Dental Maturation in Children with the Syndrome of Crouzon and Apert

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 639-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacobus H. Reitsma ◽  
Inge H. Balk-Leurs ◽  
Edwin M. Ongkosuwito ◽  
Evert Wattel ◽  
Birte Prahl-Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Apert Syndrome ◽  
Crouzon Syndrome ◽  
Tooth Formation ◽  
Dental Maturation ◽  
Panoramic Radiographs ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Logistic Functions ◽  
Over Time

Purpose Developing teeth are used to assess maturity and estimate age in a number of disciplines. The purpose of this investigation was to study the dental maturation in children with Crouzon or Apert syndrome compared with nonsyndromic controls. Patients and Methods Records of 40 children with Crouzon syndrome (18 boys and 22 girls, aged 4.0 to 17.9 years) and 28 children with Apert syndrome (10 boys and 18 girls, aged 3.9 to 15.1 years) were referred to the Department of Orthodontics, Cleft Palate Team and Craniofacial Team, Erasmus MC–Sophia. Data from syndromic children were compared with data from 451 nonsyndromic children (225 boys and 226 girls, aged 2.9 to 16.9 years). From panoramic radiographs, dental maturation was determined for patients with Crouzon and Apert syndromes and compared with data collected from control children. Logistic functions were constructed for dental maturation over time for syndromes and gender. Results Statistically significant gender differences in dental maturation scores were found for girls with Crouzon ( P < .05) and Apert syndrome ( P < .05). Patients with Apert syndrome demonstrated a significantly delayed dental maturation ( P < .05), while patients with Crouzon syndrome showed a nonsignificant delay. Conclusions Dental maturation in patients with Apert syndrome was more delayed than in patients with Crouzon syndrome. The delay of tooth formation in patients with Crouzon or Apert syndrome suggests a possible common genetic association.

scholarly journals The Development of Vocational Interests in Early Adolescence: Stability, Change, and State-Trait Components

2021 ◽  
pp. 089020702110356
Author(s):  
Thomas Gfrörer ◽  
Gundula Stoll ◽  
Sven Rieger ◽  
Ulrich Trautwein ◽  
Benjamin Nagengast
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Vocational Interests ◽  
Late Childhood ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Stability Change ◽  
Trait Variance ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Over Time

Vocational interests predict major life outcomes such as job performance, college major choice, and life goals. It is therefore important to gain a better understanding of their development during the crucial years of late childhood and early adolescence, when trait-like interests are starting to develop. The present study investigated the development of vocational interests in a longitudinal sample, comprising N = 3,876 participants—assessed at four time points from ages 11 to 14. Stability, state-trait variance components, mean-level development, and gender differences in mean-levels of Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional (RIASEC) dimensions were examined. Stabilities were moderate for all dimensions, but Realistic, Investigative, Social, and Conventional interests became more stable over time. For Realistic, Artistic, Social, and Conventional interests, the trait variance increased over time. At age 14, all dimensions had substantial trait variance components. The mean-levels of Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, and Conventional interests decreased over the 3 years (–0.44 <  d < –0.24). Initial gender differences—with girls having higher Artistic and Social interests and boys having higher Realistic and Investigative interests—increased over time. By investigating the development of vocational interests in late childhood and early adolescence, we complement previous findings and provide first insights about state-trait proportions in early adolescence.

scholarly journals The stories that make us: Leaders’ origin stories and temporal identity work

2020 ◽  
pp. 001872672090986
Author(s):  
Wei Zheng ◽  
Alyson Meister ◽  
Brianna Barker Caza
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Women Leaders ◽  
Identity Work ◽  
Work Lives ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Leader Identity ◽  
Origin Stories ◽  
Four Frames ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Over Time

The stories we tell about our origins can shape how we think and act – helping us make sense of and communicate who we have “become” over time. To better understand the role that origin stories play in individuals’ work lives, we explore how 92 men and women leaders make sense of “becoming” a leader (origin stories) and “doing” leadership (enactment stories). We find that, despite the uniqueness of their experiences, their narratives converge around four frames, being, engaging, performing, and accepting, through which they understand, articulate, and enact their leader identities. We theorize that these narrative frames serve as sensemaking and identity work devices which allow them to create temporal coherence, validate their leader identity claims, and offer them behavioral scripts. Our findings also unearth key gender differences in the use of these frames, in that men used the performing frame more often and women tended toward the engaging frame. These findings provide novel insights into the ways in which the gendered context of leadership becomes embedded in leaders’ understandings of who they are and what they intend to do in their roles. We discuss the theoretical implications of our findings on scholarly conversations around identity, leadership, and gender.

Birth, marriage and death in illegitimacy: a study in northern Portugal

1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augusto Abade ◽  
Jaume Bertranpetit
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
North East ◽  
Northern Portugal ◽  
Infant And Child Mortality ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Demographic Patterns ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

SummaryIn populations in which the frequency of illegitimacy is high, illegitimates and legitimates may be subjected to different demographic and social pressures, with social and genetic consequences. A rural population from north-east Portugal is studied and variables from birth, marriage and death records are compared according to the legitimacy of the individuals. The analysis shows important differential demographic patterns in infant and child mortality and in migration prior to and related to marriage, especially in women. Some changes over time and gender differences are also evident.

scholarly journals Job Mobility, Tenure, and Promotions in Political Science PhD-Granting Departments, 2002–2017: Cohort, Gender, and Citation-Count Effects

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 684-690
Author(s):  
Hannah June Kim ◽  
Bernard Grofman
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Citation Count ◽  
Job Mobility ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Gender Composition ◽  
The Political ◽  
Citation Counts ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTUsing updated data from 2002 and 2017 on the political science discipline, we show how the cohort and gender composition of US PhD-granting departments has changed dramatically over time. Integrating 2002 and 2017 data, we examine overall patterns and gender differences in job mobility, tenure and promotion, and university prestige level among non-emeritus 2002 faculty, controlling for cohort effects. Even with this control, we find strong gender effects in some of these success dimensions. We then introduce another variable, citation counts, and find that women are consistently less cited than men, with important variations in the pattern across different cohorts. A control for citation counts show that some of these gender differences tend to disappear and we consider possible explanations for these findings.

