ROLE OF SUBPUBIC ANGLE IN SEXUAL DIMORPHISM & ITS CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: A MORPHOMETRIC STUDY IN ADULT HUMAN BONY PELVIS

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4.3) ◽  
pp. 3166-3169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanika Sachdeva ◽  
◽  
Rajan K Singla ◽  
Gurdeep Kalsey ◽  
◽  
...  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2.1) ◽  
pp. 7430-7434
Author(s):  
Kanika Sachdeva ◽  
◽  
Rajan K Singla ◽  
Gurdeep Kalsey ◽  
◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4620
Author(s):  
Holly J. Woodward ◽  
Dongxing Zhu ◽  
Patrick W. F. Hadoke ◽  
Victoria E. MacRae

Sex differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD), including aortic stenosis, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular calcification, are well documented. High levels of testosterone, the primary male sex hormone, are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular calcification, whilst estrogen, the primary female sex hormone, is considered cardioprotective. Current understanding of sexual dimorphism in cardiovascular calcification is still very limited. This review assesses the evidence that the actions of sex hormones influence the development of cardiovascular calcification. We address the current question of whether sex hormones could play a role in the sexual dimorphism seen in cardiovascular calcification, by discussing potential mechanisms of actions of sex hormones and evidence in pre-clinical research. More advanced investigations and understanding of sex hormones in calcification could provide a better translational outcome for those suffering with cardiovascular calcification.


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