed theoretical and experimental study of the adsorption of a nonreactive molecule like CO and from the comparison of experiments done on single crystal or thin films and on powder samples, one can learn about the nature and concentration of the defects at the surface. A more precise characterization of defects requires, however, a careful spectroscopic investigation and a direct comparison with quantum-chemical calculations of both geometric structure and observable properties. The combined theoretical–experimental approach offers new opportunities for a better understanding of the complexity of oxide surfaces.

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