scholarly journals Effects of Spirotetramat on Aonidiella aurantii (Homoptera: Diaspididae) and Its Parasitoid, Aphytis melinus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 2126-2134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cruz Garcerá ◽  
Yuling Ouyang ◽  
Sara J. Scott ◽  
Enrique Moltó ◽  
Elizabeth E. Grafton-Cardwell
Keyword(s):  
Aonidiella Aurantii ◽  
Aphytis Melinus

Toxicity of malathion to California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Mask.) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae)

1973 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Abdelrahman
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Linear Function ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Aonidiella Aurantii ◽  
Moult Stage ◽  
Aphytis Melinus ◽  
Pre Treatment

The natural enemies of red scale, Aphytis melinus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), Comperiella bifasciata (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), and Lindorus lophanthae (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) were found to be much more susceptible to malathion than the female red scale in the second moult stage. It is concluded, therefore, that integration of malathion and biological control of red scale does not seem possible. Susceptibility of A. melinus to malathion was found to be a linear function of the duration of starvation prior to treatment. Individuals of A. melinus varied markedly in weight and this was found to be due to the number of parasites developed on one host and on the size of the host. A method based on wing length for estimating after treatment the pre-treatment weight of A. melinus is described, so that a correction for the weight of individuals may be applied. A circadian rhythm of susceptibility of A. melinus to malathion was found. It was shown that A. melinus possesses a mechanism for developing resistance to malathion. In eight generations of selection it had become 3.4 times more resistant and still had potential for further increase in resistance if selection were continued.

Population Dynamics of the California Red Scale, Aonidiella aurantii Maskell, and Its Parasitoid, Aphytis melinus (Howard), in Grapefruit Orchards in Turkey

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevcan Oztemiz ◽  
Ferda Yarpuzlu ◽  
Mehmet Karacaoglu
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Aonidiella Aurantii ◽  
Parasitization Rate ◽  
Aphytis Melinus ◽  
Second Stage

The purpose of this study was to define the population dynamics of the California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii Maskell (Heteroptera: Homoptera: Diaspididae), and its parasitoid, Aphytis melinus (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), released to control the scale in grapefruit orchards in Turkey. Results revealed that A. aurantii exhibited 3 generations in the spring, summer, and autumn each year for 2004 and 2005. The highest population density of second-stage larvae occurred on leaves at densities of 18 and 46 individuals per 4 cm2 with the lowest density occurring on stems at levels of 7 and 8 individuals per cm2 in grapefruit in both years. Parasitoid populations increased in the summer and into autumn. Parasitation rate was increased by releasing A. melinus adults in the orchards. In 2004 and 2005, respectively, the highest parasitization rate occurred on infested leaves with 60.8% and 40.8%, followed by infested fruits at 25% and 54.5%, on infested shoots with 36.4% and 19.3%, and on infested stems with 8.33% and 15.4%. Second-stage and unmated females of red scale were most dense during the spring, summer and autumn each year, thus, appearing to be the best time for release of parasitoids. These results suggest that in releasing A. melinus in grapefruit orchards in Turkey, 50% of the parasitoids should be released in early spring, 25% in summer, and 25% in autumn.

scholarly journals Evaluation of d-Limonene and β-Ocimene as Attractants of Aphytis melinus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), a Parasitoid of Aonidiella aurantii (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Citrus spp.

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Khalid Mohammed ◽  
Manjree Agarwal ◽  
Beibei Li ◽  
James Newman ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Chemical Signals ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Aonidiella Aurantii ◽  
Aphytis Melinus ◽  
Volatile Organic

The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from herbivore-infested plants can be used as chemical signals by parasitoids during host location. In this research, we investigated the VOC chemical signals for the parasitoid Aphytis melinus to discriminate between Aonidiella aurantii (California red scale)-infested fruit and non-infested fruit on three different citrus species. First, we identified the chemical stimuli emanating from non-infested and A. aurantii-infested citrus fruits via solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses and identified 34 volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The GC-MS analysis showed qualitative and quantitative differences between VOCs emitted from non-infested and infested citrus fruit. Two VOCs, d-limonene and β-ocimene, were significantly increased in all infested fruit, regardless of the fruit species. The response of the female adult A. melinus to olfactory cues associated with A. aurantii infested fruit was evaluated using a Y-tube olfactometer. In two-choice behavioural assays, A. melinus females preferred infested citrus cues over non-infested fruit. Females showed positive chemotaxis toward these VOCs in all tested combinations involving two dosages of synthetic compounds, d-limonene and β-ocimene, except for d-limonene at a dosage of 10 μL/mL. The application of these VOCs may help to enhance the effectiveness of bio-control programs and parasitoid mass-rearing techniques.

