MITIGATION OF CO2 EMISSIONS USING LOW AND NEAR ZERO CO2 EMISSION POWER PLANTS

Clean Air ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mathieu
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Emission Power

scholarly journals What would dense atmospheric observation networks bring to the quantification of city CO<sub>2</sub> emissions?

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 7743-7771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Wu ◽  
Grégoire Broquet ◽  
Philippe Ciais ◽  
Valentin Bellassen ◽  
Felix Vogel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
Monitoring Tool ◽  
Model Framework

Abstract. Cities currently covering only a very small portion ( <  3 %) of the world's land surface directly release to the atmosphere about 44 % of global energy-related CO2, but they are associated with 71–76 % of CO2 emissions from global final energy use. Although many cities have set voluntary climate plans, their CO2 emissions are not evaluated by the monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) procedures that play a key role for market- or policy-based mitigation actions. Here we analyze the potential of a monitoring tool that could support the development of such procedures at the city scale. It is based on an atmospheric inversion method that exploits inventory data and continuous atmospheric CO2 concentration measurements from a network of stations within and around cities to estimate city CO2 emissions. This monitoring tool is configured for the quantification of the total and sectoral CO2 emissions in the Paris metropolitan area (∼  12 million inhabitants and 11.4 TgC emitted in 2010) during the month of January 2011. Its performances are evaluated in terms of uncertainty reduction based on observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs). They are analyzed as a function of the number of sampling sites (measuring at 25 m a.g.l.) and as a function of the network design. The instruments presently used to measure CO2 concentrations at research stations are expensive (typically ∼  EUR 50 k per sensor), which has limited the few current pilot city networks to around 10 sites. Larger theoretical networks are studied here to assess the potential benefit of hypothetical operational lower-cost sensors. The setup of our inversion system is based on a number of diagnostics and assumptions from previous city-scale inversion experiences with real data. We find that, given our assumptions underlying the configuration of the OSSEs, with 10 stations only the uncertainty for the total city CO2 emission during 1 month is significantly reduced by the inversion by ∼  42 %. It can be further reduced by extending the network, e.g., from 10 to 70 stations, which is promising for MRV applications in the Paris metropolitan area. With 70 stations, the uncertainties in the inverted emissions are reduced significantly over those obtained using 10 stations: by 32 % for commercial and residential buildings, by 33 % for road transport, by 18 % for the production of energy by power plants, and by 31 % for total emissions. These results indicate that such a high number of stations would be likely required for the monitoring of sectoral emissions in Paris using this observation–model framework. They demonstrate some high potential that atmospheric inversions can contribute to the monitoring and/or the verification of city CO2 emissions (baseline) and CO2 emission reductions (commitments) and the advantage that could be brought by the current developments of lower-cost medium precision (LCMP) sensors.

scholarly journals A methodology to constrain carbon dioxide emissions from coal-fired power plants using satellite observations of co-emitted nitrogen dioxide

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Liu ◽  
Bryan N. Duncan ◽  
Nickolay A. Krotkov ◽  
Lok N. Lamsal ◽  
Steffen Beirle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Monitoring Instrument ◽  
The Us

