Prolactin and the return of ovulation in breast-feeding women

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (S9) ◽  
pp. 25-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Gross ◽  
Creswell J. Eastman
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gonadotrophin Secretion ◽  
Direct Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Australian Sample

SummaryCross-sectional studies in Australia and the Philippines and a longitudinal prospective study in a selected Australian sample of breast-feeding mothers have shown that basal serum prolactin (PRL) concentrations are elevated during 15–21 months of lactational amenorrhoea.A predictive model of serum PRL levels and return of cyclic ovarian activity during full breast-feeding, partial breast-feeding and weaning has been developed from the results of breast-feeding behaviour and serum PRL, gonadotrophin and oestradiol measurements in 34 mothers breast-feeding on demand for a mean of 67 weeks.Breast-feeding patterns influence serum PRL levels. Important factors during full breast-feeding are the age of the baby, the longest interval between feeds at night and total 24-hr suckling time, and following the introduction of supplements, the mean interval between feeds, together with the total 24-hr suckling time and the number of solid supplements per day.The precise mechanisms whereby breast-feeding regulates cyclic ovarian activity remain unknown. Gonadotrophin secretion appears to be quantitatively normal, but qualitative changes, secondary to altered hypothalamic activity, may be the most important factor. A direct inhibitory effect of PRL on ovarian follicular development and steroidogenesis remains possible.Ovulation with a normal luteal phase is probable for 30% of breast-feeding mothers before the first menses, but is unlikely before 6 months, provided breast-feeding is frequent day and night.Measurement of serum PRL is a sensitive index of the return of menstruation and fertility during lactation in the population studied.

Effects of prolactin on follicular oestradiol production in the rat

1984 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Th. J. Uilenbroek ◽  
R. van der Linden
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Silicone Tube ◽  
Kidney Capsule ◽  
Preovulatory Follicles ◽  
Luteal Tissue ◽  
Direct Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Oestradiol Production

ABSTRACT The effect of prolactin on follicular oestradiol production was studied in rat ovaries in which luteal tissue was absent. A silicone tube containing progesterone was implanted before first ovulation and removed 14 days later. This resulted in the presence of preovulatory follicles 2 days later and ovulation 60 h after removal of the implant. Prolactin concentrations were raised either by injection of purified prolactin or by implantation of pituitary tissue under the kidney capsule. Injections with 100 or 200 μg prolactin starting at the time of removal of the implant (16.00 h on day 0) had no effect on in-vitro oestradiol production by preovulatory follicles obtained on day 2 (day of pro-oestrus). However, implantation of two pituitary glands under the kidney capsule, 2 weeks before progesterone removal, resulted in significantly lower follicular oestradiol production, although ovulation was not inhibited. Lowering of serum prolactin by injections of bromocriptine resulted in an increased follicular oestradiol production. These results indicate that, in addition to its well-known luteotrophic effect, prolactin can have a direct inhibitory effect on follicular oestradiol production. This effect might contribute to the reduced fertility seen during hyperprolactinaemia. J. Endocr. (1984) 102, 245–250

Contraceptive prevalence and continuation: a longitudinal analysis of traditional and other method users in the Philippines

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (S11) ◽  
pp. 75-93
Author(s):  
J. Brad Schwartz ◽  
Wilhelm Flieger
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Contraceptive Method ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽  
Contraceptive Prevalence ◽  
Continuation Rates

SummaryContraceptive prevalence rates and estimates of continuation rates are derived from unique longitudinal data on post-partum behaviour collected in the Cebu region of the Philippines. Continuation rates vary by base-line and time-varying socioeconomic characteristics for certain contraceptive methods and for using no contraception. Calendar rhythm users have a much lower relative continuation rate than has been found in cross-sectional samples. For women who use a contraceptive method, breast-feeding does not appear to influence contraceptive continuation, but for those who use no methods, breast-feeding appears to substitute for other forms of contraception. Profiles by socioeconomic characteristics of those who continue to use each type of contraceptive method and who use no method could be used to direct family planning programmes towards population sub-groups. The results suggest that for women wishing to postpone a pregnancy, a family planning programme aimed at the young and less educated could effectively increase contraceptive use and continuation.

