Progress in breast cancer chemoprevention.

2002 ◽  
pp. 15-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Arun ◽  
G N Hortobagyi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Cancer Chemoprevention ◽  
Chemopreventive Agents ◽  
The Past ◽  
Breast Cancer Chemoprevention ◽  
Clinical Breast ◽  
Prevention Trials ◽  
First Time ◽  
Made In

Over the past years there have been significant advances in breast cancer treatment and early detection. For the first time, a decrease in cancer mortality has been observed. Recently, much progress has been made in the understanding of carcinogenesis partly due to available new technologies to detect early molecular changes in the tissue. The knowledge of breast cancer carcinogenesis has provided possible opportunities to prevent breast cancer. Currently, several clinical breast cancer prevention trials are ongoing. This paper reviews issues related to breast cancer chemoprevention including identification of high risk cohorts, endpoint biomarkers, current and new chemopreventive agents as well as models to evaluate these agents.

scholarly journals Breast cancer chemoprevention

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Ivana Sestak ◽  
Jack Cuzick
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Chemoprevention ◽  
Similar Efficacy ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
New Agents ◽  
Breast Cancer Chemoprevention ◽  
Er Positive ◽  
Prevention Trials ◽  
Endometrial Cancers ◽  
Positive Breast Cancer

Trials with tamoxifen have clearly shown that the risk of developing oestrogen receptor positive breast cancer can be reduced by at least 50% with prophylactic agents. The current challenge is to find new agents which achieve this or better efficacy, but with fewer side effects. Recent results indicate that the SERM raloxifene has similar efficacy to tamoxifen, but leads to fewer endometrial cancers, gynecological symptoms, and thromboembolic events. Results for contralateral tumors in adjuvant trials suggest that aromatase inhibitors may be able to prevent up to 70%–80% of ER-positive breast cancers, and this is currently being investigated in two large prevention trials, one using anastrozole (IBIS-II) and the other exemestane (MAP.3). New agents are needed for receptor negative breast cancer and several possibilities are currently under investigation.

scholarly journals Breast cancer chemoprevention

2011 ◽  
pp. 223-228
Author(s):  
Ivana Sestak ◽  
Jack Cuzick
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Chemoprevention ◽  
Similar Efficacy ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
New Agents ◽  
Breast Cancer Chemoprevention ◽  
Er Positive ◽  
Prevention Trials ◽  
Endometrial Cancers ◽  
Positive Breast Cancer

Trials with tamoxifen have clearly shown that the risk of developing oestrogen receptor positive breast cancer can be reduced by at least 50% with prophylactic agents. The current challenge is to find new agents which achieve this or better efficacy, but with fewer side effects. Recent results indicate that the SERM raloxifene has similar efficacy to tamoxifen, but leads to fewer endometrial cancers, gynecological symptoms, and thromboembolic events. Results for contralateral tumors in adjuvant trials suggest that aromatase inhibitors may be able to prevent up to 70%–80% of ER-positive breast cancers, and this is currently being investigated in two large prevention trials, one using anastrozole (IBIS-II) and the other exemestane (MAP.3). New agents are needed for receptor negative breast cancer and several possibilities are currently under investigation.

scholarly journals Methylseleninic acid is a novel suppressor of aromatase expression

2011 ◽  
Vol 212 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruijuan Gao ◽  
Lijuan Zhao ◽  
Xichun Liu ◽  
Brian G Rowan ◽  
Martin Wabitsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Aromatase Inhibitors ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cancer Chemoprevention ◽  
Chemopreventive Agents ◽  
First Line Therapy ◽  
Methylseleninic Acid ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Positive ◽  
Breast Cancer Chemoprevention

