Effects of Antiseptics on Developing Fish Spawn

Man lives in two worlds, the biosphere and the techno-sphere. Over the years, time needs, growth, speed, knowledge, and competition have created demand that necessitated man to build complex institutions. Ship design is not left out of this process. Inland waters are under threat from untreated waste that can feed bacteria and algae, which in turn exhaust the oxygen. The ocean, the seas, and fresh water together cover the largest percentage of planet earth. Many think that everything that runs into it is infinite; the ocean is providing the source of freshening winds and current that is far more vulnerable to polluting activities that have run off too many poisons into them. The ocean may cease to serve these purposes if care is not taking to prevent pollution. The issue of the environment has become so sensitive recently and is linked to infrastructure development work. In the maritime industry, polluting activities from oil bilge to ballast pumping has turned into poison and has an adverse effect on water resources. Some have choked too much estuarine water where fish spawn. In a nutshell, the two worlds of man are currently are out of balance and in potential conflict. Man is in the middle, and since the threats are mostly water related, ships are in the middle too. Historical records of a number of calamities that have resulted in heavy loss and pollution call for environmentally sound ships. This has led to a number of regulations that will subsequently affect policy change and procedure interaction with the system. The current situation has an effect on the design of new ships and modification of existing ships. This chapter discuss regulations design, with an emphasis on new system design drive towards processing waste and emissions on board so that discharges are acceptable. The chapter hopes to give insight into need, response, and research directions for green ship technology.

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Two Notes

The Classical Quarterly ◽

10.1017/s0009838800024447 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 10 (1-2) ◽

pp. 110-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. Benton

Keyword(s):

Way Of Life ◽

Bird Colony ◽

Fish Spawn ◽

The Way

This passage concerns the bird-colony on the Diomedean islands, now called Tremiti, off Gargano in Italy; it is said to have been formed by the companions of Diomede, when they became birds. ‘They shall hunt fish-spawn with their beaks, dwelling in an island bearing their leader's name they shall fashion the streets for their close-packed nests with firm blows (of their beaks), on an earth-covered slope, tiered like a theatre, imitating Zethos’ (i.e. building to music, the birds are noisy when breeding). ‘They shall set out to hunt and return to the hollow, together and at night. They shall flee all together from a crowd of barbarous men, but on the way home to their accustomed bivouacs they will take offscourings of bread and after-dinner fragments of barley-cake from the hand, provided they come from the pouches of Greek robes; they will murmur softly. in friendly fashion, sadly remembering, poor birds, their former way of life.’ In [Aristotle]'s account the birds dive-bomb the heads of barbarians. That passage does not describe shearwater but it may easily refer to other birds on the Tremiti. Evidently the observers did not drag the shearwater out of their burrows, which is the only way to be certain of their appearance. The Lockleys tell us of gulls marauding round the Skokholm colony. Black-headed gulls feed from the hand on the Embankment, and dive-bomb intruders near their eggs.

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Whale Sharks, Rhincodon typus, Aggregate around Offshore Platforms in Qatari Waters of the Arabian Gulf to Feed on Fish Spawn

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0058255 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. e58255 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

David P. Robinson ◽

Mohammed Y. Jaidah ◽

Rima W. Jabado ◽

Katie Lee-Brooks ◽

Nehad M. Nour El-Din ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arabian Gulf ◽

Offshore Platforms ◽

Rhincodon Typus ◽

Whale Sharks ◽

Fish Spawn

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When Do Mountain Whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni) Spawn? A Comparison of Estimates Based on Gonadosomatic Indices and Spawner and Egg Counts

The Open Fish Science Journal ◽

10.2174/1874401x01710010012 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 12-22

Author(s):

Robyn L. Irvine ◽

Joseph L. Thorley ◽

Louise Porto

Keyword(s):

Gonadosomatic Index ◽

Reproductive Potential ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Relative Mass ◽

Statistical Estimates ◽

Curve Model ◽

Prosopium Williamsoni ◽

Potential Impact ◽

Fish Spawn ◽

High Effort

Determining when fish spawn has major implications for effective fisheries management, particularly in dam-controlled rivers where reproductive potential may be affected by an altered hydrograph. Three methods for estimating spawn timing in riverine broadcast spawners were compared for their precision, effort and potential impact on a population of Mountain Whitefish in the regulated Lower Duncan River, Canada. The first method is based on the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI), which is a measure of the relative mass of an individual’s gonads. The second method is based on counts of aggregating adults, while the third method is based on passive egg collection using egg mats. Analysis of the GSI data provided the most precise estimates. It estimated that spawning occurred between October 30th and November 26th in 2010 and between November 8th and November 27th in 2011. Collection of GSI data required moderate effort and had some impact due to the need for lethal harvest. Analysis of the spawner counts using a simple Bayesian Area-Under-the-Curve model provided less precise estimates of spawn timing but the method likely had negligible impact on the population and required only moderate effort. Deployment of egg mats required high effort and collected insufficient information to derive statistical estimates of spawn timing. We discuss how information from different methods could be combined together into a single integrated model to maximize the precision while minimizing the effort and impact.

