Characterization of Italian populations ofLoliumspp. resistant and susceptible to diclofop by inter simple sequence repeat

Weed Science ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 554-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Dinelli ◽  
Alessandra Bonetti ◽  
Ilaria Marotti ◽  
Maurizio Minelli ◽  
Pietro Catizone

Three ItalianLoliumweed populations, one susceptible and two resistant to diclofop, were characterized by the technique of inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR). The goal of this study was to taxonomically identify theseLoliumpopulations as well as to evaluate evidence for introgression of ISSR fragments fromFestucaand the potential role of this introgression in the diclofop response. ISSR analysis confirmed the genomic background of the weed populations to be consistent with that ofLolium. However, the great range of variation in ISSR banding patterns highlighted that the three ryegrass accessions are mixed populations made up of individuals resulting presumably from intrageneric and intergeneric hybridization in theLolium–Festucacomplex. TwoFestucagenus-discriminating and 20Festucaspecies-discriminating ISSR markers were screened among all the three ryegrass populations. The resistant Tuscania population carried the highest percentage ofFestucagenome (16.8%) followed by the resistant Roma (13.6%) and susceptible Vetralla (7.6%) populations. On the basis of these data some influence ofFestucagenome in diclofop resistance levels of studied ryegrass populations could be hypothesized.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lalit Arya ◽  
Ramya Kossery Narayanan ◽  
Anjali Kak ◽  
Chitra Devi Pandey ◽  
Manjusha Verma ◽  
...  

Abstract Morinda (Rubiaceae) is considerably recognized for its multiple uses viz. food, medicine, dyes, firewood, tools, oil, bio-sorbent etc. The molecular characterization of such an important plant would be very useful for its multifarious enhanced utilization. In the present study, 31 Morinda genotypes belonging to two different species Morinda citrifolia and Morinda tomentosa collected from different regions of India were investigated using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. Fifteen ISSR primers generated 176 bands with an average of 11.7 bands per primer, of which (90.34%) were polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphic bands, mean Nei’s gene diversity, mean Shannon’s information index in Morinda tomentosa and Morinda citrifolia was [(69.89%, 30.68%); (0.21 ± 0.19, 0.12 ± 0.20); (0.32 ± 0.27 0.17 ± 0.28)] respectively, revealing higher polymorphism and genetic diversity in Morinda tomentosa compared to Morinda citrifolia. Structure, and UPGMA cluster analysis placed the genotypes into well-defined separate clusters belonging to two species Morinda tomentosa and Morinda citrifolia revealing the utility of ISSR markers in species differentiation. Distinct ecotypes within a particular species could also be inferred emphasizing the collection and conservation of Morinda genotypes from different regions, in order to capture the overall diversity of respective species. Further higher diversity of M. tomentosa must be advanced for its utilization in nutraceutical, nutritional and other nonfood purposes.


2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 109-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Prażak ◽  
Edyta Paczos-Grzęda

A study of four F5 and one BC1F1 <em>Aegilops kotschyi </em>Boiss. x <em>Triticum aestivum </em>L. hybrid lines was conducted to determine their quantitative morphological and qualitative features as well as a molecular investigation was carried out. Observations of ten quantitative traits showed that the F5 hybrid lines exhibited intermediate values between <em>Ae. kotschyi </em>Boiss. and <em>T. aestivum </em>L., or had similar traits to one of the parents. These hybrid lines had a significantly lower number and weight of grains per main spike, main spike fertility and 1000-grain weight than <em>T. aestivum </em>L. cv. ‘Rusałka’. The BC1F1 hybrid line was characterized by wheat-like fertility and phenotype. The F5 hybrid lines were characterized by much higher variability of the analysed morphological traits than <em>T. aestivum </em>L. cv. ‘Rusałka’. Grains of the hybrid lines had higher protein and micronutrient (iron and zinc) content than wheat grains. The presence of DNA fragments specific to <em>Ae. kotschyi </em>Boiss. in the genotypes of the hybrid lines was confirmed by seven ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats) molecular markers. Two ISSR markers – ISSR23690 and ISSR33650 – were the most effective for germplasm analysis of the hybrid lines. The analysed lines can become a source material for improvement of common wheat <em>T. aestivum </em>L. in crossing programs.


2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. e0712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaura Castro ◽  
Olinda Pinto-Carnide ◽  
Jesús M. Ortiz ◽  
Vanessa Ferreira ◽  
Juan P. Martín

Grapevine cultivars diversity is vast and full of synonyms and homonyms. Up to few decades ago characterization of grapevine was based on morphological characters. In the last decades, molecular markers were developed and have been used as tools to study genetic diversity in a range of different plant species. Fifty-six Portuguese accessions representative of ‘Vinhos Verdes’ and ‘Douro’ Controlled Designations of Origin (DOC) were analysed through DNA fingerprints generated by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR). The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of RAPD and ISSR molecular techniques in the detection of synonyms, homonyms and misnames. RAPD and ISSR analysis enabled the detection of 36 different band patterns, reducing in about 36% the initial material. Several accessions grown under different names, between and within collections, were confirmed as the same genotype, namely Gouveio/Verdelho, Sousão Douro/Vinhão and Arinto Oeste/Pedernã. Similarly, some homonyms/misnames were also identified, namely within Azal Tinto and Rabigato accessions. RAPD and ISSR markers revealed to be adequate molecular techniques for grapevine varieties fingerprinting with advantages over other molecular procedures, contributing for a good management of grapevine collections.


Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
Justyna Żabicka ◽  
Grzegorz Migdałek ◽  
Aneta Słomka ◽  
Elwira Sliwinska ◽  
Leszek Mackiewicz ◽  
...  

