THE ACTION OF CLOMIPHENE IN THE FERRET

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. T. DONOVAN
Keyword(s):  
Clomiphene Citrate ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Gonadotrophin Secretion ◽  
Higher Doses

SUMMARY In an attempt to interfere pharmacologically with the feedback action of oestrogen in the ferret, clomiphene citrate was given to anoestrous animals for 10 days, and to oestrous females for 7 or 14 days, in doses ranging from 10 μg to 1000 μg daily. With the higher doses oestrogenic effects on the uterus were observed, while arrest of follicular development in the ovaries indicated inhibition of gonadotrophin secretion. Enhancement of gonadotrophin secretion in anoestrous females was not encountered, although ovulation in oestrous females was an occasional consequence of treatment with the drug.

THE EFFECT OF PROMETHAZINE AND CLOMIPHENE ON GONADOTROPHIN SECRETION IN THE RAT

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. KOCH ◽  
S. DIKSTEIN ◽  
E. SUPERSTINE ◽  
F. G. SULMAN
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Clomiphene Citrate ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Gonadotrophin Secretion ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
Releasing Factors ◽  
Higher Doses

SUMMARY Promethazine and promethazine sulphoxide selectively inhibited gonadotrophin secretion in female rats. The effects obtained were: decrease in ovarian weight, reduction in the number of follicles and corpora lutea in the ovary, prolongation of the oestrous cycle and reduced amounts of gonadotrophin-releasing factors in the hypothalamus. Very small doses of clomiphene citrate (1–100 ng/kg) increased gonadotrophin secretion in female rats, as shown by an increase in ovarian weight, increase in the number of corpora lutea, shortening of the oestrous cycle and increased amounts of gonadotrophin-releasing factors in the hypothalamus. Higher doses of clomiphene citrate (1 μg—2 mg/kg) produced the well-known inhibition of gonadotrophin secretion. The possible mechanism of action of these drugs is discussed.

Prolactin and the return of ovulation in breast-feeding women

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (S9) ◽  
pp. 25-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Gross ◽  
Creswell J. Eastman
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gonadotrophin Secretion ◽  
Direct Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Australian Sample

SummaryCross-sectional studies in Australia and the Philippines and a longitudinal prospective study in a selected Australian sample of breast-feeding mothers have shown that basal serum prolactin (PRL) concentrations are elevated during 15–21 months of lactational amenorrhoea.A predictive model of serum PRL levels and return of cyclic ovarian activity during full breast-feeding, partial breast-feeding and weaning has been developed from the results of breast-feeding behaviour and serum PRL, gonadotrophin and oestradiol measurements in 34 mothers breast-feeding on demand for a mean of 67 weeks.Breast-feeding patterns influence serum PRL levels. Important factors during full breast-feeding are the age of the baby, the longest interval between feeds at night and total 24-hr suckling time, and following the introduction of supplements, the mean interval between feeds, together with the total 24-hr suckling time and the number of solid supplements per day.The precise mechanisms whereby breast-feeding regulates cyclic ovarian activity remain unknown. Gonadotrophin secretion appears to be quantitatively normal, but qualitative changes, secondary to altered hypothalamic activity, may be the most important factor. A direct inhibitory effect of PRL on ovarian follicular development and steroidogenesis remains possible.Ovulation with a normal luteal phase is probable for 30% of breast-feeding mothers before the first menses, but is unlikely before 6 months, provided breast-feeding is frequent day and night.Measurement of serum PRL is a sensitive index of the return of menstruation and fertility during lactation in the population studied.

The role of oestrogens on gonadotrophin secretion in the testicular feminization syndrome1

1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Medina ◽  
Alfredo Ulloa-Aguirre ◽  
Maria A. Fernández ◽  
Gregorio Pérez-palacios
Keyword(s):  
Clomiphene Citrate ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
Testicular Feminization ◽  
Normal Response ◽  
Serum Lh ◽  
Gonadotrophin Secretion ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Complete Form ◽  
Lh Secretion

Abstract. The role of oestrogens on gonadotrophin secretion was assessed in three related patients with the complete form of testicular feminization syndrome. Serum LH and FSH levels were measured before and after I.RH stimulation as well as before, during and after chronic clomiphene citrate administration. Moderately elevated LH basal levels with a significant LH rise following I.RH were observed. Normal or even low FSH level with poor response to LRH were found in all subjects. Administration of clomiphene citrate resulted in a significant serum LH increase without any change of FSH. Following castration both LH and FSH rose and a normal response to LRH was observed. These results were interpreted as demonstrating that, while endogenous oestrogens modulate LH secretion in patients with androgen unresponsiveness, it plays no role in regulating FSH secretion and suggested that a factor of testicular origin without androgenic or oestrogenic activity is responsible for FSH regulation.

