THE PITUITARY GLAND OF THE FEMALE FERRET

1960 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. HOLMES
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Performic Acid ◽  
Neurosecretory Material ◽  
Pars Intermedia ◽  
Pars Tuberalis ◽  
Neural Process ◽  
Positive Material ◽  
Orange G

SUMMARY Six distinct types of cell can be distinguished in the pars distalis of the pituitary gland of the female ferret after staining by performic acid-Alcian blue followed by periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-orange G. The first of these types contains coarsely granular PAS-positive material; the second contains granules which stain with Alcian blue, with or without PAS-positive material; while the third contains finely granular or diffuse PAS-positive material. The fourth type of cell, apparently equivalent to the 'carminophil' of other species, stains deep orange due to a combination of staining with orange G and a weakly positive PAS reaction. The fifth type is the ordinary acidophil, and the sixth the chromophobe. The pars tuberalis is extensive, and may be compact or lobulated. The pars intermedia contains two types of cell, but shows no obvious secretory characteristics. The neural process consists of a central zone which resembles the stalk in structure, and a peripheral, more vascular zone which contains the bulk of the neurosecretory material. A nucleus of small nerve cells lies in the junctional region where the stalk joins the main neural process.

scholarly journals HUMAN PITUITARY LUTEINIZING HORMONE: AN IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY

1966 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. REES MIDGLEY
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Performic Acid ◽  
Pars Tuberalis ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Human Pituitary Gland ◽  
Aldehyde Fuchsin

Luteinizing hormone (LH) was localized immunohistochemically to cells in the pars anterior and pars tuberalis of the human pituitary gland. Upon restaining with a variety of histochemical procedures, LH-containing cells were found to be aldehyde fuchsin and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) positive; however, the intensity of histochemical staining failed to correlate with that of fluorescence. Only a few of the PAS- or aldehyde fuchsin-positive cells contained LH. In contrast to the above, with the performic acid-alcian blue-PAS-organge G sequence of Adams, all cells containing LH were turquoise colored, alcian blue-positive (S1 mucoid cells) and vice versa. This study was performed with antiserum specific for human chorionic gonadotropin which was shown to cross react in immunodiffusion analysis with purified human pituitary luteinizing hormone and to be capable of neutralizing its biological activity.

THE HYPOTHALAMIC ELABORATION OF POSTERIOR PITUITARY PRINCIPLES IN MAN, THE RAT AND DOG. HISTOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE DERIVED FROM A PERFORMIC ACID-ALCIAN BLUE REACTION FOR CYSTINE

1956 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. M. ADAMS ◽  
J. C. SLOPER
Keyword(s):  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Performic Acid ◽  
Cysteic Acid ◽  
Neurosecretory Material ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Posterior Pituitary ◽  
Histochemical Evidence ◽  
Posterior Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Blue Reaction

SUMMARY 1. A histochemical technique has been devised which demonstrates cystine or cysteine in paraffin sections. 2. This depends on the oxidation of these substances with performic acid and the demonstration of the resultant cysteic acid with a basic dye, Alcian blue 8GS, at pH 0·2. 3. The specificity of this reaction depends on excluding acidic substances already present ionized in tissues at this low pH. 4. The performic acid-Alcian blue technique selectively demonstrates material with the exact distribution of Bargmann's chrome-haematoxyphil 'neurosecretory' material in the hypothalamus and in the posterior lobe of the pituitary of man, the rat and dog. 5. This material, by reason of its content of cystine, may represent posterior pituitary hormone; severe dehydration in five rats caused the almost entire loss of this material from the posterior lobe of the pituitary. 6. The performic acid-Alcian blue reaction provides the first histochemical evidence of the hypothalamic elaboration of posterior pituitary hormone in man and rat.

Memoirs: A Study of the Histology of the Pituitary Gland of the Skate

1936 ◽  
Vol s2-78 (312) ◽  
pp. 637-651
Author(s):  
N. H. HOWES
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Ventral Surface ◽  
Anterior Region ◽  
Pars Intermedia ◽  
Intermediate Lobe ◽  
Pars Tuberalis ◽  
Ventral Lobe ◽  
Pars Anterior

1. The structure of the pituitary of the adult skate is described. 2. This gland shows two distinct regions of growth which can be correlated with increase of size of the animal. 3. The pars anterior can be subdivided into three regions differing by the staining reactions of their constituent cells: (a) an anterior region where deep-purple chromaphil cells are found; (b) a middle, where they are faintly basiphil; and (c) a posterior, where they are mainly acidophil. 4. It is suggested that these regions are homologous with the pars tuberalis, basiphil, and oxyphil areas respectively of the pars anterior of the mammalian pituitary. 5. The oxyphil cells show an iodine-leucobase reaction similar to that given by the oxyphil cells of the ox pituitary. 6. The ventral lobe is a completely separate structure from the pars intermedia, although it may run along the ventral surface of the latter for some distance. 7. The histology of the neuro-intermediate lobe is described.