The Viola epipsila-V. palustris complex is a highly taxonomically complicated group of species in its entire circumboreal range of distribution. Habitat loss, forest flooding, and hybridization could lead to the extinction of V. epipsila. A hybrid index and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to select qualitative and quantitative morphological features to distinguish parent species and hybrids, inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers to determine the genetic diversity of the populations, flow cytometry to estimate the genome size (GS), and non-coding chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) regions to indicate the directions of crosses. All taxa are very morphologically variable, and their features can change within a season. The most stable feature is the distance of the bracts on the pedicel from the rhizome. The genetic diversity of all taxa populations is low and highly influenced by selfing and vegetative propagation. The population structure is differentiated: populations of V. epipsila or V. palustris, mixed populations with both parent species, F1 hybrids and populations with introgressive forms occur in different regions. The interspecific GS variation corresponds to the ploidy level (4x = 2.52 pg, 8x = 4.26 pg, 6x = 3.42 pg). Viola epipsila is the mother plant of the hybrids. Research has shown the risk of V. epipsila extinction in Central Europe and the importance of local populations in studying the role of hybridization in reducing/maintaining/increasing biodiversity.


2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 849-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenia Gracielle da Fonseca ◽  
Fábio Gelape Faleiro ◽  
Nilton Tadeu Vilela Junqueira ◽  
Mariana Barth ◽  
Nelson Pires Feldberg

Abstract: The objective of this work was to validate the morphoagronomic descriptors used in the protection processes of plant cultivars in Brazil, by characterizing six cultivars of ornamental passion fruit. The BRS Rubiflora, BRS Rosea Púrpura, BRS Céu do Cerrado, BRS Roseflora, BRS Estrela do Cerrado, and BRS Pérola do Cerrado cultivars, 33 morphoagronomic descriptors, and two molecular markers were used. The categorical morphoagronomic descriptors were analyzed by frequency distribution and multivariate analyses. The quantitative morphoagronomic descriptors were subjected to the analysis of variance and to the comparison of the means of each cultivar. The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and the inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers were used for molecular analysis. A high-validation rate was observed for the morphoagronomic descriptors used in the protection of plant cultivars. The analyses of variance showed significant differences between the quantitative descriptors, and the molecular markers confirmed the genetic differences among the cultivars. There was a high correlation between the calculated distances based on the categorical morphoagronomic descriptors and molecular markers. The morphoagronomic descriptors and molecular markers are useful and complementary for the characterization and differentiation of cultivars.


2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Torres Salvador ◽  
Juan Mosquera ◽  
Viviana Jaramillo ◽  
Juan Mosquera ◽  
Venancio Arahana ◽  
...  

The main objective of this study was to assess the degree of genetic diversity of llex guayusa; a species of ethnobotanic and commercial relevance for indigenous communities of the Ecuadorean Amazon. To this end, 157 individuals collected from small cultivation sites across six provinces were genetically characterized using nine Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. A total of 91 polymorphic bands were detected across the complete sample-set, but estimated heterozygosity (He = 0.19) revealed a reduced level of genetic variability for the species. Partitioning of genetic diversity (AMOVA) indicated that 82% of the variation observed for I. guayusa occurred within populations, and only 18% between populations. Accordingly, pairwise-Nei genetic distance indices (0.013 ≤ Ds ≤ 0.086) implied a reduced level of genetic divergence between individuals from different provinces. The low degree of genetic diversity found for I. guayusa could be ascribed to the fact that the species is exclusively cultivated via clonal propagation; a cultural activity which has probably homogenized the species’ genetic pool across its geographic range. Notwithstanding, PCoA analysis could resolve collected germplasm into three distinct groups displaying a subtle genetic contrast in a directional gradient, from north to south. Certainly, the inclusion of a higher number of samples from underrepresented provinces (i.e. Sucumbíos), and wild populations would help resolve knowledge gaps regarding the genetic diversity and population structure of the species and its cultivation history in the region.ResumenEvaluamos el grado de diversidad genética de Ilex guayusa, una especie de importancia etnobotánica y comercial para las comunidades indígenas de la Amazonía ecuatoriana. Caracterizamos genéticamente a 157 individuos, provenientes de chacras ubicadas a lo largo de seis provincias, con nueve marcadores ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats). Se detectó en total 91 bandas polimórficas, pero el índice de heterocigosidad estimada (He =0.19) de la población reveló un nivel reducido de variabilidad genética para la especie. Los índices de distancias genéticas de Nei (0.013 ≤ Ds ≤ 0.086) revelaron un nivel reducido de divergencia genética entre individuos provenientes de provincias diferentes. De manera similar, el análisis de varianza molecular (AMOVA) demostró que solamente el 18% de la variación observada para I. guayusa ocurre entre poblaciones. El bajo grado de diversidad genética encontrado para I. guayusa puede ser atribuido al hecho de que esta especie es cultivada exclusivamente mediante propagación clonal; una actividad cultural que probablemente ha homogenizado el acervo genético de la especie a lo largo de su rango geográfico de cultivo. El análisis de coordenadas principales (PCoA) demostró que el germoplasma colectado puede estructurarse en tres grupos distintos caracterizados por un leve contraste genético en gradiente direccional, de norte a sur. La inclusión de un mayor número de muestras de provincias sub-representadas (ej. Sucumbíos) y poblaciones silvestres, si existen, ayudaría a esclarecer el nivel de diversidad genética y estructura poblacional de la especie, y la historia de su cultivo en la región.


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