Breast-feeding patterns in the Philippines: a prospective analysis

1993 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namvar Zohoori ◽  
Barry M. Popkin ◽  
Maria E. Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Feeding Patterns ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Breast Fed

SummaryData from the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey have been used to examine breast-feeding patterns in the Metropolitan Cebu region of the Philippines. The results show that there is extensive and early use of non-nutritive liquids, resulting in low levels of exclusive breast-feeding. The use of cross-sectional versus longitudinal data, the definition of exclusive breast-feeding, and movements in and out of the exclusively breast-fed category, are considered.

Hubungan Antara Menyusui Dengan Involusi Uterus Pada Ibu Nifas Fisiologis Di RSIA Aura Syifa Kabupaten Kediri

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Eny Sendra ◽  
Dewi Indriani
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fisher Test ◽  
Key Word ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Moment

Breast feeding is giving milk to be drunk to the baby from the breast. Uterus involution is a process how the uterus return to the condition back, before pregnanting after bearing. At the moment of suckling, happens a stimulus and brings the hormones out, such as oksitosin uses not only to stimulate some muscles constraction but also to stimulate the uterus, so that the process of uterus involution happens foster. According to the explanations above, the research aimed to know about the correlation between breast feeding and uterus involution. This research’s design was, cross sectional by the population of all childbirth mothers approximately 50 persons / month. By using accidental sampling technique we got 21 sample respondents. The place of research in RSIA Aura Syifa in Kediri Regency on 16th until 22nd of June 2009. From this research’s result, we got 14 persons (66,67%) with normal uterus involution, suckled in a good way, one person (4,67%) with normal uterus involution, suckled in a wrong way, 2 persons (9,52%) with abnormal uterus involution, suckled in a good way and 4 persons (19,05%) with abnormal uterus involution, suckled in a wrong way. Statistic test which used chi-square test, counted the probability frequency in advance, from that we got 3 columns with the score, less than 5, so that chi-square can not be continued and by doing exact fisher test, the score was 0,001. Because P with the grade mistake 0,05 smaller, so the conclusion was “Ho” is rejected, it meant “there was correlation between suckling and uterus involution”. Key Word : Breast feeding, uterus involution

Effects of oestradiol benzoate (OeB) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) on the testes and accessory sex glands of the rat

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mridula Chowdhury ◽  
Robert Tcholakian ◽  
Emil Steinberger
Keyword(s):  
Treated Group ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Intact Control ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Direct Inhibitory Effect

Abstract. It has been suggested that treatment of intact male rats with oestradiol benzoate (OeB) causes an interference with testosterone (T) production by the testes by a direct inhibitory effect on steroidogenesis. To test this hypothesis, different doses (5, 10 or 25 IU) of hCG were administered concomitantly with 50 μg of OeB to adult intact or hypophysectomized male rats. The testicular and plasma testosterone, and serum hCG levels were determined. The sex accessory weights were recorded. In the intact OeB-treated group of animals, hCG stimulated both the secondary sex organs and plasma testosterone levels above the intact control group. However, in hypophysectomized animals, although plasma testosterone levels increased above that of intact controls, their secondary sex organ weights did not. Moreover, inspite of high circulating hCG levels, the testicular testosterone content and concentration remained suppressed in OeB-treated animals. The reason for such dichotomy of hCG action on OeB-treated animals is not clear at present.