THE EFFECTS OF INGESTION OF HYPERTONIC SALINE ON THE PITUITARY GLAND IN THE RAT: A MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE PARS INTERMEDIA AND POSTERIOR LOBE

1962 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. DUCHEN
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Mitotic Activity ◽  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Neurosecretory Material ◽  
Pars Intermedia ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Neurohypophysial Hormones

SUMMARY The microscopic changes occurring in the pars intermedia and posterior lobe of the pituitary gland were studied in rats given 2% sodium chloride in place of tap water for periods ranging from 1 to 21 days. In the pars intermedia small, strongly PAS-positive cells which are normally few in number became very numerous during the first few days of treatment with saline. After longer periods on saline these changes appeared to regress. Mitotic activity in the pars intermedia and posterior lobe was studied using colchicine. Mitoses were present in the pars intermedia of control rats but not in that of salt-loaded rats. In the posterior lobe mitoses were not present in control rats but were numerous in rats drinking saline, and the greatest numbers were seen after 4 days. The neurosecretory material (NSM) was lost from the posterior lobe within the first 8 days, and it is suggested that there is a relationship between the loss of NSM and mitotic activity in the posterior lobe. The significance of the changes in the pars intermedia is not apparent at present but may be related to the removal of neurohypophysial hormones.

CHANGES IN THE PITUITARY GLAND OF THE FERRET FOLLOWING STALK SECTION

1961 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. HOLMES
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Pituitary Stalk ◽  
Pars Intermedia ◽  
Variable Amount ◽  
Pars Distalis ◽  
Glandular Tissue ◽  
Neural Process

SUMMARY 1. The pituitary stalk was divided transpalatally in a series of female ferrets. 2. The lesion was followed by infarction of a variable amount of tissue in the antero-superior region of the pars distalis, up to a maximum of 30% of its volume. Later fibrosis and incomplete regeneration of glandular tissue occurred. 3. There was no significant hypertrophy of the pars intermedia, but its cells showed an increase in cytoplasmic ribonucleic acid after division of the stalk. 4. The neural process appeared normal for several days after operation, but after the 4th day atrophied rapidly.

The Pituitary Gland: Embryology, Physiology, and Pathophysiology

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Dorton
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pars Intermedia ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Pars Tuberalis ◽  
Pars Distalis ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

The pituitary gland, the “master gland” of the body, is composed of endocrine cells, which secrete hormones essential for homeostasis. The gland consists of the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary) and the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary), two unique structures that differ anatomically and functionally.The neurohypophysis is innervated by nerve cells in the hypothalamus and forms the connection between it and the pituitary gland. The hypothalamus stimulates release and inhibition of pituitary hormones. The neurohypophysis secretes oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone.The adenohypophysis is composed of three structures: the pars distalis, the pars intermedia, and the pars tuberalis. The anterior pituitary (pars distalis) is responsible for the release of hormones that include growth hormone, prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and melanocyte-stimulating hormone.Disorders of the pituitary are predominately those of insufficient hormone release and may have profound effects on the neonate. The potential causes of and clinical symptomatology that may accompany pituitary hormone insufficiency in the neonatal period are explored.

The functional significance of glycosylation of proopiomelanocortin in melanotrophs of the mouse pituitary gland

1985 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Jenks ◽  
A. G. H. Ederveen ◽  
J. H. M. Feyen ◽  
A. P. van Overbeeke
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Functional Significance ◽  
Peptide Hormones ◽  
Terminal Region ◽  
Pars Intermedia ◽  
Apparent Effect ◽  
Glycoprotein Precursor ◽  
Tunicamycin Treatment ◽  
Mouse Pituitary

