scholarly journals Global Greedy Dependency Parsing

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (05) ◽  
pp. 8319-8326
Author(s):  
Zuchao Li ◽  
Hai Zhao ◽  
Kevin Parnow

Most syntactic dependency parsing models may fall into one of two categories: transition- and graph-based models. The former models enjoy high inference efficiency with linear time complexity, but they rely on the stacking or re-ranking of partially-built parse trees to build a complete parse tree and are stuck with slower training for the necessity of dynamic oracle training. The latter, graph-based models, may boast better performance but are unfortunately marred by polynomial time inference. In this paper, we propose a novel parsing order objective, resulting in a novel dependency parsing model capable of both global (in sentence scope) feature extraction as in graph models and linear time inference as in transitional models. The proposed global greedy parser only uses two arc-building actions, left and right arcs, for projective parsing. When equipped with two extra non-projective arc-building actions, the proposed parser may also smoothly support non-projective parsing. Using multiple benchmark treebanks, including the Penn Treebank (PTB), the CoNLL-X treebanks, and the Universal Dependency Treebanks, we evaluate our parser and demonstrate that the proposed novel parser achieves good performance with faster training and decoding.

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (02) ◽  
pp. 395-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
HOLGER PETERSEN

We investigate the efficiency of simulations of storages by several counters. A simulation of a pushdown store is described which is optimal in the sense that reducing the number of counters of a simulator leads to an increase in time complexity. The lower bound also establishes a tight counter hierarchy in exponential time. Then we turn to simulations of a set of counters by a different number of counters. We improve and generalize a known simulation in polynomial time. Greibach has shown that adding s + 1 counters increases the power of machines working in time ns. Using a new family of languages we show here a tight hierarchy result for machines with the same polynomial time-bound. We also prove hierarchies for machines with a fixed number of counters and with growing polynomial time-bounds. For machines with one counter and an additional "store zero" instruction we establish the equivalence of real-time and linear time. If at least two counters are available, the classes of languages accepted in real-time and linear time can be separated.


2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joakim Nivre ◽  
Yoav Goldberg ◽  
Ryan McDonald

Arc-eager dependency parsers process sentences in a single left-to-right pass over the input and have linear time complexity with greedy decoding or beam search. We show how such parsers can be constrained to respect two different types of conditions on the output dependency graph: span constraints, which require certain spans to correspond to subtrees of the graph, and arc constraints, which require certain arcs to be present in the graph. The constraints are incorporated into the arc-eager transition system as a set of preconditions for each transition and preserve the linear time complexity of the parser.


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 283-296
Author(s):  
Mark-Jan Nederhof

We present a new cubic-time algorithm to calculate the optimal next step in shift-reduce dependency parsing, relative to ground truth, commonly referred to as dynamic oracle. Unlike existing algorithms, it is applicable if the training corpus contains non-projective structures. We then show that for a projective training corpus, the time complexity can be improved from cubic to linear.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (OOPSLA) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Xiaodong Jia ◽  
Ashish Kumar ◽  
Gang Tan

In this paper, we present a derivative-based, functional recognizer and parser generator for visibly pushdown grammars. The generated parser accepts ambiguous grammars and produces a parse forest containing all valid parse trees for an input string in linear time. Each parse tree in the forest can then be extracted also in linear time. Besides the parser generator, to allow more flexible forms of the visibly pushdown grammars, we also present a translator that converts a tagged CFG to a visibly pushdown grammar in a sound way, and the parse trees of the tagged CFG are further produced by running the semantic actions embedded in the parse trees of the translated visibly pushdown grammar. The performance of the parser is compared with a popular parsing tool ANTLR and other popular hand-crafted parsers. The correctness of the core parsing algorithm is formally verified in the proof assistant Coq.


Author(s):  
Nirmal K. Nair ◽  
James H. Oliver

Abstract An efficient algorithm is presented to determine the blank shape necessary to manufacture a surface by press forming. The technique is independent of material properties and instead uses surface geometry and an area conservation constraint to generate a geometrically feasible blank shape. The algorithm is formulated as an approximate geometric interpretation of the reversal of the forming process. The primary applications for this technique are in preliminary surface design, assessment of manufacturability, and location of binder wrap. Since the algorithm exhibits linear time complexity, it is amenable to implementation as an interactive design aid. The algorithm is applied to two example surfaces and the results are discussed.


Author(s):  
Mikhail Krechetov ◽  
Jakub Marecek ◽  
Yury Maximov ◽  
Martin Takac

Low-rank methods for semi-definite programming (SDP) have gained a lot of interest recently, especially in machine learning applications. Their analysis often involves determinant-based or Schatten-norm penalties, which are difficult to implement in practice due to high computational efforts. In this paper, we propose Entropy-Penalized Semi-Definite Programming (EP-SDP), which provides a unified framework for a broad class of penalty functions used in practice to promote a low-rank solution. We show that EP-SDP problems admit an efficient numerical algorithm, having (almost) linear time complexity of the gradient computation; this makes it useful for many machine learning and optimization problems. We illustrate the practical efficiency of our approach on several combinatorial optimization and machine learning problems.


2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (07) ◽  
pp. 1217-1235 ◽  
Author(s):  
VÍCTOR BLANCO ◽  
PEDRO A. GARCÍA-SÁNCHEZ ◽  
JUSTO PUERTO

This paper presents a new methodology to compute the number of numerical semigroups of given genus or Frobenius number. We apply generating function tools to the bounded polyhedron that classifies the semigroups with given genus (or Frobenius number) and multiplicity. First, we give theoretical results about the polynomial-time complexity of counting these semigroups. We also illustrate the methodology analyzing the cases of multiplicity 3 and 4 where some formulas for the number of numerical semigroups for any genus and Frobenius number are obtained.


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