Damage to Chromosomes in Cells of Oligochaetes Stylaria lacustris in Water Bodies of the Chernobyl NPP Exclusion Zone

The impact analysis of low doses of ionizing radiation on the breathers in natural populations is an important part of radiobiological studies of non-human biota. The main aim of our studies was to investigate some cytogenetic, morphological and reproductive rates of the common reed (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex. Steud.) from different water bodies within the Chernobyl accident exclusion zone. The absorbed dose rate for littoral emergent plants in sampling water bodies was varied from 1.3E−02 to 1.6E−01 Gy/h. The rate and main types of chromosome aberrations in roots meristems, morphological damages in seed germs, as well as rates of germinating ability and power were analyzed. There were registered rather low rate of germinating ability (14–48%) and germinating power (<1) of seeds from all sampling water bodies with high levels of radioactive contamination in comparison to control ones. Against the general suppressed background the effect of relative stimulation of more affected seeds was observed. With increase of absorbed dose in range of 1.3E−02–1.6E−01 Gy/h the number of germinated seeds was increased. At the same time the number of morphological damages of seeds was increased as well. There was determined the positive correlation between absorbed dose rate and chromosome aberration rate in roots of the common reed from sampling water bodies. The highest rate of chromosome aberrations (up to 17%) were registered in plants with high level of morphological deviations in seeds germs. The data obtained from the complex analysis of natural populations of the common reed from the radioactive contaminated water bodies testify about rather high level of genetic efficiency of low doses of long-term exposure.

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Conceptual and Practical Aspects of the Rehabilitation of Chernobyl NPP Exclusion Zone

9th ASME International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation: Volumes 1, 2, and 3 ◽

10.1115/icem2003-4754 ◽

2003 ◽

Author(s):

Yuri A. Ivanov ◽

Ivan P. Los ◽

Andrey N. Arkhipov ◽

Nickolay I. Proskura

Keyword(s):

Normal Condition ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Practical Implementation ◽

Natural Ecosystems ◽

Exclusion Zone ◽

Gis Technologies ◽

Recovery Processes ◽

Economic Operation ◽

Chernobyl Npp ◽

Rehabilitation Activity

The problems considered for the substantiation and implementation of a complex rehabilitation territory of the exclusion zone and the zone of absolute resettlement (EZZAR) are directed towards the recovery of its normal economic operation. This process of implementation uses a system of countermeasures. The issues of discussion are normative-legal base, principles, criterion, methods and scenarios of rehabilitation, concept of a full and partial rehabilitation, direction of rehab activity (both without change of the territory status and directed towards the rerun of territories under jurisdiction of local government bodies) and re-evacuation of the population and maintenance of normal conditions of its residents and habitability. State of the art natural and technogenic objects on the territory of EZZAR are discussed concerning preliminary estimations for a capability of practical implementation of different directions of rehabilitation activity on the EZZAR territory. GIS technologies are used to take into account the dynamics of a radioecological situation in natural and semi-natural ecosystems. The chief types of practical activities considered are activities on environmental protection and maintenance in a normal condition of phyto- and zoo-sanitary situation (including forestry activity, activation of landscape-recovery processes, etc.).

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Dynamics of specific activity of 90Sr and 137Cs in representatives of ichthyofauna of Chornobyl Exclusion Zone

Nuclear Physics and Atomic Energy ◽

10.15407/jnpae2021.01.062 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 62-73

Author(s):

A.Ye. Kaglyan ◽

◽

D.I. Gudkov ◽

S.I. Кіreev ◽

V.G. Кlenus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Specific Activity ◽

Water Bodies ◽

Cooling Pond ◽

Exclusion Zone ◽

Fish Products ◽

Radionuclide Contamination ◽

Permissible Levels

The results of the assessment of levels of radionuclide contamination of fish during 2013 - 2019 in the reservoirs of the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone (lakes Azbuchyn, Vershyna, Hlyboke, Daleke, Yanivsky Backwater, Chornobyl NPP cooling pond) are presented. It was found that the concentration of 137Cs in representatives of ichthyofauna of water bodies during the study period continued to decrease, while the concentration of 90Sr, with some exceptions, remained unchanged or increased. The concentration of radionuclides in fish of the studied reservoirs was about 60 - 5000 times for 90Sr and in 3 - 200 times for 137Cs higher than the permissible levels for fish products accepted in Ukraine.

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Reconstruction of the Long-Term Dynamics of Particulate Concentrations and Solid–Liquid Distribution of Radiocesium in Three Severely Contaminated Water Bodies of the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone Based on Current Depth Distribution in Bottom Sediments

Land ◽

10.3390/land11010029 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 29

Author(s):

Alexei Konoplev ◽

Gennady Laptev ◽

Yasunori Igarashi ◽

Hrigoryi Derkach ◽

Valentin Protsak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bottom Sediments ◽

Sediment Cores ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

Water Bodies ◽

Contaminated Water ◽

Exclusion Zone ◽

Liquid Distribution ◽

Diffusional Model ◽

Solid Liquid

Given the importance of understanding long-term dynamics of radionuclides in the environment in general, and major gaps in the knowledge of 137Cs particulate forms in Chernobyl exclusion zone water bodies, three heavily contaminated water bodies (Lakes Glubokoe, Azbuchin, and Chernobyl NPP Cooling Pond) were studied to reconstruct time changes in particulate concentrations of 137Cs and its apparent distribution coefficient Kd, based on 137Cs depth distributions in bottom sediments. Bottom sediment cores collected from deep-water sites of the above water bodies were sliced into 2 cm layers to obtain 137Cs vertical profile. Assuming negligible sediment mixing and allowing for 137Cs strong binding to sediment, each layer of the core was attributed to a specific year of profile formation. Using this method, temporal trends for particulate 137Cs concentrations in the studied water bodies were derived for the first time and they were generally consistent with the semiempirical diffusional model. Based on the back-calculated particulate 137Cs concentrations, and the available long-term monitoring data for dissolved 137Cs, the dynamics of 137Cs solid–liquid distribution were reconstructed. Importantly, just a single sediment core collected from a lake or pond many years after a nuclear accident seems to be sufficient to retrieve long-term dynamics of contamination.

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