Conceptual and Practical Aspects of the Rehabilitation of Chernobyl NPP Exclusion Zone

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri A. Ivanov ◽  
Ivan P. Los ◽  
Andrey N. Arkhipov ◽  
Nickolay I. Proskura
Keyword(s):  
Normal Condition ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Exclusion Zone ◽  
Gis Technologies ◽  
Recovery Processes ◽  
Economic Operation ◽  
Chernobyl Npp ◽  
Rehabilitation Activity

The problems considered for the substantiation and implementation of a complex rehabilitation territory of the exclusion zone and the zone of absolute resettlement (EZZAR) are directed towards the recovery of its normal economic operation. This process of implementation uses a system of countermeasures. The issues of discussion are normative-legal base, principles, criterion, methods and scenarios of rehabilitation, concept of a full and partial rehabilitation, direction of rehab activity (both without change of the territory status and directed towards the rerun of territories under jurisdiction of local government bodies) and re-evacuation of the population and maintenance of normal conditions of its residents and habitability. State of the art natural and technogenic objects on the territory of EZZAR are discussed concerning preliminary estimations for a capability of practical implementation of different directions of rehabilitation activity on the EZZAR territory. GIS technologies are used to take into account the dynamics of a radioecological situation in natural and semi-natural ecosystems. The chief types of practical activities considered are activities on environmental protection and maintenance in a normal condition of phyto- and zoo-sanitary situation (including forestry activity, activation of landscape-recovery processes, etc.).

scholarly journals Analysis of the Practical Implementation of Flicker Measurement Coprocessor for AMI Meters

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1589
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Kołek ◽  
Andrzej Firlit ◽  
Krzysztof Piątek ◽  
Krzysztof Chmielowiec
Keyword(s):  
Code Generation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
System A ◽  
Measuring Devices ◽  
Point Representation ◽  
Measurement Algorithm ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Vhdl Code

Monitoring power quality (PQ) indicators is an important part of modern power grids’ maintenance. Among different PQ indicators, flicker severity coefficients Pst and Plt are measures of voltage fluctuations. In state-of-the-art PQ measuring devices, the flicker measurement channel is usually implemented as a dedicated processor subsystem. Implementation of the IEC 61000-4-15 compliant flicker measurement algorithm requires a significant amount of computational power. In typical PQ analysers, the flicker measurement is usually implemented as a part of the meter’s algorithm performed by the main processor. This paper considers the implementation of the flicker measurement as an FPGA module to offload the processor subsystem or operate as an IP core in FPGA-based system-on-chip units. The measurement algorithm is developed and validated as a Simulink diagram, which is then converted to a fixed-point representation. Parts of the diagram are applied for automatic VHDL code generation, and the classifier block is implemented as a local soft-processor system. A simple eight-bit processor operates within the flicker measurement coprocessor and performs statistical operations. Finally, an IP module is created that can be considered as a flicker coprocessor module. When using the coprocessor, the main processor’s only role is to trigger the coprocessor and read the results, while the coprocessor independently calculates the flicker coefficients.

scholarly journals New perspectives in ecosystem services science as instruments to understand environmental securities

2014 ◽  
Vol 369 (1639) ◽  
pp. 20120286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdinando Villa ◽  
Brian Voigt ◽  
Jon D. Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Minimum Level ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Methodological Innovation ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Dynamic Expression ◽  
Services Science

As societal demand for food, water and other life-sustaining resources grows, the science of ecosystem services (ES) is seen as a promising tool to improve our understanding, and ultimately the management, of increasingly uncertain supplies of critical goods provided or supported by natural ecosystems. This promise, however, is tempered by a relatively primitive understanding of the complex systems supporting ES, which as a result are often quantified as static resources rather than as the dynamic expression of human–natural systems. This article attempts to pinpoint the minimum level of detail that ES science needs to achieve in order to usefully inform the debate on environmental securities, and discusses both the state of the art and recent methodological developments in ES in this light. We briefly review the field of ES accounting methods and list some desiderata that we deem necessary, reachable and relevant to address environmental securities through an improved science of ES. We then discuss a methodological innovation that, while only addressing these needs partially, can improve our understanding of ES dynamics in data-scarce situations. The methodology is illustrated and discussed through an application related to water security in the semi-arid landscape of the Great Ruaha river of Tanzania.