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The biology of Acanthoclinus quadridactylus (Bloch and Schneider) (Teleostei-Blennioidea). II. Breeding and Development

Marine and Freshwater Research ◽

10.1071/mf9680009 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 9 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

JB Jillett

Keyword(s):

Annual Variation ◽

Condition Factor ◽

Juvenile Fish ◽

Gonad Maturation ◽

Egg Mass ◽

Gonad Weight ◽

Male Fish ◽

The Third ◽

Males And Females ◽

Fish Spawn

A. quadridactylus attains sexual maturity in the third year of life, after which there is a seasonal cycle of gonad maturation and depletion. The condition factor of fish varies through the year and annual variation is comparable for both males and females. Fluctuations of condition factor for males cannot be explained solely in terms of changes in gonad weight. Egg masses were found on the shore from July to January, although most fish spawn between August and November. Development is described from late cleavage to eleven days after hatching. In nature, each egg mass is guarded by a male fish until the larvae hatch and enter the plankton. Planktonic life probably lasts nearly three months before the juvenile fish settle and adopt the adult habit.

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TRANSPORT OF FISH SPAWN BY AQUATIC BIRDS

Ostrich ◽

10.1080/00306525.1964.9633494 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 115-116

Author(s):

R. A. Jubb

Keyword(s):

Aquatic Birds ◽

Fish Spawn

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Age and growth of high Antarctic notothenioid fish

Antarctic Science ◽

10.1017/s0954102001000335 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 227-235 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

M. La Mesa ◽

M. Vacchi

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Antarctic Fish ◽

Ecological Factors ◽

Age And Growth ◽

Dissostichus Mawsoni ◽

Antarctic Notothenioids ◽

Pack Ice ◽

Physiological Adaptations ◽

First Time ◽

Fish Spawn

Available literature data on age and growth of high Antarctic fish is reviewed and discussed in relation to environmental seasonality. Except for Antarctic toothfish Dissostichus mawsoni, with maximum total length (TL) more than 170 cm, high Antarctic notothenioids are predominantly small species of less than 45 cm TL. Maximum ages reported for small Trematomus species were generally high (18–23 years), and probably comparable to those of some larger channichthyids. Highest longevity is attained by large nototheniids, such as Aethotaxis mitopteryx and D. mawsoni, of more than 30 years. Most high Antarctic fish spawn for the first time at 50–80% of maximum age. Males of some Trematomus species reach spawning maturity earlier than females, but at a higher percentage of maximum age. Pauly's index of growth performance P has been used to compare growth. P for nototheniids is typically between 1 and 2, whereas in channichthyids it is between 2 and 3. Generally, high Antarctic notothenioids exhibit a lower P than those further north. In high Antarctic nototheniids, between 19 and 42 cm maximum theoretical length, growth performance seems to increase from pelagic to benthic fish habit. Thus, although low temperature is a constraint on growth, other ecological factors linked to life style, such as food availability and physiological adaptations, may explain differences in growth performance between fish from the seasonal pack-ice zone and the high Antarctic zone.

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Whale sharks Rhincodon typus aggregate to feed on fish spawn in Belize

Marine Ecology Progress Series ◽

10.3354/meps215275 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 215 ◽

pp. 275-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 160

Author(s):

WD Heyman ◽

RT Graham ◽

B Kjerfve ◽

RE Johannes

Keyword(s):

Rhincodon Typus ◽

Whale Sharks ◽

Fish Spawn

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Survey of Fish-spawn Collection Grounds in the River Ganges

Environmental Conservation ◽

10.1017/s0376892900002708 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 153-157

Author(s):

J. S. Datta Munshi ◽

K. S. Bilgrami ◽

M. P. Saha ◽

M. A. O. Johar

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Dissolved Oxygen ◽

Labeo Rohita ◽

Meteorological Conditions ◽

Water Transparency ◽

Catla Catla ◽

Extensive Survey ◽

River Ganges ◽

Fish Spawn ◽

Major Carps

The major carps such as Labeo rohita, Cirrhinus mrigala, Catla catla, and Labeo calbasu, which constitute important economic food-fishes in India, breed only in rivers, and consequently the spawn and fry of these fishes are collected from riverine resources for culture in ponds and tanks. The present paper describes our extensive survey of fish spawn-collection grounds in the River Ganges (from Barauni to Farakka, a stretch of about 256 km). In the course of these studies, active and major sites of spawning were located at Monghyr, Sultanganj, Akbarnagar, Sonbarsa, Bhagalpur, Colgong, Sahibganj, Rajmahal, Manikchak, and Farakka. Some of the environmental factors, such as water transparency, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and meteorological conditions for spawning of fishes, were analysed.

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