Morphometric and gross anatomy studies of gonads in day-old Arabic chick (Gallus turcicus) lead to gonadal asymmetry

The differentiation of avian gonads occurred since the embryonic stage, resulted in asymmetric morphology. This study aimed to analyse the morphometric and gross anatomy of gonads in Day old Arabic chick. This study utilized 116 Day old Arabic chick. After necropsy, they were divided into 61 male and 55 female. The variables studies were length, width, volume, location, colour, and shape of the gonads. Data analysis used descriptive analysis and independent T test. The results showed a significant difference (P<0.01) between the right and left ovary lengths 1.67±0.08 mm and 3.69±0.05, respectively. A significant difference (P<0.01) between the width ovaries 0.64±0.03 mm (right ovary) and 1.18±0.03 mm (left ovary), respectively. It was found a significant difference (P<0.05) between the length of right and left testis 2.47±0.08 mm and 3.29±0.07mm, and between volume of testis 1.46±0.12 mm3 (right testis) and 2.03±0.13 mm3 (left testis). However, the right and left testes width was not significant (P>0.01). The testes colour was creamy white, sometimes pink, and grey to black, the colour of ovaries was creamy yellow and pink. Morphometric and gonadal morphology of Day old Arabic chick showed gonadal asymmetry, and the left side is larger than the right side.

Effect of Some Months on Follicles and Oocytes Recovered from Iraqi Ewes

The aim of the current study was to know the effect of season on the numbers of follicles and Oocytes recovered during Several months. 304 genital systems of Ewes were collected from Al-Fallujah abattoir/ Al-Fallujah, Al-Anbar province, during the period from 3, January 2021 to 1, July 2021. The samples were transported with Cool Box contained normal saline to the Reproductive Biotechnology Lab/Dept. of Surgery and Obstetrics / College of Vet. Medicine, University of Fallujah. The results showed that the total numbers of Oocytes with Cumulus cells recovered were 1037 oocytes. The results also showed a significant difference (P≤ 0.01) in the numbers of follicles between the right and the left ovaries. The numbers of follicles present at right ovaries were 776 in a percentage of (56.73%) from the total numbers where it was 592 follicles at the left ovaries in a percent of (43.27%) from the total numbers. It has been observed superiority of right ovary on the left ovary in the numbers of oocytes recovered, where it was 603 oocytes (58.15 %) from the right ovary and 434 oocytes (41.85 %) from the Left ovary. Also, the results showed a high Significant difference (P≤ 0.01) in the size of large and small follicles numbers. when the small follicles have large numbers. It has been also concluded from this study that there was a significant difference (P≤ 0.01) in the numbers of follicles and oocytes between the months of March and April as compared with other months.

Removal of a Giant Cyst of the Left Ovary from a Pregnant Woman in the First Trimester by Laparoscopic Surgery under Spinal Anesthesia during the COVID-19 Pandemic

This paper reports a case of a 21 year old primigravida at 6 weeks gestation, suffering from important abdominal pain, who was admitted into the medical center with a giant cyst of 28 × 20 cm on her left ovary. A torsion of the ovarian cyst was suspected. Her COVID-19 status was unknown. In view of the emergency of the situation and the COVID-19 pandemic, laparoscopy in spinal anesthesia was performed. The patient remained conscious during the surgical intervention and tolerated it well apart from a slight dyspnea, which was easily eliminated by changing her body position and decreasing the pneumoperitoneum pressure. The ovarian cyst was removed by enlarging the trocar incision. The patient recovered with neither incident nor pregnancy loss. COVID-19-related complications can induce adverse pregnancy outcomes. Under general anesthesia, patients with COVID-19 are at risk of severe pneumonia and of passing their infection to the medical personnel. To avoid such complications in non-specialized centers, laparoscopy should be performed in regional anesthesia. Laparoscopy in spinal anesthesia can be performed safely on pregnant patients by placing them in the proper position, using a low pneumoperitoneum, and monitoring the hemodynamics. During early pregnancy, general anesthesia induces a higher risk of teratogenic effects and of miscarriage.