Elevated circulating estrogen levels, as a result of increased peripheral aromatization of androgens by aromatase, have been indicated to underlie the association between obesity and a higher risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Although aromatase inhibitors have been used as a first-line therapy for estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women, their potential as breast cancer chemopreventive agents has been limited due to toxicities and high costs. It is therefore imperative to develop new aromatase-inhibiting/suppressing agents with lower toxicities and lower costs for breast cancer chemoprevention, especially in obese postmenopausal women. The expression of the aromatase gene,CYP19, is controlled in a tissue-specific manner by the alternate use of different promoters. In obese postmenopausal women, increased peripheral aromatase is primarily attributed to the activity of the glucocorticoid-stimulated promoter, PI.4, and the cAMP-stimulated promoter, PII. In the present study, we show that methylseleninic acid (MSA), a second-generation selenium compound, can effectively suppress aromatase activation by dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid, and forskolin, a specific activator of adenylate cyclase. Unlike the action of aromatase inhibitors, MSA suppression of aromatase activation is not mediatedviadirect inhibition of aromatase enzymatic activity. Rather, it is attributable to a marked downregulation of promoters PI.4- and PII-specific aromatase mRNA expression, and thereby a reduction of aromatase protein. Considering the low-cost and low-toxicity nature of MSA, our findings provide a strong rationale for the further development of MSA as a breast cancer chemopreventive agent for obese postmenopausal women.

scholarly journals Fenretinide (4-HPR): A Preventive Chance for Women at Genetic and Familial Risk?

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Cazzaniga ◽  
Clara Varricchio ◽  
Chiara Montefrancesco ◽  
Irene Feroce ◽  
Aliana Guerrieri-Gonzaga
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Cancer Chemoprevention ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Chemopreventive Agents ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Breast Cancer Chemoprevention

The incidence and mortality of breast cancer have been recently influenced by several new therapeutic strategies. In particular our knowledge on cancer precursors, risk biomarkers, and genetics has considerably increased, and prevention strategies are being successfully explored. Since their discovery, retinoids, the natural and synthetic derivatives of vitamin A, have been known to play a crucial role in cell and tissue differentiation and their ability to inhibit carcinogenesis has made them the ideal chemopreventive agents studied in several preclinical and clinical trials. Fenretinide (4-HPR) is the most studied retinoid in breast cancer chemoprevention clinical trials due to its selective accumulation in breast tissue and its favorable toxicological profile. This agent showed a significative reduction of the incidence of second breast tumors in premenopausal women confirmed after 15-year followups. Considering Fenretinide protective action, a similar trend on ovarian cancer, this drug warrants reevaluations as a preventive agent for high-risk young women, such as BRCA-1 and 2 mutation carriers or with a high familial risk. This favorable effect therefore provides a strong rationale for a primary prevention trial in these unaffected cohort of women.

Spices with Breast Cancer Chemopreventive and Therapeutic Potentials: A Functional Foods Based-Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliyu Muhammad ◽  
Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim ◽  
Ochuko Lucky Erukainure ◽  
Ibrahim Malami ◽  
Auwal Adamu
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cancer Chemoprevention ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Breast Cancer Chemoprevention ◽  
Biologically Active Metabolites

Background: Cancer is a multifaceted metabolic disease that affects sizeable dwellers of rural and urban areas. Among the various types of cancer, mammary cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in women. Its menace can be curbed with locally consumed spices due to their multiple bioactive phytochemicals. Aims: This review focuses on the breast cancer chemopreventive and therapeutic potentials of locally consumed spices. Methods/Results: The most commonly consumed spices with breast cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic phytochemical include pepper, onions, ginger, garlic, curry and thyme containing many biologically active metabolites ranging from vitamins, fatty acids esters, polyphenols/phenolics, sulfurcontaining compounds and anthraquinones with proven antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immuno-modulatory, antitumor and anticancer properties against breast cancer/carcinogenesis. Therefore, extracts and active principles of these spices could be explored in breast cancer chemoprevention and possibly therapeutically which may provide an avenue for reducing the risk and prevalence of breast cancer.

Design of multifunctional ethosomes for topical fenretinide delivery and breast cancer chemoprevention

2021 ◽  
pp. 126745
Author(s):  
Alexsandra Conceição Apolinário ◽  
Leon Hauschke ◽  
Jessica Ribeiro Nunes ◽  
Felipe Rebello Lourenço ◽  
Luciana Biagini Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Chemoprevention ◽  
Breast Cancer Chemoprevention
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