STEROID-INDUCED BLOCK OF OVARIAN COMPENSATORY HYPERTROPHY IN HEMICASTRATED FEMALE RATS

1964 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. PETERSON ◽  
R. A. EDGREN ◽  
R. C. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Follicular Development ◽  
Compensatory Hypertrophy ◽  
Left Ovary ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Steroidal Hormones ◽  
Ovarian Compensatory Hypertrophy ◽  
Ovarian Size ◽  
The Right ◽  
Higher Doses

SUMMARY Removal of the right ovaries of 160–180 g. rats was followed in 2 weeks by a hypertrophy of 55 % of the left ovary. This postoperative growth was prevented by the administration of various natural and synthetic steroidal hormones, which were compared at daily doses estimated to produce a 100 % block of the hypertrophy. The following steroids, together with approximate ED 100, were studied: oestrone, 17·8 μg.; oestradiol-17β, 20·4 μg.; oestriol, 95·5μg.; norethynodrel, 72·5μg.; progesterone, 3630μg.;testosterone, 436 μg.; norethisterone, 479 μg.; norbolethone, 155 μg. At doses above ED 100 the natural oestrogens and norethynodrel produced a secondary cycle of ovarian growth, whereas the Δ4-3-oxosteroids depressed ovarian size further. Hemicastrated rats had histologically normal ovaries which contained larger numbers of corpora lutea than those of the intact controls. All compounds appeared to increase follicular development at the ED 100 level; the higher doses of the oestrogens and norethynodrel stimulated excessive luteinization, whereas the Δ4-3-oxosteroids inhibited luteal development and produced large vesicular and cystic follicles.

Effect of GnRH antagonists treatment on gonadotrophin secretion, follicular development and inhibin A secretion in goats

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 977-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gonzalez-Bulnes ◽  
J. Santiago-Moreno ◽  
R.M. Garcia-Garcia ◽  
C.J.H. Souza ◽  
A. Lopez-Sebastian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Follicular Development ◽  
Gnrh Antagonists ◽  
Inhibin A ◽  
Gonadotrophin Secretion

CONTROL OF GONADOTROPHIN SECRETION IN THE FEMALE TAMMAR WALLABY (MACROPUS EUGENII)

1980 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUSAN M. EVANS ◽  
C. H. TYNDALE-BISCOE ◽  
R. L. SUTHERLAND
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Tammar Wallaby ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Intact Female ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone ◽  
Macropus Eugenii ◽  
Ovarian Cortex ◽  
Gonadotrophin Secretion

A heterologous radioimmunoassay for tammar wallaby FSH, using an ovine FSH antiserum and a human FSH tracer, is described. With this assay concentrations of FSH in plasma of intact female tammars are not detectable except rarely at the time of oestrus. However the assay has proved useful in studies of the control of gonadotrophin secretion in intact male and in ovariectomized tammars. In the female tammar, concentrations of LH and FSH in plasma rose within a few days of bilateral ovariectomy. Ovariectomized tammars respond to a luteinizing hormone releasing hormone stimulus (10 μg, i.v.) with a prompt release of LH, peak levels of 16·9 ± 1·4 ng NIH-LH-S19/ml plasma (n = 12) being reached within 25 min of injection. Concentrations of LH and FSH in plasma were reduced to preoperative values in ovariectomized tammars when lutein tissue developed in ovarian cortex grafts autotransplanted under the pouch skin. Ovarian interstitial tissue was not necessary for this effect. After lutectomy during quiescence, the female tammar ovulates again in about 14 days. Injections of progesterone (700 μg/kg per day, i.m.) for 7 days after the operation did not delay this response, but follicular development and ovulation appeared to be retarded in animals given oestradiol-17β (5 μg/kg per day, i.m.) with or without progesterone.

Infection Control Considerations for In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer Programs

1986 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 373-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Axelrod ◽  
George H. Talbot
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Clomiphene Citrate ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Human Menopausal Gonadotropin ◽  
Donor Sperm ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Transfer Programs ◽  
Follicular Puncture

In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) is a process in which human ova are obtained by laparoscopic ovarian follicular puncture, fertilized in vitro by capacitated donor sperm, and introduced transcervically into the uterus. The prospective mother's ovarian cycle is usually stimulated with either clomiphene citrate, human menopausal gonadotropin, or both, so that multiple aspiratable follicles are produced. Follicular development is monitored by ultrasound and by serial serum or urine estrogen determinations. When adequate follicular development has been achieved, a pre-ovulatory dose of human chorionic gonadotropin is administered.

ASSESSMENT OF GONADOTROPHIN SECRETION IN WOMEN WITH ANOREXIA NERVOSA

1975 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 630-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Aono ◽  
T. Kinugasa ◽  
T. Yamamoto ◽  
A. Miyake ◽  
K. Kurachi
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Clomiphene Citrate ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Initial Rise ◽  
Gonadotrophin Secretion ◽  
Hypothalamic Function ◽  
Rebound Increase ◽  
Lh Rh ◽  
Lh Releasing Hormone ◽  
Second Peak

ABSTRACT The LH and FSH secretions in 21 patients with anorexia nervosa were assessed by radioimmunoassay. On a single iv injection of 100 μg LH-releasing hormone (LH-RH), 8 patients showed LH response comparable to that of normal cyclic women in the follicular phase, and 5 patients showed excessive response. Although the remaining 8 patients showed almost no LH response, infusion of 400 μg LH-RH or daily im injections of LH-RH restored gonadotrophin responsiveness to LH-RH in all patients tested. The initial rise in LH during clomiphene citrate treatment was observed in 3 out of 5 patients, but the second peak of LH was found in only one patient. The initial suppression of LH following iv injection of conjugated oestrogen (Premarin®) was observed in 9 out of 10 patients but a rebound increase comparable to that in normal cyclic women in the mid-follicular phase was found in only 3 patients. These results seem to suggest that impaired hypothalamic function is the cause of gonadotrophin deficiency and the resultant anovulation in most patients with anorexia nervosa.

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