scholarly journals Regulation of proliferation and differentiation of adipocyte precursor cells in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

2008 ◽  
Vol 198 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Bouraoui ◽  
J Gutiérrez ◽  
I Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Adipocyte Differentiation ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Endocrine Regulation ◽  
Endocrine Control ◽  
Insulin Growth Factor ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

Here, we describe optimal conditions for the culture of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) pre-adipocytes obtained from adipose tissue and their differentiation into mature adipocytes, in order to study the endocrine control of adipogenesis. Pre-adipocytes were isolated by collagenase digestion and cultured on laminin or 1% gelatin substrate. The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen was used as a marker of cell proliferation on various days of culture. Insulin growth factor-I stimulated cell proliferation especially on days 5 and 7 of culture. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) slightly enhanced cell proliferation only at a low dose. We verified the differentiation of cells grown in specific medium into mature adipocytes by oil red O (ORO) staining. Quantification of ORO showed an increase in triglycerides throughout culture. Immunofluorescence staining of cells at day 11 revealed the expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein and peroxisome proliferator–activator receptor γ, suggesting that these transcriptional factors are involved in adipocyte differentiation in trout. We also examined the effect of TNFα on the differentiation of these adipocytes in primary culture. TNFα inhibited the differentiation of these cells, as indicated by a decrease in glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, an established marker of adipocyte differentiation. In conclusion, the culture system described here for trout pre-adipocytes is a powerful tool to study the endocrine regulation of adipogenesis in this species.

Endocrine control of oleic acid and glucose metabolism in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) muscle cells in culture

2010 ◽  
Vol 299 (2) ◽  
pp. R562-R572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Sánchez-Gurmaches ◽  
Lourdes Cruz-Garcia ◽  
Joaquím Gutiérrez ◽  
Isabel Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Endocrine Control ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Igf I

The effects of insulin and IGF-I on fatty acid (FA) and glucose metabolism were examined using oleic acid or glucose as tracers in differentiated rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) myotubes. Insulin and IGF-I significantly reduced the production of CO2 from oleic acid with respect to the control values. IGF-I also significantly reduced the production of acid-soluble products (ASP) and the concentration of FA in the medium, while cellular triacylglycerols (TAG) tended to increase. Only insulin produced a significant accumulation of glycogen inside the cells in glucose distribution experiments. Incubation with catecholamines did not affect oleic acid metabolism. Cells treated with rapamycin [a target of rapamycin (TOR) inhibitor] significantly increased the oxidation of oleic acid to CO2 and ASP, while the accumulation of TAG diminished. Rosiglitazone (a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist) and etomoxir (a CPT-1 inhibitor) produced a severe and significant reduction in the production of CO2 and ASP. Rosiglitazone and etomoxir also produced a significant accumulation of FA outside and inside the cells, respectively. No significant effects of these drugs on glucose distribution were observed. These data indicate that insulin and IGF-I act as anabolic hormones in trout myotubes in both oleic acid and glucose metabolism, although glucose oxidation appears to be less sensitive than FA oxidation to insulin and IGF-I. The use of rapamycin, etomoxir, and rosiglitazone may help us to understand the mechanisms of regulation of lipid metabolism in fish.

Branchial chloride cell proliferation in the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss: implications for gas transfer

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1395-1402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn D. Bindon ◽  
James C. Fenwick ◽  
Steve F. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Chloride Cell ◽  
Gas Transfer ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Treated Fish ◽  
Fractional Surface

The effects of branchial chloride cell proliferation on ion transport capability and gill morphometry were evaluated in the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, to test the hypothesis that chloride cell (CC) proliferation benefits ionic regulation at the expense of efficient gas transfer. The extent of hormone-induced CC proliferation (using ovine growth hormone (oGH), cortisol, or a combination of both) on the gill filament epithelium was assessed by determining the fractional surface area of exposed cells using scanning electron microscopy. Cortisol and oGH were equally effective in increasing CC fractional surface area (~2×), owing to the enlargement of individual CCs. The combined cortisol/oGH treatment resulted in an even greater increase in CC fractional area (~6×), as both the size and number of CCs increased. Sham injections were without effect on CC surface area or number. Significant increases in Na+ (Jin Na+) and Cl− uptake (Jin Cl−) were observed after all hormone treatments and were correlated positively with the increases in the CC fractional surface area. These findings support the view that CC proliferation enhances branchial ion transport capability. Lamellar epithelial thickness (measured by transmission electron microscopy) was increased in hormone-treated fish, while lamellar surface area (measured using light microscopy) was unaffected. The area of the interlamellar water channels (calculated from light micrographs) was significantly reduced in hormone-treated fish. These results suggest that, in trout, a compromise is made between the efficiency of ion regulation and gas transfer in which the enlargement/proliferation of CCs may impede gas transfer.

Cortisol reduces cell proliferation in the telencephalon of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

2011 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 518-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Sørensen ◽  
Linda C. Bohlin ◽  
Øyvind Øverli ◽  
Göran E. Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

Social stress reduces forebrain cell proliferation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

2012 ◽  
Vol 227 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Sørensen ◽  
Göran E. Nilsson ◽  
Cliff H. Summers ◽  
Øyvind Øverli
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss
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