Queixas de nutrizes que buscam atendimento em um banco de leite humano e fatores associados

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (25) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Thaiane Souza Pereira ◽  
Taynara Cassimiro de Moura Alves ◽  
Nathalya da Silva Louro ◽  
Nayara Franklin Cesar ◽  
Juliana das Dores Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Reliable Information ◽  
Previous Experience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Milk Banks ◽  
Nutrient Conditions

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as queixas de nutrizes que buscaram atendimento em um BLH e fatores associados.Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, analítico, transversal, retrospectivo, cuja população é composta por 1.709 nutrizes quebuscaram atendimento no período de Janeiro a Dezembro de 2016. Para a coleta de dados, utilizaram-se as fichas deatendimento do BLH. As principais queixas que levaram as nutrizes a buscarem atendimento no BLH relacionam-se àdificuldade com a técnica de amamentação (41,9%) e a problemas mamários, como o ingurgitamento mamário (27,1%) eo trauma mamilar (18,1%). A necessidade de auxílio na técnica de amamentação esteve associada às seguintes condiçõesrelativas à nutriz: ser procedente da capital (p=0,001), apresentar mais de oito anos de estudo (p=0,040), ter uma ocupação (p=0,010), ser primípara (p=<0,001), optar pela realização de parto cesárea (p=<0,001) e ter experiência préviacom amamentação (p=0,004). Houve associação entre ingurgitamento mamário e primiparidade (p=0,038), além do fatode a nutriz ter contado com o apoio ao aleitamento materno na maternidade (p=0,021). O estudo possibilitou verificar aimportância dos BLH no processo de lactação, um período em que as mulheres ficam ansiosas, necessitam de informaçõesconfiáveis e apresentam muitas queixas em relação à lactação.PALAVRAS-CHAVES : Aleitamento materno, Bancos de leite, Saúde da mulher. Abstract: The aim of this article is to analyze the complaints of lactating mothers who sought care in a HMB and associatedfactors. It is a descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study, whose population is composed of 1.709 lactating mothers whosought care in the period from January to December the 2016. For the data collection, were used the service records ofthe HMB. The main complaints that led the lactating mothers to seek care at HMB were related to the difficulty with thebreastfeeding technique (41.9%) and to breast problems, such as breast engorgement (27.1%) and nipple trauma (18,1%). Theneed for breastfeeding technique was associated to the following nutrient conditions: coming from the capital (p = 0.001),presenting more than eight years of study (p = 0.040), having an occupation (p = 0.010), being primiparous (p = <0.001), optfor cesarean (p = 0.001) and to have previous experience with breastfeeding (p = 0.004). There was an association betweenbreast engorgement and primiparity (p = 0.038), in addition to the fact that the mother had support for breastfeeding in thematernity ward (p = 0.021). The study made it possible to verify the importance of HMBs in the lactation process, a period inwhich women become anxious, require reliable information and have many complaints about lactation.Keywords: Breast feeding, Milk banks, Women’s health

Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kinerja Tenaga Kesehatan Di Rawat INAP RSUD Batusangkar

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 440
Author(s):  
Sri Handayani ◽  
Puteri Fannya ◽  
Putri Nazofah
Keyword(s):  
Health Personnel ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Master Level