Abstract. We present a method to infer CO2 emissions from individual power plants based on satellite observations of co-emitted nitrogen dioxide (NO2), which could serve as complementary verification of bottom-up inventories or be used to supplement these inventories. We demonstrate its utility on eight large and isolated US power plants, where accurate stack emission estimates of both gases are available for comparison. In the first step of our methodology, we infer nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions from US power plants using Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) NO2 tropospheric vertical column densities (VCDs) averaged over the ozone season (May–September) and a “top-down” approach that we previously developed. Second, we determine the relationship between NOx and CO2 emissions based on the direct stack emissions measurements reported by continuous emissions monitoring system (CEMS) programs, accounting for coal quality, boiler firing technology, NOx emission control device type, and any change in operating conditions. Third, we estimate CO2 emissions for power plants using the OMI-estimated NOx emissions and the CEMS NOx∕CO2 emission ratio. We find that the CO2 emissions estimated by our satellite-based method during 2005–2017 are in reasonable agreement with the US CEMS measurements, with a relative difference of 8 %±41 % (mean ± standard deviation). The broader implication of our methodology is that it has the potential to provide an additional constraint on CO2 emissions from power plants in regions of the world without reliable emissions accounting. We explore the feasibility by comparing the derived NOx∕CO2 emission ratios for the US with those from a bottom-up emission inventory for other countries and applying our methodology to a power plant in South Africa, where the satellite-based emission estimates show reasonable consistency with other independent estimates. Though our analysis is limited to a few power plants, we expect to be able to apply our method to more US (and world) power plants when multi-year data records become available from new OMI-like sensors with improved capabilities, such as the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), and upcoming geostationary satellites, such as the Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring Pollution (TEMPO) instrument.

scholarly journals Towards space-borne monitoring of localized CO<sub>2</sub> emissions: an instrument concept and first performance assessment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Strandgren ◽  
David Krutz ◽  
Jonas Wilzewski ◽  
Carsten Paproth ◽  
Ilse Sebastian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Source Strength ◽  
Spectral Window ◽  
Instrument Noise ◽  
Noise Error

Abstract. The UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) requires the nations of the world to report their carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Independent verification of these reported emissions is a corner stone for advancing towards emission accounting and reduction measures agreed upon in the Paris agreement. In this paper, we present the concept and first performance assessment of a compact space-borne imaging spectrometer that could support the task of "monitoring, verification, reporting" (MVR) of CO2 emissions worldwide. With a single spectral window in the short-wave infrared spectral region and a spatial resolution of 50 x 50 m2, the goal is to reliably estimate the CO2 emissions from localized sources down to a source strength of approx. 1 MtCO2 yr-1, hence complementing other planned CO2 monitoring missions, like the planned European Carbon Constellation (CO2M). Resolving CO2 plumes also from medium-sized power plants (1–10 MtCO2 yr-1) is of key importance for independent quantification of CO2 emissions from the coal-fired power plant sector. Through radiative transfer simulations, including a realistic instrument noise model and a global trial ensemble covering various geophysical scenarios, it is shown that an instrument noise error of 1.1 ppm (1σ) can be achieved for the retrieval of the column-averaged dry-air mole fraction of CO2 (XCO2). Despite limited amount of information from a single spectral window and a relatively coarse spectral resolution, scattering by atmospheric aerosol and cirrus can be partly accounted for in the XCO2 retrieval, with deviations of at most 4.0 ppm from the true abundance for 68 % of the scenes in the global trial ensemble. We further simulate the ability of the proposed instrument concept to observe CO2 plumes from single power plants in an urban area using high-resolution CO2 emission and surface albedo data for the city of Indianapolis. Given the preliminary instrument design and the corresponding instrument noise error, emission plumes from point sources with an emission rate down to the order of 0.3 MtCO2 yr-1 can be resolved, i.e. well below the target source strength of 1 MtCO2 yr-1. Hence, the proposed instrument concept could be able to resolve and quantify the CO2 plumes from localized point sources responsible for approx. 90 % of the power plant CO2 emission budget, assuming global coverage through a fleet of sensors and favorable conditions with respect to illumination and particle scattering.

scholarly journals A remote sensing technique for global monitoring of power plant CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from space and related applications

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bovensmann ◽  
M. Buchwitz ◽  
J. P. Burrows ◽  
M. Reuter ◽  
T. Krings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Kyoto Protocol ◽  
Inverse Modeling ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Independent Verification ◽  
Anthropogenic Co2