Effects of Caffeine and Gender on Vigilance and Marksmanship

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (23) ◽  
pp. 1217-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard F. Johnson ◽  
Donna J. Merullo
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Target Detection ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Detection Response ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Over Time

Sentry duty performance requires both rifle marksmanship accuracy and sufficient attention to detect the infrequent appearance of targets. Research has shown that marksmanship accuracy is in part a function of arm-hand steadiness, that arm-hand steadiness may be better in women than men, and that in men 200 mg caffeine heightens alertness and attenuates vigilance decrements. Study objectives were: (a) evaluate gender differences in speed of target detection and rifle firing accuracy during three hours of simulated sentry duty, and (b) determine if 200 mg caffeine enhances sentry duty performance in women as it has been shown to do in men. Twelve men and 12 women were pre-trained on the Weaponeer M16 Rifle Marksmanship Simulator. During 3-hour test sessions, the participant monitored the target scene of the Weaponeer and fired at targets when they appeared. For both men and women, target detection response time deteriorated with time on sentry duty and vigilance decrements were attenuated by 200 mg caffeine. For men, marksmanship accuracy was constant over time; for women, marksmanship accuracy deteriorated after 1.5 hours.

scholarly journals Laryngeal Cancer in Kazakhstan - Ethnic, Age and Gender Differences over Time

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 7033-7037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurbek Igissinov ◽  
Vera Zatoskikh ◽  
Malcolm Anthony Moore ◽  
Saginbek Igissinov ◽  
Gulmira Aldiyarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Laryngeal Cancer ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Age And Gender Differences ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals The Development of Vocational Interests in Early Adolescence: Stability, Change, and State-Trait Components

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Gfrörer ◽  
Gundula Stoll ◽  
Sven Rieger ◽  
Ulrich Trautwein ◽  
Benjamin Nagengast
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Vocational Interests ◽  
Late Childhood ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Stability Change ◽  
Trait Variance ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Over Time

Vocational interests predict major life outcomes such as job performance, college major choice, and life goals. It is therefore important to gain a better understanding of their development during the crucial years of late childhood and early adolescence, when trait-like interests are starting to develop. The present study investigated the development of vocational interests in a longitudinal sample, comprising N = 3,876 participants—assessed at four time points from ages 11 to 14. Stability, state-trait variance components, mean-level development, and gender differences in mean-levels of Holland’s (1997) RIASEC dimensions were examined. Stabilities were moderate for all dimensions, but Realistic, Investigative, Social, and Conventional interests became more stable over time. For Realistic, Artistic, Social, and Conventional interests, the trait variance increased over time. At age 14, all dimensions had substantial trait variance components. The mean-levels of Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, and Conventional interests decreased over the 3 years (-0.44 &lt; d &lt; -0.24). Initial gender differences—with girls having higher Artistic and Social interests and boys having higher Realistic and Investigative interests—increased over time. By investigating the development of vocational interests in late childhood and early adolescence, we complement previous findings and provide first insights about state-trait proportions in early adolescence.

Brief Report. The PCL-R and Gender

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Grann
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
Violent Offenders ◽  
Matched Pairs ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist Revised ◽  
And Gender

Summary: Hare's Psychopathy Checklist - Revised (PCL-R; Hare, 1991 ) was originally constructed for use among males in correctional and forensic settings. In this study, the PCL-R protocols of 36 matched pairs of female and male violent offenders were examined with respect to gender differences. The results indicated a few significant differences. By means of discriminant analysis, male Ss were distinguished from their female counterparts through their relatively higher scores on “callous/lack of empathy” (item 8) and “juvenile delinquency” (item 18), whereas the female Ss scored relatively higher on “promiscuous sexual behavior” (item 11). Some sources of bias and possible implications are discussed.

Personal Problem Solving of Partners in Divorce Proceedings

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tereza Soukupova ◽  
Petr Goldmann
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Thematic Apperception Test ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Personal Problem ◽  
Thematic Apperception ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Given

Abstract. The Thematic Apperception Test is one of the most frequently administered apperceptive techniques. Formal scoring systems are helpful in evaluating story responses. TAT stories, made by 20 males and 20 females in the situation of legal divorce proceedings, were coded for detection and comparison of their personal problem solving ability. The evaluating instrument utilized was the Personal Problem Solving System-Revised (PPSS-R) as developed by G. F. Ronan. The results indicate that in relation to card 1, men more often than women saw the cause of the problem as removable. With card 6GF, women were more motivated to resolve the given problem than were men, women had a higher personal control and their stories contained more optimism compared to men’s stories. In relation to card 6BM women, more often than men, used emotions generated from the problem to orient themselves within the problem. With card 13MF, the men’s level of stress was less compared to that of the women, and men were more able to plan within the context of problem-solving. Significant differences in the examined groups were found in those cards which depicted significant gender and parental potentials. The TAT can be used to help identify personality characteristics and gender differences.

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