<p><em>Based on data from the Indonesia Ministry of Health in 2015, In Indonesia, new professional nurses were just 2% of the total nurses. This figure was much lower than the Philippines which has reached 40% with bachelor and master level as their education. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between age, and leadership with the performance of health personnel</em><em>. </em><em>The design of this research was analytical research with Cross Sectional Study. The population in this study was all nurses and doctors who served in the internal room, children, surgery and midwifery</em><em>. </em><em>Sampling using total sampling</em><em> </em><em>by questionnaires. The data was processed by univariate and bivariate analysis using Chi-square test</em><em>. </em><em>The result showed that 57,8% nurses had poor performance, 56,3% doctors had poor performance, 64,4% nurses had average age 26-35 years, 56,2% doctors had average age  36-45 years, 64.4% nurses have poor leadership, </em><em>and </em><em>50.0% of doctors have less good leadership</em><em>.</em><em> There is a relationship between age</em><em> and </em><em>leadership with the performance of health personnel.</em><em></em></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p>Berdasarkan data kemenkes RI tahun 2015 jumlah tenaga kesehatan terbanyak yaitu perawat sebanyak 147.264 orang (45,65%). Di Indonesia, perawat profesional baru mencapai 2% dari total perawat yang ada. Angka ini jauh lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan Filipina yang sudah mencapai 40% dengan pendidikan strata satu dan dua. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara umur, kepemimpinan dengan kinerja tenaga kesehatan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah desain penelitian analitik dengan Cross Sectional Study. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah semua perawat dan dokter. Pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan Total Sampling. Pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner. Data diolah dengan analisis univariat menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan analisis bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-square. Hasil penelitian didapatkan 57,8% perawat memiliki kinerja kurang baik, 56,3% dokter memiliki kinerja kurang baik, 64,4% perawat memiliki umur rata-rata 26-35 tahun 64,4%, 56,2% dokter memiliki umur rata-rata 36-45 tahun, 64,4% perawat memiliki kepemimpinan kurang baik, 50,0% dokter memiliki kepemimpinan kurang baik. Terdapat hubungan antara umur dan kepemimpinan dengan kinerja tenaga kesehatan.</p>

scholarly journals Individual differences and changes in lifestyle behaviours predict decreased subjective well-being during COVID-19 restrictions in an Australian sample

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Brindal ◽  
Jillian C Ryan ◽  
Naomi Kakoschke ◽  
Sinead Golley ◽  
Ian T Zajac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Australian Sample

Abstract Background Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, social distancing practices were introduced to curb infection rates in many countries. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of these restrictions on behaviours and well-being and whether individual differences predict changes in well-being. Methods Australian adults participated in a cross-sectional, online survey during May 2020. The survey captured demographic information; health behaviours; personality traits; life satisfaction and COVID-19-related attitudes, financial concerns, perceived risks and impacts. Results In total, 3745 (86.8% of 4313) participants completed all items. Participants were mostly female (85.7%) and 56.4 years (standard deviation [SD] = 12.6) on average. Over 95.0% of the sample indicated they had been social distancing or isolating. Health behaviours and well-being had generally worsened, with social connections being the most negatively affected. Life satisfaction was significantly lower since restrictions. For changes in life satisfaction, extroversion was a risk factor and openness to experience was a protective factor. Conclusions Overall, well-being was negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and associated social distancing particularly in this sample containing mainly older women. In future, it will be crucial to understand why and who may be differentially affected, to encourage behaviours that are protective of well-being.

scholarly journals Timely Initiation of Breast Feeding and Associated Factors among Caesarian Section Delivered Mothers in Health Facilities of Dessie City Administration, North Eastern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Roza Shiferaw ◽  
Sisay Eshete Tadesse ◽  
Tefera Chane Mekonnen ◽  
Aregash Abebayehu Zerga
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Timely Initiation ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia

Objective: To assess the magnitude and associated factors of timely initiation of breastfeeding among cesarean section delivered mothers. Methods: A health facility-based cross-sectional study was employed among 421 systematically selected mothers from February to June, 2017. Data were collected by a structured questionnaire. Data entry and analysis was done using Epi Data and SPSS version 24. Binary logistic regression was computed to identify factors. Adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used to declare statistical significance. Result: The magnitude of timely initiation of breast feeding (among mothers who gave birth by cesarean section was 57%. Counseling during antenatal care (AOR = 3.32; 95% CI: 1.80, 6.13), facility where cesarean section (CS) was performed (AOR = 2.55; 95% CI: 1.57, 4.14), and post-CS counseling (AOR = 6.93; 95% CI: 3.99, 12.02) were factors that contributed for the practice of timely initiation among cesarean section delivered mothers. Conclusions: The magnitude of TIBF was good. Counseling during ANC, the facility where CS was performed and post-natal advice were factors associated with TIBF. Implementation of baby-friendly hospital initiatives should be strengthened in order to promote timely initiation of breast feeding.

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