A phylogenetic study of the structural and functional characteristics of corticosteroid binding globulin in primates

1985 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Robinson ◽  
C. Hawkey ◽  
G. L. Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
World Monkey ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
New World Monkeys ◽  
Old World ◽  
Old World Monkey ◽  
Corticosteroid Binding Globulin ◽  
Steroid Binding

ABSTRACT A monospecific antiserum against human corticosteroid binding globulin (hCBG) has been used to identify structural similarities between hCBG and CBG in the blood of other primates and representative species of different vertebrate classes. Double immunodiffusion analysis indicated that only CBG in Old World monkeys and apes cross-react with the hCBG antiserum. This was confirmed by a solid-phase radioimmunoassay for hCBG which also demonstrated that CBG in apes is immunologically identical to hCBG and that Old World monkey CBG comprises most, but not all, of the hCBG epitopes. The electrophoretic mobilities of human, gorilla and gibbon CBG were similar (RF 0·50–0·51), but differed from Old World monkey CBG (RF 0·44–0·49) and chimpanzee CBG (RF 0·47). Although serum/plasma cortisol binding capacities were similar in Old World primates, the dissociation half-times (t½) of cortisol were higher from human and ape CBG (18–25 min) than from Old World monkey CBG (14–18 min). The steroid binding specificities of human and ape (CBG corticosterone > cortisol > progesterone ≥ testosterone) were also different from those of Old World monkey CBG (corticosterone >> cortisol ≃ progesterone > testosterone). Lemur plasma cortisol binding capacity and CBG dissociation t½ of cortisol were similar to hCBG, but its steroid binding specificity was different (cortisol > corticosterone > progesterone ≥ testosterone) and it did not cross-react with the hCBG antiserum. We could not detect high affinity cortisol binding activity in blood samples from New World monkeys, and they did not cross-react with the hCBG antiserum. These results suggest that considerable modification in the steroid binding activity and structure of CBG has occurred since the evolutionary appearance of the primates, but that the rate of change decreased after the cladogenesis of Catarrhine primates. J. Endocr. (1985) 104, 251–257

Spectral Sensitivity in Primates: A Comparative Study

1973 ◽  
Vol 36 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1239-1247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice Ptito ◽  
Bruno Cardu ◽  
Franco Lepore
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Sensitivity ◽  
New World ◽  
World Monkey ◽  
Cebus Capucinus ◽  
New World Monkeys ◽  
Old World ◽  
Long Wavelength ◽  
Old World Monkey ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Normal Human

The aim of this research was to compare the photopic and scotopic spectral sensitivity of 2 New World monkeys which have not been previously studied ( Cebus Capucinus and Lagothrix) with that of a normal trichromatic and a protanopic human S and an Old World monkey ( Macaca mulatta). Spectral sensitivity was measured at different wavelengths using a modified method of limits. The results showed that the spectral sensitivity was identical for all Ss at a scotopic level. At the photopic level the normal human S and the Old World monkey also had a similar sensitivity. Both New World monkeys had a marked deficiency in the long wavelength part of the spectrum. This deficiency was comparable to that of the human protan. These results added therefore further evidence that New World monkeys are red deficient.

scholarly journals Pulmonary granuloma is not always the tuberculosis hallmark: pathological findings of different tuberculosis stages in New and Old World Nonhuman Primates naturally infected with the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asheley H. B. Pereira ◽  
Claudia A. A. Lopes ◽  
Thalita A. Pissinatti ◽  
Ana C. A. Pinto ◽  
Daniel R. A. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
New World ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
World Monkey ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
New World Monkeys ◽  
Old World Monkeys ◽  
Pathological Findings ◽  
Old World ◽  
Pulmonary Granuloma