scholarly journals Climate-Smart Forestry in Brazil

2021 ◽  
pp. 545-570
Author(s):  
Marcos Giongo ◽  
Micael Moreira Santos ◽  
Damiana Beatriz da Silva ◽  
Jader Nunes Cachoeira ◽  
Giovanni Santopuoli
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Deforestation Rate ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Forest Policies ◽  
Forestry Sector ◽  
High Level

AbstractBrazil is the second largest forested country in the world with a high level of naturalness and biodiversity richness, playing a significant role in the adoption of mitigation and adaptation strategies to climate change. Although the Brazilian federal government is mainly responsible for the protection of natural ecosystems, the decentralization process, which demands competences of the states and municipalities, allowed the establishment of several agencies and institutions dealing with monitoring, assessment, and management of forest ecosystems through a complex and interrelated number of forest policies. Nevertheless, the deforestation rate, with a consequent loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services, represents critical challenges, attracting worldwide attention. The variety of mitigation and adaptation measures adopted over the years represents viable tools to face climate change and to promote climate-smart forestry in Brazil. Notwithstanding the positive effects achieved in the last decade, a better coordination and practical implementation of climate-smart forestry strategies is required to reach nationally and internationally agreed objectives.This chapter aims to depict the Brazilian forestry sector, highlighting the management strategies adopted overtime to counteract climate change.

Practical implementation of the German Genetic Diagnostics Act (GenDG) in Laboratory Medicine, the Human Genetics Laboratory and Genetic Counselling1)

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. ---
Author(s):  
Matthias Orth ◽  
Imma Rost ◽  
Georg F. Hoffmann ◽  
Hanns-Georg Klein
Keyword(s):  
Human Genetics ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Personalised Medicine ◽  
Direct Analysis ◽  
Genetic Diagnostics ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
In Vitro Diagnostics ◽  
Current Version

Abstract The German Genetic Diagnostics Act (GenDG) in its current version, effective since February 2010, has far-reaching consequences for all physicians and also for many patients. After more than 1 year of experience working with the GenDG, much of the previous criticism has proved to be inadequate. From the beginning, experts complained that besides the direct analysis of germline DNA, gene products should not be included in the scope of the act – potentially having a very broad impact on the entire in vitro diagnostics field. Problems with applying the act range from the impossibility of distinguishing between genetic and non-genetic examinations to enormous bureaucratic hurdles, which in some areas interfere with an efficient, state-of-the-art patient care (i.e., newborn screening, treatment with blood products). The rapid progress in technology, which is currently revolutionizing genetic diagnostics worldwide, has been set with narrow boundaries by the German GenDG, while at the same time “personalised medicine”, applying exactly the same technologies, is being funded by government research grants. From the viewpoints of the concerned physicians and patients, there is an urgent need to amend the act itself, and efficient action should be taken by the committee on genetic diagnostics (GEKO), which was appointed to define guidelines for the practical use of the GenDG.

Structural health monitoring of civil infrastructure

2006 ◽  
Vol 365 (1851) ◽  
pp. 589-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M.W Brownjohn
Keyword(s):  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Civil Infrastructure ◽  
Structural Health ◽  
Civil Infrastructures ◽  
Economic Operation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Computer Based

Structural health monitoring (SHM) is a term increasingly used in the last decade to describe a range of systems implemented on full-scale civil infrastructures and whose purposes are to assist and inform operators about continued ‘fitness for purpose’ of structures under gradual or sudden changes to their state, to learn about either or both of the load and response mechanisms. Arguably, various forms of SHM have been employed in civil infrastructure for at least half a century, but it is only in the last decade or two that computer-based systems are being designed for the purpose of assisting owners/operators of ageing infrastructure with timely information for their continued safe and economic operation. This paper describes the motivations for and recent history of SHM applications to various forms of civil infrastructure and provides case studies on specific types of structure. It ends with a discussion of the present state-of-the-art and future developments in terms of instrumentation, data acquisition, communication systems and data mining and presentation procedures for diagnosis of infrastructural ‘health’.

scholarly journals Estimation of status of small rodents’ natural populations from the transformed ecosystems of the Chornobyl exclusion zone according to the complex of biological indicators

