Spatiotemporal Recapitulation of Central Nervous System Development by Murine Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells

ABSTRACT The Rybp/DEDAF protein has been implicated in both transcriptional regulation and apoptotic signaling, but its precise molecular function is unclear. To determine the physiological role of Rybp, we analyzed its expression during mouse development and generated mice carrying a targeted deletion of Rybp using homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells. Rybp was found to be broadly expressed during embryogenesis and was particularly abundant in extraembryonic tissues, including trophoblast giant cells. Consistent with this result, rybp homozygous null embryos exhibited lethality at the early postimplantation stage. At this time, Rybp was essential for survival of the embryo, for the establishment of functional extraembryonic structures, and for the execution of full decidualization. Through the use of a chimeric approach, the embryonic lethal phenotype was circumvented and a role for Rybp in central nervous system development was uncovered. Specifically, the presence of Rybp-deficient cells resulted in marked forebrain overgrowth and in localized regions of disrupted neural tube closure. Functions for Rybp in the brain also were supported by the finding of exencephaly in about 15% of rybp heterozygous mutant embryos, and by Rybp's distinct neural expression pattern. Together, these findings support critical roles for Rybp at multiple stages of mouse embryogenesis.

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Role and Regulation of Lin28 in Progenitor Cells During Central Nervous System Development

10.1007/5584_2020_607 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Fernando Faunes

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Progenitor Cells ◽

System Development ◽

Nervous System Development ◽

Central Nervous System Development

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Asymmetric neurogenic commitment of retinal progenitors involves Notch through the endocytic pathway

eLife ◽

10.7554/elife.60462 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Elisa Nerli ◽

Mauricio Rocha-Martins ◽

Caren Norden

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Progenitor Cells ◽

System Development ◽

Nervous System Development ◽

Endocytic Pathway ◽

Central Nervous System Development ◽

Biological Features ◽

Multipotent Progenitors ◽

Asymmetric Divisions

During brain development, progenitor cells need to balanceproliferation and differentiation in order to generate different neurons in the correct numbers and proportions. Currently, the patterns of multipotent progenitor divisions that lead to neurogenic entry and the factors that regulate them are not fully understood. We here use the zebrafish retina to address this gap, exploiting its suitability for quantitative live-imaging. We show that early neurogenic progenitors arise from asymmetric divisions. Notch regulates this asymmetry, as when inhibited, symmetric divisions producing two neurogenic progenitors occur. Surprisingly however, Notch does not act through an apicobasal activity gradient as previously suggested, but through asymmetric inheritance of Sara-positive endosomes. Further, the resulting neurogenic progenitors show cell biological features different from multipotent progenitors, raising the possibility that an intermediate progenitor state exists in the retina. Our study thus reveals new insights into the regulation of proliferative and differentiative events during central nervous system development.

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Dysgenesis of cephalic neural crest derivatives in Pax7−/− mutant mice

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.122.3.831 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 122 (3) ◽

pp. 831-838 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

A. Mansouri ◽

A. Stoykova ◽

M. Torres ◽

P. Gruss

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Neural Crest ◽

System Development ◽

Embryonic Stem ◽

Nervous System Development ◽

Central Nervous System Development ◽

The Central Nervous System

Pax7 is a member of the paired box containing gene family. Its expression pattern suggests a function in cephalic neural crest derivatives, skeletal muscle and central nervous system development. To understand the role of Pax7 during mouse embryogenesis, we used the homologous recombination technique in embryonic stem cells and generated Pax7−/− mice. Homozygous animals are born but die shortly afer weaning. They exhibit malformations in facial structures involving the maxilla and nose. Our analysis suggests that the observed phenotype is due to a cephalic neural crest defect. No obvious phenotype could be detected in the central nervous system and skeletal muscle. Functional redundancy between Pax7 and Pax3 is discussed.

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CD60b: Enriching Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells from Rat Development into Adulthood

Stem Cells International ◽

10.1155/2017/5759490 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Fernanda Gubert ◽

Camila Zaverucha-do-Valle ◽

Michelle Furtado ◽

Pedro M. Pimentel-Coelho ◽

Nicoli Mortari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Progenitor Cells ◽

System Development ◽

Nervous System Development ◽

Adult Brain ◽

Neurogenic Niche ◽

Neural Stem Progenitor Cells

CD60b antigens are highly expressed during development in the rat nervous system, while in the adult their expression is restricted to a few regions, including the subventricular zone (SVZ) around the lateral ventricles—a neurogenic niche in the adult brain. For this reason, we investigated whether the expression of C60b is associated with neural stem/progenitor cells in the SVZ, from development into adulthood. We performedin vitroandin vivoanalyses of CD60b expression at different stages and identified the presence of these antigens in neural stem/progenitor cells. We also observed that CD60b could be used to purify and enrich a population of neurosphere-forming cells from the developing and adult brain. We showed that CD60b antigens (mainly corresponding to ganglioside 9-O-acetyl GD3, a well-known molecule expressed during central nervous system development and mainly associated with neuronal migration) are also present in less mature cells and could be used to identify and isolate neural stem/progenitor cells during development and in the adult brain. A better understanding of molecules associated with neurogenesis may contribute not only to improve the knowledge about the physiology of the mammalian central nervous system, but also to find new treatments for regenerating tissue after disease or brain injury.

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