Abstract Herein we present the pathological findings of different tuberculosis stages in Old and New World monkeys kept under human care in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and naturally infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex. Fifteen nonhuman primates from five different colonies were incorporated into the study. There are 60% (9/15) Old World Monkeys and 40% (6/15) New World Monkeys. According to the gross and histopathologic findings, the lesions in nonhuman primates of this study are classified into the chronic-active, extrapulmonary, early-activation or latent-reactivation tuberculosis stage. Among the Old World Monkey, 66.7% (6/9) of nonhuman primates, all rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), showed severe granulomatous pneumonia. In all Old World Monkeys cases, typical granulomas were seen in at least one organ regardless of the stage of the disease. In the New World Monkeys, the typical pulmonary granulomas were seen in 16.7% (1/6) of the cases, just in the latent-reactivation stage in Uta Hick’s Bearded Saki (Chiropotes utahickae). In this study, 66.7% (6/9) of Old World Monkeys (OWM) and 83.3% (5/6) of New World Monkeys (NWM) showed pulmonary changes at the histological evaluation. The tuberculosis diagnosis in the nonhuman primates in this study was based on pathological, immunohistochemical, molecular, and bacteriological culture. Although the typical presentation was observed in some cases, the absence of pulmonary granuloma did not exclude the tuberculosis occurrence in nonhuman primates of the Old and New World. Tuberculosis should be included as a cause of interstitial pneumonia with foamy macrophages infiltration in the New World nonhuman primates. Due to the high sensitivity of immunohistochemistry with Anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis, we suggest the addition of this technique as a diagnostic tool of tuberculosis in the nonhuman primates even when the typical changes are not seen.

scholarly journals Complete genome sequence of simian adenovirus 1: an Old World monkey adenovirus with two fiber genes

2005 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 1681-1686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor M. Kovács ◽  
Balázs Harrach ◽  
Alexander N. Zakhartchouk ◽  
Andrew J. Davison
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
World Monkey ◽  
Human Adenovirus ◽  
Vaccine Production ◽  
Old World ◽  
Old World Monkey ◽  
Poliomyelitis Vaccine ◽  
Simian Adenovirus ◽  
Six Genes

Simian adenovirus 1 (SAdV-1) is one of many adenovirus strains that were isolated from Old World monkey cells during poliomyelitis vaccine production several decades ago. Despite the availability of these viruses, knowledge of their genetic content and phylogeny is rudimentary. In the present study, the genome sequence of SAdV-1 (34 450 bp) was determined and analysed. In regions where genetic content varies between primate adenoviruses, SAdV-1 has a single virus-associated RNA gene, six genes in each of the E3 and E4 regions and two fiber genes. SAdV-1 clusters phylogenetically with HAdV-40, a member of human adenovirus species HAdV-F, which also has two fiber genes. However, based on phylogenetic distances and other taxonomic criteria, SAdV-1 is proposed to represent a novel adenovirus species.

Genes Selectively Expressed in the Visual Cortex of the Old World Monkey

2013 ◽  
pp. 263-276
Author(s):  
Yusuke Komatsu ◽  
Shigeko Toita ◽  
Masanari Ohtsuka ◽  
Toru Takahata ◽  
Shiro Tochitani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
World Monkey ◽  
Old World ◽  
Old World Monkey

scholarly journals Metagenomic analyses reveal previously unrecognized variation in the diets of sympatric Old World monkey species

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. e0218245
Author(s):  
Martha M. Lyke ◽  
Anthony Di Fiore ◽  
Noah Fierer ◽  
Anne A. Madden ◽  
Joanna E. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
World Monkey ◽  
Old World ◽  
Old World Monkey ◽  
Monkey Species

Kainate receptor subunit expression in old-world monkey and human brain

1995 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 665
Author(s):  
J.H. Meador-Woodruff ◽  
S.P. Damask ◽  
R.E. King
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
World Monkey ◽  
Kainate Receptor ◽  
Receptor Subunit ◽  
Old World ◽  
Old World Monkey ◽  
Subunit Expression

scholarly journals Free-ranging Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys Rhinopithecus roxellana: Neophobia, neophilia, or both?

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiwei Fu ◽  
Dapeng Zhao ◽  
Xiaoguang Qi ◽  
Songtao Guo ◽  
Wei Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Monkey ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Rhinopithecus Roxellana ◽  
Old World ◽  
Novel Object ◽  
Old World Monkey ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract We studied the responsiveness of the Sichuan snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus roxellana, an arboreal Old World monkey, to the presence of novel stimuli associated with familiar food. We also determined differences in responses by age and sex. Results showed that monkeys exhibited neophilia and neophobia simultaneously when facing novel stimuli. Age affected the response to novel stimuli significantly, with immature individuals responding to novel stimuli most frequently and infants least frequently. No significant differences were observed for sex, although females were more responsive to the novel object than were males. Our results support the “readiness to eat” hypothesis that the presence of a novel object can increase latencies to consume familiar food.

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