THE EFFECT OF CERTAIN PLANT PREPARATIONS ON THE FERTILITY OF LABORATORY MAMMALS

1955 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUNE EAST
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Vaginal Opening ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Psoralea Corylifolia ◽  
Active Constituent ◽  
Immature Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Adult Females

SUMMARY Dry powdered seeds of the legume Psoralea corylifolia L. proved to be oestrogenic when included in the normal diet of adult female mice at levels calculated to give an intake of 0·35 g or 0·175 g seed/day. Both spayed and intact females exhibited intense vaginal cornification during treatment, but the effect was reversible. The fertility of adult females was impaired by consumption of 0·35 g Psoralea seed for 37–77 days, and an abnormal proportion of matings made with treated or normal partners was infertile, resulting in pseudopregnancies. The animals recovered within 1 week of transfer to a normal diet. The fertility of male mice was not impaired by treatment for 46 days. Consumption of 0·25 g Psoralea seed daily precipitated vaginal opening in immature female mice. The oestrogenic potency of the plant material was low and psoralen(e) (furo-2:3:7:6-coumarin), known to occur in the kernel of Psoralea corylifolia, was not the active constituent.

THE EFFECT OF GENISTEIN ON THE FERTILITY OF MICE

1955 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUNE EAST
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Vaginal Opening ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Intact Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Daily Intakes

SUMMARY Synthetic genistein, 5:7:4′-trihydroxy-isoflavone, proved to be oestrogenic (that is to say produced vaginal cornification) when included in the normal diet of immature, spayed and intact female mice in amounts calculated to give daily intakes of 2, 10 and 15 mg respectively. Consumption of genistein also precipitated vaginal opening in immature mice. The fertility of adult male mice fed 15 mg genistein daily for 22–25 days was more severely affected than that of adult females similarly treated for 31–55 days. Of ten males, five were rendered sterile and the fertility of three others was impaired. Two of ten females did not mate and abnormal numbers of still-born young were produced by the remaining animals. Four males and one female did not recover fertility when transferred to normal rations.

THE EFFECT OF CERTAIN PLANT PREPARATIONS ON THE FERTILITY OF LABORATORY MAMMALS

1955 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUNE EAST
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Vaginal Opening ◽  
Immature Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Sanguisorba Officinalis

SUMMARY Mice and guinea-pigs were fed diets containing 20 and 30% whole Sanguisorba officinalis, dried and ground. In immature female mice, premature vaginal opening and constant dioestrus were produced. Adult animals showed oestrous cycles of abnormal length, owing to a prolongation of the dioestrous phase, but mated and became pregnant readily during treatment. Lactation appeared to be affected adversely. Male fertility was not impaired. The plant material showed no oestrogenic activity when fed to spayed mice, and did not produce vaginal opening in spayed guinea-pigs.

HUMAN URINARY GONADOTROPHINS ASSAYED BY DIFFERENT RESPONSES IN THE SAME ANIMAL

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIV (III) ◽  
pp. 375-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Ovarian Response ◽  
The Other ◽  
Relative Potency ◽  
Vaginal Opening ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Immature Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Marked Disparity ◽  
Relative Potencies

ABSTRACT Selected human urinary gonadotrophins were assayed against one another using various measures of response in the same immature female mice. Intact or hypophysectomized animals were used and in some experiments the results of hypophysectomy were checked in complete serial sections. Extracts from the urine of two subjects with Turner's syndrome were compared. In intact mice, the relative potency judged by the ovarian response differed from that shown by the uterine response and the 95 % fiducial limits of the two estimates did not overlap. When the mice were hypophysectomized, one extract became much less potent while the other did not. Similar differences were shown in the response of intact mice to urinary extracts from two subjects with Klinefelter's syndrome. There was a marked disparity between the relative potencies shown by the uterine response and by the incidence of vaginal opening. Similar differences were not shown between the responses to different extracts from the urine of normal postmenopausal women, but these extracts were known to differ little in quality. The results are interpreted in terms of qualitative differences between human urinary gonadotrophins.

Effect of aging on the recovery following contraction-induced injury in muscles of female mice

2006 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 887-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik P. Rader ◽  
John A. Faulkner
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Isometric Force ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Maximum Force ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Flexor Muscle ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Maximum Isometric Force

By the age of 80 yr, the skeletal muscles of men and women decrease in mass and maximum force by ∼30%. Severe contraction-induced injury may contribute to these age-related declines. One to two months after a 225 lengthening contraction protocol (LCP), muscles of young/adult male mice recovered completely, whereas those of old male mice sustained deficits of ∼15% in mass and ∼25% in maximum force. Although gender-related differences in the early events of contraction-induced injury have been reported, the recovery phase of muscles in old female animals has not been investigated. The hypothesis tested was that 2 mo after a severe LCP to the plantar flexor muscle group, the magnitude of recovery of mass and force for old female mice is less than that for adult female mice. The LCP was administered to muscles of adult and old, female C57BL/6 mice. At 3 days, 1 mo, and 2 mo following the LCP, maximum isometric force was measured, and muscles were removed and weighed. Two months following the LCP, the muscles of adult female mice recovered mass and force. In contrast, for old female mice, even after 2 mo, muscle masses were decreased by 11% and maximum forces by 38%. We conclude that, as reported previously for old male mice, a severe contraction-induced injury to muscles of old female mice results in prolonged deficits in mass and force.

scholarly journals Female- and Intruder-induced Ultrasonic Vocalizations in C57BL/6J Mice as Proxy Indicators for Animal Wellbeing