Abstract. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas causing global warming. The atmospheric CO2 concentration increased by more than 30% since pre-industrial times – primarily due to burning of fossil fuels – and still continues to increase. Reporting of CO2 emissions is required by the Kyoto protocol. Independent verification of reported emissions, which are typially not directly measured, by methods such as inverse modeling of measured atmospheric CO2 concentrations is currently not possible globally due to lack of appropriate observations. Existing greenhouse gas observing satellites such as SCIAMACHY and GOSAT focus on advancing our understanding of natural CO2 sources and sinks. The obvious next step for future generation satellites is to also measure anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Here we present a promising satellite remote sensing technology based on spectroscopic measurements of reflected solar radiation in the short-wave infrared (SWIR) and near-infrared (NIR) spectral regions and show, using power plants as an example, that strong localized CO2 point sources can be detected and their emissions quantified. This requires mapping the CO2 column distribution at a spatial resolution of 2×2 km2 or better with a precision of about 0.5% (2 ppm) or better of the background column. We indicate that this can be achieved with existing technology. For a single satellite in sun-synchronous orbit with an across-track swath width of 500 km each power plant is overflown every 6 days or faster. Based on clear sky statistics we conservatively estimate that about one useful measurement per 1–2 months for a given power plant can typically be achieved. We found that the uncertainty of the retrieved power plant CO2 emission during a single satellite overpass is in the range 0.5–5 MtCO2/year – depending on observation conditions – which is about 2–20% of the CO2 emission of large power plants (25 Mt CO2/year). The investigated instrument aims at fulfilling all requirements for global regional-scale CO2 and CH4 surface flux inverse modeling. Using a significantly less demanding instrument concept based on a single SWIR channel we indicate that this also enables the monitoring of power plant CO2 emissions in addition to high-quality methane retrievals. The latter has already been demonstrated by SCIAMACHY. The discussed technology has the potential to significantly contribute to an independent verification of reported anthropogenic CO2 emissions and therefore could be an important component of a future global anthropogenic CO2 emission monitoring system. This is of relevance in the context of Kyoto protocol follow-on agreements but also allows to detect and monitor strong natural CO2 and CH4 emitters such as (mud) volcanoes.

scholarly journals Actual Measurement and Evaluation of the Balance between Electricity Supply and Demand in Waste-Treatment Facilities and Development of Adjustment Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 10747
Author(s):  
Daiki Yoshidome ◽  
Ryo Kikuchi ◽  
Yuki Okanoya ◽  
Andante Hadi Pandyaswargo ◽  
Hiroshi Onoda
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Actual Measurement ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Power Load

In Japan, breakthroughs to improve the share of renewable energy in the energy mix have become an urgent issue. However, the problem could not be solved by simply adding more power plants for various technical reasons, such as the unsuitability of using renewable energy as baseloads due to its intermittency. Furthermore, establishing the required cooperative systems for regionally distributed power adjustment is also tricky. Based on these backgrounds, this paper constructs an operation plan that minimizes CO2 emissions by correcting the generation and load patterns of the renewable energy of solar power, utilizing power generation from waste as a substitute for baseload power, and estimating the power demand of each facility. The result shows that by adjusting the operation plans, the model can reduce CO2 emission by 20.95 and 8.30% in weeks with high and low solar power generation surpluses, respectively. Furthermore, these results show that it is possible to reduce CO2 emissions in regions that have power sources with low CO2 emission coefficients by forecasting the amount of power generation and power load in the region and appropriately planning the operation in advance.

scholarly journals Structural Decomposition Analysis of CO2 Emission Reduction due to Energy Tax in Power Sector Planning.

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles O. P. Marpaung ◽  
Ram M. Shresta
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Final Demand ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Co2 Emission Reduction ◽  
Energy Tax

This study analyses the CO2 emission implications of considering energy tax in power sector planning for the case of Indonesia. There are four energy tax rates considered in this study i.e. US$0.5/MBtu, US$1.0/MBtu, US$2.0/MBtu and US$5/MBtu. Furthermore, this study also analyses the decomposition of the economy-wide CO2 emission changes due to the carbon tax rates by using an input-output model. The implications of energy tax on utility planning would bring the sytem more efficient because more energy efficient technology power plants, such as CCGT, would be selected, while in the case of environmental implications, CO2 emissions would be reduced. The results show that there is a significant change in the annual CO2 emissions if energy tax rate of US$5/MBtu is introduced. There are three major components that affect the total economy-wide change in CO2 emissions, i.e., fuel mix-, structural-, and final demand- effects. The results show that the fuel mix effect is found to be most influential in reducing the CO2 emission during the planning horizon under all of the energy tax rates considered and is followed by the final demand- and structural-effects.

