scholarly journals Influence of Leaf Xylem Water Potential and Leaf Position on Relationship between Nitrogen Content and Photosynthetic Rate of Rice Plant.

1995 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-491
Author(s):  
Yukindo TSUNO ◽  
Takeshi YAMAGUCHI ◽  
Junichi NAKANO ◽  
Osamu OMOCHI
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Rice Plant ◽  
Leaf Position ◽  
Xylem Water Potential

scholarly journals Mist Irrigation Reduces Post-transplant Desiccation of Bare-root Trees

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick M. Bates ◽  
Alex X. Niemiera
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Xylem Water Potential ◽  
Post Transplant ◽  
Norway Maple ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Cherry Trees

Abstract Desiccation during storage and reestablishment is a major factor contributing to poor regrowth of transplanted bare-root trees. The effect of overhead mist irrigation on reducing post transplant water stress in Norway maple (Acer platanoides L. ‘Emerald Lustre’) and Yoshino cherry (Prunus x yedoensis) was examined. Bare-root Norway maple (desiccation tolerant) and Yoshino cherry (desiccation sensitive) trees were transplanted into pine bark-filled containers and subjected to mist or non-mist treatments. Stem xylem water potential, relative water content, and survivability were determined. Xylem water potential increased (became less negative) for misted maple and cherry trees. Water potential increased for non-misted maple and decreased for non-misted cherry trees. Twenty-seven percent of non-misted cherries were evaluated as nonmarketable due to stem dieback compared to 0% for misted trees. Results of this study indicate that mist irrigation effectively reduces desiccation damage for desiccation sensitive species such as cherries and hawthorns.

scholarly journals Effects of air humidity on the photosynthetic rate in the leaf of the rice plant.

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuni ISHIHARA ◽  
Eiki KURODA
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Rice Plant ◽  
Air Humidity

Linear relation between leaf xylem water potential and transpiration in pearl millet during soil drying

2020 ◽  
Vol 447 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 565-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaochao Cai ◽  
Mutez Ali Ahmed ◽  
Michaela A. Dippold ◽  
Mohsen Zarebanadkouki ◽  
Andrea Carminati
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Linear Relation ◽  
Soil Drying ◽  
Xylem Water Potential

scholarly journals Optimal stomatal behavior with competition for water and risk of hydraulic impairment

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (46) ◽  
pp. E7222-E7230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Wolf ◽  
William R. L. Anderegg ◽  
Stephen W. Pacala
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Classical Theory ◽  
Plant Competition ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Alternative Theory ◽  
Xylem Water Potential ◽  
Stomatal Behavior ◽  
Damage Repair ◽  
Functional Forms ◽  
Additional Water

For over 40 y the dominant theory of stomatal behavior has been that plants should open stomates until the carbon gained by an infinitesimal additional opening balances the additional water lost times a water price that is constant at least over short periods. This theory has persisted because of its remarkable success in explaining strongly supported simple empirical models of stomatal conductance, even though we have also known for over 40 y that the theory is not consistent with competition among plants for water. We develop an alternative theory in which plants maximize carbon gain without pricing water loss and also add two features to both this and the classical theory, which are strongly supported by empirical evidence: (i) water flow through xylem that is progressively impaired as xylem water potential drops and (ii) fitness or carbon costs associated with low water potentials caused by a variety of mechanisms, including xylem damage repair. We show that our alternative carbon-maximization optimization is consistent with plant competition because it yields an evolutionary stable strategy (ESS)—species with the ESS stomatal behavior that will outcompete all others. We further show that, like the classical theory, the alternative theory also explains the functional forms of empirical stomatal models. We derive ways to test between the alternative optimization criteria by introducing a metric—the marginal xylem tension efficiency, which quantifies the amount of photosynthesis a plant will forego from opening stomatal an infinitesimal amount more to avoid a drop in water potential.

scholarly journals Response of a clingstone peach cultivar to regulated deficit irrigation

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Sotiropoulos ◽  
Dimitrios Kalfountzos ◽  
Ioannis Aleksiou ◽  
Spyros Kotsopoulos ◽  
Nikolaos Koutinas
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Regulated Deficit Irrigation

Regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) involves inducing water stress during specific fruit growth phases by irrigating at less than full evapotranspiration. The objectives of this research were to study the effects of RDI perfomed at stage II of fruit growth and postharvest, on productivity of clingstone peaches, fruit quality as well as photosynthetic rate and midday leaf water potential. The research was conducted in a commercial clingstone peach (Prunus persica L. Batch cv. A-37) orchard in Greece. Trees were irrigated by means of microsprinklers and their frequency was determined using local meteorological station data and the FAO 56 Pennman-Monteith method. Photosynthetic rate was measured by a portable infrared gas analyzer. Midday leaf water potential was measured by the pressure chamber technique. During the years 2005 and 2006, the treatment RDII with irrigation applied at growth stage II of the peach tree did not affect productivity, fresh and dry mass of fruits. RDII reduced preharvest fruit drop in comparison to the control. RDII as well as the combined treatment RDII plus RDIP with irrigation applied at postharvest, at both years reduced shoot length of the vigorous shoots inside the canopy. RDII in comparison to the control increased the soluble solids content of the fruits and the ratio soluble solids/acidity. However it did not affect fruit acidity and fruit firmness. RDII as well as RDII plus RDIP in 2006 increased 'double' fruits and fruits with open cavity in comparison to the control and RDIP. Water savings were considerable and associated with the climatic conditions of each year.

Photosynthesis as related to xylem water potential and carbon dioxide concentration in Sitka spruce

1981 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Beadle ◽  
R. E. Neilson ◽  
P. G. Jarvis ◽  
H. Talbot
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Xylem Water Potential

Mistletoe ecophysiology: host–parasite interactionsThis review is one of a collection of papers based on a presentation from the Stem and Shoot Fungal Pathogens and Parasitic Plants: the Values of Biological Diversity session of the XXII International Union of Forestry Research Organization World Congress meeting held in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, in 2005.

Botany ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Glatzel ◽  
B. W. Geils
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Xylem Water Potential ◽  
Active Uptake ◽  
Host Interaction ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Plant Root System

Mistletoes are highly specialized perennial flowering plants adapted to parasitic life on aerial parts of their hosts. In our discussion on the physiological interactions between parasite and host, we focus on water relations, mineral nutrition, and the effect of host vigour. When host photosynthesis is greatest, the xylem water potential of the host is most negative. To maintain a flux gradient and avoid stomatal closure and wilting, the mistletoe must tolerate a more negative water potential than the host. Succulent leaves enhance water storage and allow mistletoes to rehydrate before their hosts rehydrate. Mistletoe infections may disrupt the host stomatal control system, causing early and oscillating closure of host stomata, thereby diminishing host photosynthetic gain. Mistletoes lack the active uptake of minerals of a typical plant root system and rely upon the haustorium to connect with the host for the essentially one-way flow of photosynthates and nutrients from host to parasite. Modest growth rates, tolerance, succulence, and rapid leaf turnover are some means by which mistletoes avoid mineral deficiency or excess. We propose high concentrations of some mobile elements in the mistletoe by comparison with the host result not from active uptake, but from the inevitable accumulation by a parasite that utilizes host phloem sap. The relationship between host condition and mistletoe performance varies by situation and over time. In some cases, the host can outgrow the mistletoe, but favorable host status can also accelerate mistletoe growth. A better understanding of the mistletoe–host interaction can be utilized in improved management of infested forest plantations for resource production as well as for conservation of biodiversity and endangered species.

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