Ovarian physiology of repeat breeder cows at Bathan area of Bangladesh

The experiment was implemented at farmer’s house and Bathan areas of Shahjadpur Upazila in Sirajganj and Bera Upazila under Pabna districts of Bangladesh. The aim of the study was to know the incidence of repeat breeding (RB), physiology of different follicles and deformity of ovary and uterus in Holstein Frisian (HF) cows. Forty (40) RB HF cows (>50% HF Genetic) were selected on the basis of age and parity. Pyometra, endo-metra, cervicitis, Salpingitis and tumor like growth etc. in uterine wall were observed. Luteal and follicular cyst was also identified. Number of growing follicle appeared ultrasonically, size of Graafian follicle, breed, cow’s body size, and inheritance level and parity, nutritional factors and days calving to first service were recorded properly. All collected data were statistically analyzed by the SPSS soft-ware program using completely randomized design (CRD). Results revealed that, significantly (P<0.05) highest Body Condition Score (BCS) was 3.47±0.05 observed in the cows of group-D whose age were more than 8 years of old compared to others group (table 1). In-case of average daily milk yield and remained dry condition differences were highly significant (P<0.001). Maximum milk yield (20.41±0.82 l/day) was observed in group-C compared to others group but minimum dry condition remaining period was observed in group-A than others. Days of heat showed number of AI service were non-significant (P>0.05) in the whole experiment (table-1). The percentage of infection (Pyometra, Endometra) in the uterine wall differed non-significantly (P>0.05) among all the groups and minimum occurrence were observed in group-A (figure 1). Highest percent of cyst observed in the right ovary than left of the cows of group-D compared to others group but the differences were non-significant (P>0.05).Comparatively higher percentage (58.82±12.30) of follicles observed in left ovary of group-D than right ovary of others group (table 3). Non-significantly (P>0.05) the highest average number (2.40±0.44) of follicles was observed in left ovary of the group-C than the cows of others group. Though the follicle size in the end of luteal phase differed non-significantly (P>0.05) but comparatively larger (14.90±1.54mm) follicle in diameter were observed in group-C, than the follicles of others groups. Bang. J. Livs. Res. Vol. 27 (1&2), 2020: P. 95-104

Blood Constituents, Antioxidant Activities and Hormonal Profile in She-camels (Camelus dormedarius) during different Physiological Statuses in the North Western Coast of Egypt

To monitor blood constituents and hormonal profiles in dromedary she-camels at different physiological statuses in the Northwestern Coast of Egypt, twenty-four she-camels, aged 7-10 years were used from December 2016 to March 2019. Animals were divided according estrous behavior and ultrasound scans of ovarian structures into estrus and non-estrus groups before natural mating. Pregnancy was diagnosed 30 days after mating by ultrasonography. Blood samples were collected from all animals during estrus and non-estrus and monthly during gestation and lactation periods. During the follicular phase GLC and P4 levels decreased (P<0.05). Levels of E2 and PRL increased (P<0.05). Follicles number and diameter in both ovaries increased (P<0.05) in estrus group. Cyclic status correlated negatively with GLC, P4, total number follicles of left ovary (TLO) and diameter follicles of left ovary (DLO) and positively with AST, E2 and DLO. In 1st trimester of pregnancy, GLC levels decreased. Higher (P<0.05) activity of ALT (2nd and 3rd trimesters) and ALP (1st and 2nd trimesters) were recorded. SOD and HP changed (P<0.05). Pregnancy status correlated negatively with GLC, ALP, HP and SOD and positively with TG and ALT. During lactation, ALB, CHOL, TG, ALT, ALP, P4 and PRL were affected (P<0.05). SOD and HP were higher (P<0.05) in 2nd and 1st trimester, respectively. Lactation status correlated negatively with P4 and PRL and positively with CHOL, ALB, ALP, ALT and TAC. In conclusion, the knowledge the values of hormonal, blood biochemical, antioxidant activities are necessary for diagnostic interpretation of pathological and adjusting the different functions throughout different physiological statuses under arid conditions.

