Genetic variation of an apterous parasitoid,Haplogonatopus oratorius(Hymenoptera: Dryinidae), affected by host’s long-distance dispersal: The case of coastal areas around Japan (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae)

The genetic structure and morphological variability of species are influenced by both life-history traits and historical factors. We studied morphological and genetic variability in 12 populations of the avalanche lily, Erythronium montanum, representing the four disjunct regions of its geographic range in Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia. Floral traits exhibited significant differences among regions and among populations within regions, but these differences showed no clear geographic pattern, and for all traits there was substantial overlap among populations. In contrast, analysis of isozyme variation indicated a marked north–south gradient in genetic variability. The northernmost populations (from the B.C. Coast Range) had an average of 13% polymorphic loci and 1.13 alleles per locus, whereas southern populations (from the Cascade Mountains) averaged 48% polymorphic loci and 1.67 alleles per locus. The northern populations possessed no unique alleles but contained a subset of the alleles found in regions further south. We conclude that disjunct populations of E. montanum in B.C. probably arose through long-distance dispersal from more southern populations following deglaciation. Keywords: Erythronium montanum, genetic variation, glacial refugia, isozymes, long-distance dispersal, phytogeography.

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Patterns of genetic variation detected by RAPDs suggest a single origin with subsequent mutations and long-distance dispersal in the apomictic fern Dryopteris remota (Dryopteridaceae)

American Journal of Botany ◽

10.2307/2446372 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 85 (7) ◽

pp. 1038-1042 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Jakob Schneller ◽

Rolf Holderegger ◽

Felix Gugerli ◽

Kurt Eichenberger ◽

Eva Lutz

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Long Distance Dispersal ◽

Long Distance ◽

Single Origin

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Genetic variation in the emblematic Puya raimondii (Bromeliaceae) from Huascarán National Park, Peru

Cropp Breeding and Applied Biotechnology ◽

10.1590/s1984-70332013000100008 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 67-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Claudia Teresa Hornung-Leoni ◽

Victoria Sosa ◽

June Simpson ◽

Katia Gil

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Cluster Analysis ◽

Genetic Variation ◽

Gene Flow ◽

Genetic Variability ◽

National Park ◽

Conservation Strategies ◽

Long Distance Dispersal ◽

Long Distance ◽

Mountain Systems

Puya raimondii, the giant Peruvian and Bolivian terrestrial bromeliad, is an emblematic endemic Andean species well represented in Huascarán National Park in Peru. This park is the largest reserve of puna (high altitude plateau) vegetation. The objective of this study is to report on genetic variation in populations of P. raimondii from Huascarán and neighboring areas. AFLP profiles with four selective primer combinations were retrieved for 60 individuals from different zones. Genetic variability was estimated and a total of 172 bands were detected, of which 79.1% were polymorphic loci. The results showed genetic differentiation among populations, and gene flow. A cluster analysis showed that individuals of P. raimondii populations located in different mountain systems could be grouped together, suggesting long distance dispersal. Thus, conservation strategies for P. raimondii have to take into account exchange between populations located far apart in distance in order to preserve the genetic diversity of this showy species.

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Rediscovery of pycnidia in Thamnolia vermicularis: implications for chemotype occurrence and distribution

The Lichenologist ◽

10.1017/s0024282913000017 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 397-411 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Janice M. LORD ◽

Allison KNIGHT ◽

Jennifer M. BANNISTER ◽

Lars R. LUDWIG ◽

William M. MALCOLM ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

English Language ◽

Its Region ◽

Local Scale ◽

Long Distance Dispersal ◽

Long Distance ◽

Apparent Absence ◽

Reproductive Structures ◽

Low Levels ◽

The 19Th Century

AbstractThamnolia vermicularis is a globally widespread arctic-alpine lichen with two distinct chemotypes. The intermixing of these chemotypes at the local scale and lack of genetic variation between them is puzzling given the apparent absence of specialized reproductive structures. Apothecia and conidiomata were originally reported for Thamnolia in the second half of the 19th century, but putative apothecia proved to be parasitic in origin. This study presents conclusive microscopic evidence for the existence of pycnidial conidiomata containing conidia on thalli of Thamnolia vermicularis from geographically widespread locations. Sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA from excised pycnidial conidiomata matched that of thallus tips from individual Thamnolia thalli. Our examination of the historic literature found that the occurrence of pycnidial conidiomata was never disproved, but this information was lost from the post-1920s English-language literature. Our rediscovery of pycnidial conidiomata indicates that Thamnolia vermicularis possesses a reproductive strategy with the potential for long-distance dispersal of multitudes of mitotically produced conidia, providing a plausible explanation for the cosmopolitan distribution of the species and the low levels of genetic variation among populations. Reversible processes, for example alternative splicing, warrant consideration as explanations for chemotype intermixing.

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