Outline of the Activity of Administrative Structures of the State Office for Physical Education and Military Training in the Volhynian Province (1927–1939)

Author(s):  
Eligiusz Małolepszy ◽  
Teresa Drozdek-Małolepsza ◽  
Daniel Bakota
Author(s):  
Rian Quintes Bonifácio Costa ◽  
Leandro Lima Silva ◽  
Carlos Elias Pimentel ◽  
Erik Salum de Godoy ◽  
Dirceu Ribeiro Nogueira da Gama ◽  
...  

Introdução: No Brasil, o árbitro de futebol tem a necessidade de exercer uma profissão paralelamente ao exercício da arbitragem, e há uma carência de estudos que tenham procurado descrever as características sociodemográficas do árbitro de futebol.Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever e analisar as características sociodemográficas dos árbitros de futebol.Métodos: Estudo transversal observacional, do qual participaram 81 inscritos no curso de árbitro de futebol no estado do Rio de Janeiro, no ano de 2013 e 2014. Utilizou-se um questionário autopreenchível, com informações requeridas pelo banco de dados da Escola de Arbitragem de Futebol do Rio de Janeiro, com questões sobre: idade, gênero, grau de instrução e profissão.Resultados: A média de idade foi de 23,06. A maioria era do sexo masculino (81,5%), a idade variou entre 18-31 anos, com média de 23,06 (±3,12). Verificou-se que (76,5%) havia concluído o ensino médio, e (23,55%) o ensino superior, porém isso não foi significante estatisticamente. Não houve correlação dos níveis de escolaridade com a profissão. Verificou-se 26 profissões diferentes e um árbitro desempregado, sendo (43,2%) eram apenas estudantes e sem profissão. Dos 20 que tinham o ensino superior, 10 eram graduados em Educação Física e a diferença foi significativa (p<0,05).Conclusão: Os árbitros recém-formados que chegam ao quadro do estadual, na maioria são do sexo masculino, com menos de 25 anos de idade e que ainda não concluíram o ensino superior. Grande parte destes são profissionais de Educação Física. Os árbitros no Brasil exercem outras atividades profissões, além da arbitragem e, paralelamente, preparam-se física e psicologicamente para a arbitragem. Sociodemographic Profile of New Trained Soccer Referees in Rio de Janeiro Introduction: In Brazil, soccer referee has the need to practice a profession in parallel to the arbitration exercise, and there is a lack of studies that have tried to describe the sociodemographic characteristics of the football referee.Objective: The objective of the present study was to describe and analyze the sociodemographic characteristics of soccer referees.Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out, in which 81 participants enrolled in the soccer referee course in the state of Rio de Janeiro, in the year 2013 and 2014. A self-administered questionnaire was used, with information required by the database of the School of Arbitration of Football of Rio de Janeiro, with questions about: age, gender, degree of education and profession.Results: The mean age was 23.06. The majority were male (81.5%), age ranged from 18-31 years, with a mean of 23.06 (± 3.12). It was verified that (76.5%) had finished high school, and (23.55%) higher education, but this was not statistically significant. There was no correlation between levels of schooling and the profession. There were 26 different professions and one unemployed arbitrator, being (43.2%) only student and without profession. Of the 20 who had higher education, 10 were graduated on Physical Education and this difference was significant.Conclusion: The newly formed referees who reach the state board, most of whom are male, under 25 years of age and have not yet completed higher education. Most of them are Physical Education professionals. The referees in Brazil perform other professions, besides the arbitration and, in parallel, prepare themselves physically and psychologically for the arbitration.


2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (65) ◽  
pp. 307-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Leon Crochík

Abstract Hierarchies established in schools can lead to violence among students, particularly bullying, and this relationship is investigated in this study. A School Hierarchies Scale and a Peer Perception of Aggression Scale were applied to 274 9th grade students, both sexes, aged 14.08 years (SD = 0.81) old on average, attending four public schools in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The students more frequently perceived to be popular, were among the best in physical education and/or among the worst in academic subjects were also more frequently perceived to be bullies, while those more frequently perceived to be unpopular and having the worst performance in physical education were also more frequently perceived to be victims. Therefore, teachers should reflect upon the issue and fight school violence that may arise from these hierarchies.


Primary and secondary schools were hard hit by the war, with a dearth of supplies and trained teachers. Many colleges and universities, vacated by men off to war, would have had to close were it not for the U.S. military training units at the schools. Each institution in the state had some sort of government activity on their campuses, but the preeminent center was the Navy Pre-Fight School at UNC-Chapel Hill, where two future presidents of the United States, George H. W. Bush and Gerald Ford trained.


2020 ◽  
Vol XIII ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Justyna Lipińska

The conflict in Ukraine in 2014 raised questions in Poland about the legitimacy and effectiveness of the reform of the Polish army, which began in 2009. The abandonment of universal conscription and professionalization of the army resulted in a decrease in the number of people who underwent military training. And this began to raise concerns about the security of the state and its citizens. Research on the professionalization of the army and the impact of this decision on the increase or decrease of threats is important for Polish citizens. The article presents social opinions on this topic


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document