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 328-337
Author(s):  
A.I. Lypska ◽  
◽  
N.K. Rodionova ◽  
N.M. Riabchenko ◽  
O.O. Burdo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Cooling Pond ◽  
Exclusion Zone ◽  
Recovery Processes ◽  
Destructive Processes ◽  
First Time ◽  
Stable Populations

Morphophysiological and hematological parameters of different species and ontogenesis types of mice rodents from the drained areas of the Chornobyl cooling pond were studied for the first time; comparative analysis, including data of control and stable populations of the Chornobyl exclusion zone, was performed. Radioecological characterization of the research sites was carried out; the contents of the main dose-forming radionuclides were determined; animals’ exposure doses were estimated. In all experimental groups, similar changes in the hematopoietic system were observed, however, pathological features were less pronounced in individuals from the drained areas of the cooling pond. It was revealed that in the animal body under the chronic low dose exposure activation of compensatory and recovery processes occurs along with the destructive processes. It has been shown that the lifetime increase in radiation exposure of mature animals causes the imbalance of bone marrow hematopoiesis with the gradual exhaustion of blood system potential.

ЗЕМЕЛЬНЫЕ РЕСУРСЫ ПРИБРЕЖНЫХ РАЙОНОВ ТИХООКЕАНСКОЙ РОССИИ (ТР): МЕЛКОМАСШТАБНАЯ ТИПОЛОГИЯ

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.P. Karakin
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
The State ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Scale Levels ◽  
Land Inventory

Оценки изменчивости географической среды крупных регионов одно из традиционных направлений Географии. При этом ряд исследователей, экологогеографического направления считают, что в настоящее время изучение нарушенности естественных экосистем (геосистем) одна из базовых проблем Географии. Состояние земельного покрова является одной из наиболее информативных характеристик при оценке изменений географической среды масштабных географических объектов. Относительно легко фиксируемый, лежащий на (земной) поверхности аспект трансформации естественных экосистем/геосистем это изменение структуры земельного покрова и связанной с этим системы землепользования. Практическая реализация данного подхода для мелкомасштабной оценки крупных регионов предполагает использование информации о состоянии земельного покрова, которая отвечает ряду требований. Информация должна быть, в первых однородной по методу получения, во вторых систематически обновляться. В большинстве стран этим требованиям отвечает в максимальной мере информация, которую продуцируют структуры ответственные за ведение Государственного Земельного Кадастра. В России это Росреестр в Канаде Canada Land Inventory, в КНР Ministry of Land and Resources of the Peoples Republic of China и др. Для формирования генерализованного представления о земельном покрове важен метод интеграции земельноресурсной информации, которая может быть получена при использовании данных Государственного земельного Кадастра. При мелкомасштабной характеристике земельных ресурсов береговой зоны Тихоокеанской России использовался метод выделения типов структур земельных ресурсов по административным районам на основании данных Государственного Земельного Кадастра. Monitoring and studying the dynamics of the state of the geographical space is a traditional direction of geographical research, which is carried out at various scale levels. In contemporary conditions, with the intensification of the processes of degradation of natural ecosystems (landscapes), the study of the disturbance of natural ecosystems and dynamics of habitats is becoming increasingly important, especially at the smallscale level. The state of land cover is one of the most informative characteristics in assessing changes in the geographic environment in the course of smallscale geographical assessments. Changes in the structure of land cover and the associated land use system are reflected in the state land inventory statistics. Practical implementation of a smallscale assessment of large regions involves the use of information on the state of land cover, which meets several requirements. Firstly, information should be homogeneous according to the method of its sourcing secondly it should be systematically updated. In most countries, the information produced by the institutions responsible for maintaining the state land inventory meets these requirements. It is Rosreestr in Russia, Canada Land Inventory in Canada, Ministry of Land and Resources in the Peoples Republic of China, and so on. Smallscale assessments of lands means a creation of a generalized image of the land cover of the study area, which can be based on integration of available landresource data from the State Land Inventory. Smallscale characteristics of land resources by administrative districts were used to define various types of land resources patterns in coastal areas of Pacific Russia. Selecting the enlarged types of land resource patterns enables to create an overview map that reflects the general patterns of the spatial differentiation of land cover of the area under study.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document