Combination of enhanced oil recovery and near zero CO2 emission power plants

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Schroeder ◽  
S. Houyou ◽  
P. Illing ◽  
P. Mathieu ◽  
A. Monjoie
Keyword(s):  
Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Emission Power

scholarly journals Towards spaceborne monitoring of localized CO<sub>2</sub> emissions: an instrument concept and first performance assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2887-2904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Strandgren ◽  
David Krutz ◽  
Jonas Wilzewski ◽  
Carsten Paproth ◽  
Ilse Sebastian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Noise Model ◽  
Spectral Window ◽  
Instrument Noise ◽  
Noise Error

Abstract. The UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) requires the nations of the world to report their carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The independent verification of these reported emissions is a cornerstone for advancing towards the emission accounting and reduction measures agreed upon in the Paris Agreement. In this paper, we present the concept and first performance assessment of a compact spaceborne imaging spectrometer with a spatial resolution of 50×50 m2 that could contribute to the “monitoring, verification and reporting” (MVR) of CO2 emissions worldwide. CO2 emissions from medium-sized power plants (1–10 Mt CO2 yr−1), currently not targeted by other spaceborne missions, represent a significant part of the global CO2 emission budget. In this paper we show that the proposed instrument concept is able to resolve emission plumes from such localized sources as a first step towards corresponding CO2 flux estimates. Through radiative transfer simulations, including a realistic instrument noise model and a global trial ensemble covering various geophysical scenarios, it is shown that an instrument noise error of 1.1 ppm (1σ) can be achieved for the retrieval of the column-averaged dry-air mole fraction of CO2 (XCO2). Despite a limited amount of information from a single spectral window and a relatively coarse spectral resolution, scattering by atmospheric aerosol and cirrus can be partly accounted for in the XCO2 retrieval, with deviations of at most 4.0 ppm from the true abundance for two-thirds of the scenes in the global trial ensemble. We further simulate the ability of the proposed instrument concept to observe CO2 plumes from single power plants in an urban area using high-resolution CO2 emission and surface albedo data for the city of Indianapolis. Given the preliminary instrument design and the corresponding instrument noise error, emission plumes from point sources with an emission rate down to the order of 0.3 Mt CO2 yr−1 can be resolved, i.e., well below the target source strength of 1 Mt CO2 yr−1. This leaves a significant margin for additional error sources, like scattering particles and complex meteorology, and shows the potential for subsequent CO2 flux estimates with the proposed instrument concept.

scholarly journals CO2 Emission Calculation and Emission Characteristics Analysis of Typical 600MW Coal-fired Thermal Power Unit

2020 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 01029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Honghai ◽  
Wang Zhi ◽  
Chen Li ◽  
Wu Jianan
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Emission Intensity ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Characteristics Analysis ◽  
Co2 Emission Intensity

In order to effectively reduce the total CO2 emissions of coal-fired power plants and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the relevant data of a typical 600MW coal-fired power plant in the past five years was collected and investigated, and CO2 emissions and emission intensity were calculated. And the results were used to measure the CO2 emission level of coal-fired power plants. By comparing and analyzing the CO2 emission intensity and emission trend of 600MW coal-fired units with different unit types and different fuel types, the CO2 emission characteristics of typical 600MW coal-fired power plants are obtained.

Combination of Enhanced Oil Recovery and Near Zero CO2 Emission Power Plants

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Schroeder ◽  
S. Houyou ◽  
P. Illing ◽  
P. Mathieu ◽  
A. Monjoie
Keyword(s):  
Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Emission Power
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