THE EFFECT OF SEX AND OF TESTOSTERONE ON TOXIC LIVER DAMAGE

1962 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. BENGMARK ◽  
R. OLSSON
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase ◽  
Toxic Agent ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Toxic Liver Damage

SUMMARY 1. Glutamic pyruvic transaminase and fat content of the liver in male and female rats were determined at intervals after a single injection of carbon tetrachloride. 2. The female rats were more susceptible to the toxic agent in both the degenerative and regenerative phases. 3. Pretreatment of the female rats with testosterone propionate reduced the greater susceptibility and stimulated regeneration.

GONADOTROPHIN PATTERNS IN MALE AND FEMALE RATS:

1968 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Boyd ◽  
Donald C. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Feedback Effects ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Prostate Weight ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Normal Males

ABSTRACT The effects of various doses of testosterone propionate (TP) upon the release of luteinizing hormone (LH or ICSH) from the hypophysis of a gonadectomized male or female rat were compared. Prostate weight in hypophysectomized male parabiotic partners was used to evaluate the quantity of circulating LH. Hypophyseal LH was measured by the ovarian ascorbic acid depletion method. Males castrated when 45 days old secreted significantly more LH and had three times the amount of pituitary LH as ovariectomized females. Administration of 25 μg TP daily reduced the amount of LH in the plasma, and increased the amount in the pituitary gland, in both sexes. Treatment with 50 μg caused a further reduction in plasma LH in males, but not in females, while pituitary levels in both were equal to that of their respective controls. LH fell to the same low level in partners of males or females receiving 100 μg TP. When gonadectomized at 39 days, males and females had the same amount of plasma LH, but males had more stored hormone. Pituitary levels were unchanged from controls following treatment with 12.5, 25 or 50 μg TP daily, but plasma values dropped an equal amount in both sexes with the latter two doses. Androgenized males or females, gonadectomized when 39 days old, were very sensitive to the effects of TP and plasma LH was significantly reduced with 12.5 μg daily. Pituitary LH in androgenized males was higher than that of normal males but was reduced to normal by small amounts of TP. The amount of stored LH in androgenized females was not different from that of normal females and it was unchanged by any dose of TP tested. Results are consistent with the conclusion that the male hypothalamic-hypophyseal axis is at least as sensitive as the female axis to the negative feedback effects of TP. Androgenization increases the sensitivity to TP in both males and females.

INHIBITION OF SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT IN MALE AND FEMALE RATS TREATED WITH VARIOUS STEROIDS AT THE AGE OF FIVE DAYS

1965 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred A. Kind ◽  
A. Folch Pi ◽  
M. Maqueo ◽  
L. Herrera Lasso ◽  
A. Oriol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Development ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

ABSTRACT The effect of various steroids injected into 5 day old male and female rats was evaluated at the age of 45 days. In the males the degree in which testes and accessory sex tissues were atrophied, and in the females the degree of inhibition of luteinization were the indices. Various synthetic oestrogens were potent inhibitors of sexual development in both sexes while androgens were less active. The activity of several oestrogens in this test does not correlate with oestrogenic potency as measured in the uterotrophic test. Testosterone propionate produced moderate atrophy of testes and accessory sex tissue but spermatogenesis was not impaired.

PREVENTION OF CENTRAL DEFEMINIZATION BUT NOT MASCULINIZATION IN MALE RATS BY INHIBITION NEONATALLY OF OESTROGEN BIOSYNTHESIS

1977 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. M. VREEBURG ◽  
PAULA D. M. VAN DER VAART ◽  
P. VAN DER SCHOOT
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Function ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Copulatory Behaviour

SUMMARY An inhibitor of aromatization, androsta-1,4,6-triene-3,17-dione (ATD), was administered to newborn male and female rats and various parameters of gonadal and sexual function were examined in adulthood. Males injected with 1 mg ATD on the day of birth (day 1) and on days 3, 5, 10 and 15 postnatally, subsequently (day 55) showed normal male and female copulatory behaviour, but were not able to maintain cyclicity in ovarian transplants. When the ATD was administered by Silastic implants, however, cyclicity in ovarian transplants did occur. Neither form of treatment brought about significant changes in neonatal plasma or testicular testosterone concentrations. Female rats implanted on day 3 of life with Silastic capsules containing ATD and then given an injection of 0·25 mg testosterone propionate on day 5 subsequently showed normal ovarian function, whereas the controls receiving only testosterone propionate showed persistent vaginal cornification, anovulation and polyfollicular ovaries. The results support the view that the central conversion of testicular androgens to oestrogens during the neonatal period is necessary to abolish cyclic gonadotrophin release and to suppress female copulatory behaviour.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PITUITARY GLAND AND GONADAL STEROIDS: INVOLVEMENT OF A HYPOPHYSIAL FACTOR IN REDUCED α2u-GLOBULIN AND INCREASED TRANSCORTIN CONCENTRATIONS IN RAT SERUM