ABSTRACT Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) is a glycoprotein precursor for a number of neuropeptides and peptide hormones. The functional significance of the glycosylation of POMC has never been established. Using the antibiotic tunicamycin to block glycosylation of the prohormone in the mouse pars intermedia, we have compared processing of non-glycosylated prohormone with that of glycosylated prohormone in pulse-chase experiments. The peptides produced from non-glycosylated prohormone were shown to be correct cleavage products. Therefore it was concluded that, with the possible exception of peptides from the N-terminal region of the prohormone, the carbohydrate on POMC plays no role in directing cleavage or in protecting the prohormone from random proteolysis. Tunicamycin treatment retarded N-terminal acetylation of melanotrophin but had no apparent effect on acetylation of β-endorphin. The mouse pars intermedia synthesizes two forms of POMC which differ in their degree of glycosylation. Our results indicated that, during secretion, the melanotrophs make no distinction between peptides derived from the two prohormones. J. Endocr. (1985) 107, 365–374

Histologic and Histochemical Characterization of Seminal Vesicle Intraluminal Secretions

2001 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
Rajal B. Shah ◽  
Min W. Lee ◽  
Alvaro A. Giraldo ◽  
Mahul B. Amin
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Vesicle ◽  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Prostate Carcinoma ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Associated Malignancy ◽  
Distinguishing Features

Abstract Context.—We have observed intraluminal crystalloid morphology in seminal vesicles that is superficially similar to that seen in prostate neoplasia, but found little information on such morphology in the literature. Design.—Two hundred fifty-three prostate specimens (163 needle biopsies, 75 radical prostatectomies with prostate carcinoma, 11 prostates from autopsy, and 4 cystoprostatectomies without prostate carcinoma) were examined for seminal vesicle secretions, which were categorized as (a) dense platelike inspissated, (b) fluidlike, (c) crystalloid morphology, and (d) absent. Histochemical stains (periodic acid–Schiff with and without diastase, Alcian blue at pH 2.5, and mucicarmine) were performed to characterize the nature of secretions. Results.—Proteinaceous secretions were identified in 82% of seminal vesicles examined. Of these, 61% had predominantly dense, platelike, inspissated secretions, 15% had predominantly fluidlike secretions, and 24% had predominantly crystalloid morphology. Although in some cases the crystalloid morphology resembled that of prostatic intraluminal crystalloids, the seminal vesicle crystalloids differed in that they were invariably multiple, had curved edges, and had varied forms (elliptical, cylindrical, rodlike, and rectangular). Seventy-one percent of seminal vesicle crystalloids were associated with dense, platelike, inspissated secretions and appeared to be created by fracturing within platelike secretions. There was no relationship between seminal vesicle crystalloid morphology and associated malignancy in the prostate gland, as it was seen in 24% of cases with prostate carcinoma and 25% of cases without prostate carcinoma (P = 1.0000). Fluidlike secretions were positive for Alcian blue (pH 2.5) and mucicarmine, whereas dense platelike secretions and crystalloid morphology were negative for Alcian blue (pH 2.5) and mucicarmine. Conclusions.—Seminal vesicle secretions are fairly common and, when fluidlike, are composed of acid mucopolysaccharides. Inspissation of secretions appears to be associated with loss of acidity, presumably resulting in dense platelike secretions and crystallization. Awareness of both the crystalloid morphology in seminal vesicle tissue and the distinguishing features from prostatic crystalloids may be important while interpreting prostate needle biopsies in which seminal vesicle epithelium may be confused for prostate carcinoma because of a small acinar morphology with accompanying cytologic atypia and crystalloid morphology.

Thyroid Follicular Hyperplasia Associated With Massive Extracellular Mucin Deposition

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 533-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Nesa ◽  
Luca Poggi ◽  
Stefano Ferrero ◽  
Alessandro Del Gobbo
Keyword(s):  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Alcian Blue Staining ◽  
Thyroid Tumors ◽  
Stromal Compartment ◽  
Follicular Hyperplasia ◽  
Nodular Hyperplasia ◽  
Thyroid Parenchyma

Extensive extracellular mucin deposition is a rare pathological thyroid condition with 6 cases described in literature so far. We report another case of a 67-year-old woman, discussing histopathological features, and review the literature. Our findings showed a diffuse mucin deposition in the stromal compartment of thyroid parenchyma. Histochemical stainings showed positivity for Alcian blue staining, but not for periodic acid–Shiff staining. Our case is peculiar because this mucin deposition was associated with benign nodular hyperplasia, in contrast with the other 6 reports, which described the same stromal alterations associated with benign or malignant thyroid tumors.

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