Endometrial and follicular development following stair-step and traditional protocols in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: An RCT

Background: Various strategies have been proposed for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) treatment. Objective: To investigate and compare the number and size of ovarian follicles, endometrial thickness, and ovulation rate by traditional protocol (TP) and stair-step protocol (SSP). Materials and Methods: Sixty infertile PCOS women were allocated into two groups (SSP = 30 and control TP = 30) between May and October 2019 in the Besat Hospital, Sanandaj, Iran. In the SSP group, the infertile women were treated with 50 mg/daily clomiphene citrate (CC) for five days, while the nonresponsive women were prescribed 100 mg daily CC for five days in the same cycle. The maximum dose (150 mg) was administered until ovulation occurred. In the control group, in non-ovulatory cases, the dose was increased in the next cycle. Ultrasound was used to detect ovulation. Results: Endometrial thickness changes with various doses of CC were significantly different in the TP. The comparison of both protocols showed a significant difference in endometrial thickness only at 50 mg CC. The number of follicles in the left ovary was significantly different in both protocols at 150-mg CC. The size of ovarian follicles in the left ovary was significantly different between the two protocols at 100-mg CC. The ovulation rate was significantly different in the SSP at 100- and 150-mg doses of CC. Moreover, 86% of ovulation occurred at 100-mg CC in the SSP, while this rate was 73% in the TP. Conclusion: The most appropriate dose for ovulation in patients with PCOS is 100 mg CC. Key words: Polycystic ovary syndrome, Clomiphene, Infertility, Ovulation induction.

Laparoscopic evaluation of pelvic organ in case of subfertility

Background: Globally subfertility affects 10-15% of couple. All these people need proper evaluation and treatment. Now a days laparoscopy considered as a gold standard procedure for evaluation of pelvic organ. The aim of this study was to find out the different causes of female factor infertility with the help of laparoscopy.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in infertility clinic of BIRDEM hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period of May, 2007 to October 2007. The study group comprised 100 cases of infertile patients.Results: In this study, among 100 patients 68% had primary and 32% had secondary infertility. In laparoscopy majority (55.0%) had normal ovary, 20.0% had cystic change with thick capsule in right ovary and 22% had in left ovary, 7.0% had endometriosis, 8.0% had adhesion, 10.0% had simple cyst in right ovary and 8% had in left ovary and rest could not be visualized. 79.4% right and 77.9% left fallopian tube patent in primary subfertility cases and 56.3% right and 59.4% left tube normal in secondary subfertility cases. Both fallopian tube patent in 62%, unilateral block 21% and bilateral block in 17% cases in this study peritoneum was normal in 78% cases, 8% cases there was endometriosis and 14% cases there was adhesion of fallopian tube with the ovary, adhesion of uterus with intestine and also with bladder.Conclusions: Laparoscopy is an important tool for diagnosing anatomical and pathological abnormalities of pelvic organ which has a major role in subfertility management.

Borderline Ovarian Tumor

Ovarian borderline tumors are a group of pathologic tumors that exhibit a higher proliferative activity when compared to benign tumors. Due to the absence of a screening method, ovarian cancer is often diagnosed when the patient already has a complaint, or at an advanced stage. A 24-year-old patient was diagnosed with cystic ovarian neoplasm, the results of physical examination and support support the possibility of malignancy. In this patient, a left salphingo-oophorectomy was chosen instead of cystectomy, this was done considering the size of the tumor mass was large enough so that the normal tissue of the ovary was estimated to be almost absent. From the results of the PA laboratory is cystadenoma multiloculare ovarii mucinosum borderline with this microinvation. The patient found massive ascites which could be classified as high risk. In high-risk stage I borderline ovarian tumors, laparotomy should include hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. However, because the patient still expects reproductive function, conservative surgery can be performed by only performing unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, omentum (left ovary and left tube), left inguinal gland and peritoneal rinses. Additional platinum-based chemotherapy such as carboplatine for 3-6 cycles may be indicated in high-risk patients such as this case. (left ovary and left tube) omentum, left inguinal gland and peritoneal rinses. Additional platinum-based chemotherapy such as carboplatine for 3-6 cycles may be indicated in high-risk patients such as this case. (left ovary and left tube) omentum, left inguinal gland and peritoneal rinses. Additional platinum-based chemotherapy such as carboplatine for 3-6 cycles may be indicated in high-risk patients such as this case.Keywords: Borderline ovarian tumor, conservative surgery