1978 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. VANDOREN ◽  
H. VAN BAELEN ◽  
G. VERHOEVEN ◽  
P. DE MOOR
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Rat Serum ◽  
Mediated Effects ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate

Evidence is presented that the level of α2u-globulin in the serum of male rats depends, at least in part, on neonatal androgens. After castration of adult animals the concentration of this protein falls but remains measurable, whereas in intact or ovariectomized female rats α2u-globulin cannot be detected. Moreover, α2u-globulin is found in adult male and female rats gonadectomized at birth and treated with a single injection of testosterone propionate immediately thereafter. The mechanism by which neonatal androgens increase the concentration of α2u-globulin has been investigated. Transplantation of a supplementary pituitary gland under the renal capsule of male rats resulted in reduced levels of α2u-globulin and increased levels of transcortin. The changes discussed here were observed only in those animals in which the transplant was functional and they were amplified or reversed by modulators of prolactin secretion such as oestrogens or bromocriptine respectively. The hypothesis is advanced that neonatal androgens stimulate the production of a hypothalamic inhibitory factor that controls the secretion of prolactin, or another hypophysial hormone subjected to similar neuroendocrine control. Measurements in gonadectomized animals and in rats receiving both oestradiol benzoate and bromocriptine indicate that, besides these pituitary-mediated effects, both oestrogens and androgens exert direct effects on the level of α2u-globulin.

HYPOPHYSEAL GONADOTROPHINS FOLLOWING GONADECTOMY IN MALE AND FEMALE ANDROGENIZED RATS

1963 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald C. Johnson ◽  
Emil Witschi
Keyword(s):  
Single Injection ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

ABSTRACT Male and female rats were androgenized by a single injection of testosterone (17β-hydroxy-androst-4-en-3-one) propionate on the 5th postpartum day. At 30 days of age, iittermates were joined in parabiosis and one partner gonadectomized. Gonadotrophin release by the hypophysis of the gonadectomized member was evaluated by effects upon weight and histology of gonads and sex accessories in the intact partner. A total of 80 pairs in 9 combinations were used. Single animals of the same age served as controls. The results demonstrate that androgenized males have reduced testes and accessory weights at 60 days. However, the treatment does not adversely affect production or release of hypophyseal FSH or LH following castration. In androgenized females, removal of the ovaries results in increased FSH secretion only.

scholarly journals Androgen responsiveness of the liver of the developing rat

1974 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
J-Å Gustafsson
Keyword(s):  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Androgen Treatment ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Developing Rat

The activities of the hepatic microsomal 2α-, 2β-, 7α- and 18-hydroxylase systems active on 5α-[4-14C]androstane-3α,17β-diol were studied in male and female rats which had been castrated at birth and at the age of 7, 13, 21, 27, 34, 43 and 55 days, treated for 5 days with 2mg of testosterone propionate/kg body weight and killed 6 days after castration. The 7α-hydroxylase system was affected very little by androgen treatment at all stages during development. On the other hand it was found that the rat liver passed through three phases during development with respect to androgen responsiveness as judged by changes in the activities of the 2α, 2β- and 18-hydroxylase systems: a first phase (from the neonatal period up to about 19 days of age) with a relative androgen unresponsiveness in both male and female rats, a second phase (from about 27 to about 33 days of age) when male and female rats responded equally well to androgens and a final phase (from about 40 days of age) with a successively decreasing androgen responsiveness in female rats but with a retained responsiveness in male rats. The hypothesis is presented that neonatal imprinting of the liver by testicular androgen(s) determines the development and degree of androgen responsiveness of liver tissue in the rat.

THE INFLUENCE OF A SINGLE HIGH DOSE OF OESTRADIOL BENZOATE ON THE ICSH-CONTENT IN THE SERUM OF GONADECTOMIZED MALE AND FEMALE RATS

1965 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Swelheim
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ventral Prostate ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Single High Dose ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate

ABSTRACT A single injection of 50 μg oestradiol benzoate, administered at 11 a.m. to adult female rats which had been spayed 14 days previously and had since been treated with 0.5 μg oestradiol benzoate daily, led to an increase in the ICSH-content of the serum, which was determined 29 hours after the injection. In an identical experimental design a decrease in the ICSH-content of the serum was found in adult male rats. ICSH-determinations were carried out by the ventral prostate assay. A stimulating effect upon the ventral prostate of oestrogen present in the serum used for the above determinations was excluded. At the time when the changes in the serum were established, there were no demonstrable changes in the ICSH-content of the anterior pituitary gland in both sexes. The existence of a fundamental sex difference in the response to a single high dose of oestrogen is suggested.

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