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 374-383
Author(s):  
Brian J Smith ◽  
Kate E P Bruner ◽  
Lon V Kendall
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Acute Inflammation ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Ultrasonic Vocalizations ◽  
Sublethal Dose ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Female Urine ◽  
Proxy Indicators ◽  
Affiliative Behaviors

Female urine-induced male mice ultrasonic vocalizations (FiUSV) are ultrasonic vocalizations produced by adult male mice after presentation of adult female urine, whereas intruder-induced ultrasonic vocalizations (IiUSV) are produced by resident adult female mice when interacting with an intruder female mouse. These affiliative behaviors may be reduced when mice have decreased wellbeing or are in pain and distress. To determine whether FiUSV and IiUSV can be used as proxy indicators of animal wellbeing, we assessed FiUSV produced by male C57BL/6J mice in response to female urine and IiUSV produced by female C57BL/6J mice in response to a female intruder at baseline and 1 and 3 h after administration of a sublethal dose of LPS (6 or 12.5 mg/kg IP) or an equal volume of saline. Behavior was assessed by evaluating orbital tightness, posture, and piloerection immediately after USV collection. We hypothesized that LPS-injected mice would have a decreased inclination to mate or to interact with same-sex conspecifics and therefore would produce fewer USV. At baseline, 32 of 33 male mice produced FiUSV (149 ± 127 USV in 2 min), whereas all 36 female mice produced IiUSV (370 ± 156 USV in 2 min). Saline-injected mice showed no change from baseline at the 1- and 3-h time points, whereas LPS-injected mice demonstrated significantly fewer USV than baseline, producing no USV at both 1 and 3 h. According to orbital tightness, posture, and piloerection, LPS-injected mice showed signs of poor wellbeing at 3 h but not 1 h. These findings indicate that FiUSV and IiUSV can be used as proxy indicators of animal wellbeing associated with acute inflammation in mice and can be detected before the onset of clinical signs.

THE EFFECT OF CERTAIN PLANT PREPARATIONS ON THE FERTILITY OF LABORATORY MAMMALS

1955 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 252-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
JUNE EAST
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Vaginal Opening ◽  
Polygonum Hydropiper ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Androgenic Activity

SUMMARY Polygonum hydropiper, administered as dry, powdered whole plant, impaired the fertility of male and female mice and produced sterility in female guinea-pigs when included in the normal diet at levels calculated to give an intake of 1 g/mouse, and 9 g/guinea-pig/day. These effects were temporary. P. hydropiper precipitated vaginal opening in immature mice within 5 days of the start of feeding and inhibited the normal cyclic occurrence of oestrus. No evidence of oestrogenic or androgenic activity was obtained, and it is suggested that P. hydropiper affects the gonadotrophic function of the pituitary.

scholarly journals Differences in renal ammonia metabolism in male and female kidney

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (2) ◽  
pp. F211-F222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Autumn N. Harris ◽  
Hyun-Wook Lee ◽  
Gunars Osis ◽  
Lijuan Fang ◽  
Kierstin L. Webster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Ammonia Metabolism ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Collecting Ducts ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Primary Determinant

Renal ammonia metabolism has a major role in the maintenance of acid-base homeostasis. Sex differences are well recognized as an important biological variable in many aspects of renal function, including fluid and electrolyte metabolism. However, sex differences in renal ammonia metabolism have not been previously reported. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to investigate sex differences in renal ammonia metabolism. We studied 4-mo-old wild-type C57BL/6 mice fed a normal diet. Despite similar levels of food intake, and, thus, protein intake, which is the primary determinant of endogenous acid production, female mice excreted greater amounts of ammonia, but not titratable acids, than did male mice. This difference in ammonia metabolism was associated with fundamental structural differences between the female and male kidney. In the female mouse kidney, proximal tubules account for a lower percentage of the renal cortical parenchyma compared with the male kidney, whereas collecting ducts account for a greater percentage of the renal parenchyma than in male kidneys. To further investigate the mechanism(s) behind the greater ammonia excretion in female mice, we examined differences in the expression of proteins involved in renal ammonia metabolism and transport. Greater basal ammonia excretion in females was associated with greater expression of PEPCK, glutamine synthetase, NKCC2, Rhbg, and Rhcg than was observed in male mice. We conclude that there are sex differences in basal ammonia metabolism that involve both renal structural differences and differences in expression of proteins involved in ammonia metabolism.

THE EFFECT OF 5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE AND OF MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS ON SEXUAL MATURITY

1961 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. ROBSON ◽  
M. BOTROS
Keyword(s):  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Prussian Blue ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Amine Oxidase ◽  
Mature Female ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Immature Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Immature Male ◽  
Blue Reaction

SUMMARY The administration of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) to immature female mice inhibts the development of sexual maturity, as shown by opening of the vagina and the occurrence of vaginal oestrus. The weight of the sex organs of treated animals is well below that of controls. There is little or no effect on body growth. Given to mature female mice, the drug depresses the weight of the sex organs. These effects are not due to decreased sensitivity of the gonads to gonadotrophin, or of the uterus and vagina to oestrogen. Similar effects have been obtained with iproniazid and other amine oxidase inhibitors, all hydrazides. Iproniazid produced a marked increase in the weight of the spleen with deposits of pigment giving a positive Prussian blue reaction. 5-HT and iproniazid produced much less striking effects when given to immature male mice; there was with both drugs a significant increase in the weight of the adrenals.

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