scholarly journals Morphometric comparison between two populations of Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) (Homoptera: Diaspididae) from Algeria and Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 240-244
Author(s):  
K. Boudjemaa ◽  
I. Karaca ◽  
M. Biche
Keyword(s):  
Size Variation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Host Quality ◽  
Parasitism Rate ◽  
Aonidiella Aurantii ◽  
Aphytis Melinus ◽  
Climatic Variations ◽  
Scale Population ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Two Populations

The size of California red scale Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell, 1879) (Homoptera: Diaspididae) is the most reliable indicator in terms of host quality for Aphytis melinus (DeBach, 1959) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) as well as for the efficiency of its biological control. Our study consisted in comparing the cover and body size of each scale developmental stage belonging to two different populations: one from Algeria and the other one from Turkey. The two scale populations were taken from lemon trees during 3 months. We compared measurements between the two localities and also between the plant organs. The larger individuals were those from Algeria. The same results were confirmed through the plant substrate on which scale was fixed: this size variation observed is mainly explained by climatic variations between the two countries and its repercussions on phenology and metabolism of the host plant. In addition, a higher parasitism rate was noticed in the Algerian scale population compared to that of Turkey.

Colonisation of Aphytis melinus DeBach (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae) in Aonidiella aurantii (Mask.) (Hemiptera, Coccidae) on citrus in South Australia

1976 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Efficient Method ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Release Site ◽  
Small Populations ◽  
Aonidiella Aurantii ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Aphytis Melinus ◽  
Early Autumn ◽  
Citrus Orchards ◽  
Control Tree

AbstractAphytis melinus DeBach was introduced to South Australia, reared in the laboratory, and then released against Aonidiella aurantii (Mask.) on citrus. In tests in nine citrus orchards, 100 adults of Aphytis melinus ensured colonisation during summer and early autumn, 1000 during late autumn, but even that number was insufficient during winter. Colonisation was equally successful whether Aonidiella aurantii was very abundant or very rare. The most efficient method for colonisation was therefore to release 100 adult parasites during summer and early autumn into small populations of A. aurantii. The parasite had dispersed at least three trees from each summer release site after five months, but much less following autumn releases. Ten months after summer release into nine trees of a total of 3330 adults, Aphytis melinus was recovered from 286 out of 354 (80%) trees in one orchard. In a further experiment, numbers of Aonidiella aurantii were reduced from 300–1000 per 150 leaves on five trees to less than 10 per 150 leaves 18 months after the release of Aphytis melinus, whereas on a control tree they increased from 550 to 1450 per 150 leaves over nine of those months.

scholarly journals Biology of an Adventive Population of the Armored Scale Rhizaspidiotus donacis, a Biological Control Agent of Arundo donax in California

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 588
Author(s):  
Charles A. Braman ◽  
Adam M. Lambert ◽  
A. Zeynep Özsoy ◽  
Ellen N. Hollstien ◽  
Kirsten A. Sheehy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Arundo Donax ◽  
Giant Reed ◽  
Aphytis Melinus ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Armored Scale ◽  
Riparian Systems

Arundo donax (giant reed) is invasive in Mediterranean, sub-, and tropical riparian systems worldwide. The armored scale Rhizaspidiotus donacis is approved for biocontrol in North America, but an adventive population was recently discovered in southern California. We documented this population’s distribution, phylogeny, phenology, potential host spillover to Phragmites spp., and potential for parasitism by a common biocontrol parasitoid of citrus scale. The adventive scale was found within a single watershed and is genetically closest to Iberian scale genotypes. Rhizaspidiotus donacis developed on Phragmites haplotypes but at much lower densities than Arundo. The adventive population is univoltine, producing crawlers from March-June. Aphytis melinus parasitoids exhibited sustained interest in R. donacis during choice and no-choice trials and oviposition resulted in a small second generation. Rhizaspidiotus donacis appears limited in distribution by its univoltinism and sessile adult females. This presents challenges for broad biocontrol implementation but allows for targeted application. The genetic differentiation between imported biocontrol samples and adventive populations presents an opportunity for exploring benefits of hybrids and/or alternative genotypes where establishment has been difficult. While unlikely to occur in situ, spillover to vulnerable endemic Phragmites or deleterious parasitoid effects on scale biocontrol agents warrants consideration when planning use of R. donacis.

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