P–679 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), an alternative method to evaluate the ovarian reserve

Study question Is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) a valid method to access antral follicles count (AFC) compared to two-dimensional (2D) transvaginal ultrasonography (USG) and Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) to evaluate the ovarian reserve? Summary answer AFC has a high agreement between MRI and USG methods, as well as with AMH. MRI can be an alternative method to evaluate ovarian reserve. What is known already In fact, two methods are the most used today to assess ovarian reserve: USG and AMH. The USG is considered the gold standard method for AFC, and contributes to predict and tailor treatment strategies, such as in-vitro fertilization. The major limitations of USG are its user dependency and equipment. Also, there are limitations in displaying a global view of the pelvis and large ovarian lesions. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with its excellent soft-tissue contrast resolution and characteristics, is a useful non-invasive alternative modality to USG. Just one study evaluated MRI and revealed more small size antral follicles compared to 3D-USG. Study design, size, duration A prospective cross-sectional observational study was performed in an assisted reproduction techniques (ART) post-graduation program setting from an assisted reproductive center in Sao Paulo, Brazil, which ran throughout 2019–2020, with a total number of 59 patients that were in fertility treatment and needed to undergo to a MRI procedure to evaluate uterine or pelvic diseases as, Myoma, Adenomyosis, endometriosis, and adnexal cysts. Participants/materials, setting, methods Patients were evaluated to access the AFC by the MRI method and 2D transvaginal USG, and Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) concentration to evaluate the ovarian reserve. Comparison between methods was done through Wilcoxon signed ranks test and Bland-Altman analysis. Ovarian reserve was classified as follows: very low (&lt;4 follicles/AMH&lt;0.5); low (5–7 follicles/AMH=0.5–1.1); normal (8–15 follicles/AMH=1.1–3.5); normal-high (&gt;15 follicles/AMH&gt;3.5). Weighted Cohen’s kappa was used to verify agreement between MRI, USG and AMH classifications of ovarian reserve. Main results and the role of chance Average AFC for USG were 5,55±4.01 for left ovary and 5.55±3.8 for right ovary. Average follicle count for both ovaries was 10±7.07. Regarding MRI, mean counts were 6.44±4.81 for left ovary, 5.65±3.85 for right ovary, and a 11.89±7.89 follicle sum mean count. Average concentration of AMH was 1.79±1.44. The Wilcoxon test and Bland-Altman analyses found differences and systematic biases for comparison between USG and MRI for both ovaries (–2.58; limits of agreement=–14.56 to 9.40, Wilcoxon p = 0,008) and for the right ovary (–1.48; limits of agreement=–8.32 to 5.35, Wilcoxon p = 0,031). There was no difference between methods for the left ovary. Weighted Cohen Kappa coefficients showed substantial agreement between ovarian reserve classifications based on AMH levels, USG, and MRI. The conducted paired comparisons were USG with MRI (k = 0.676), AMH with MRI (k = 0.760) and USG (k = 0.609). Limitations, reasons for caution The systematic biases found when comparing USG to MRI methods may suggest a consistent detection of more follicles with MRI procedures in comparison to the USG method. This bias found warrants caution as it must be confirmed, in future studies. Wider implications of the findings: The MRI method reveals similar ovarian reserve to USG when used the same classification, and a higher agreement to AMH. This suggests that MRI is a reliable method of quantifying antral follicles and can also be adopted when the patient will need to evaluate pelvic pathologies. Trial registration number Not applicable