scholarly journals Literature Review of the Concepts of Condylar Resorption, Incidences during Orthodontic and after Orthognathic Surgery and Treatment Measures

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alrezami K ◽  
Pu Y
Keyword(s):  
Orthognathic Surgery ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Plane Angle ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Treatment Measure ◽  
Mandibular Plane Angle

Condylar resorption and its incidence at an early age or after orthognathic surgery are well-documented issues, but it is associated with high controversies regarding its etiology and management. Lack of clear understanding of its pathogenies and the limitation of the available evidence inherited for the development of a systematic treatment approach and most previous studies recommended further investigation of the problem. This review aims to cover the problem of condylar resorption and its association with orthodontic and orthognathic surgery as well as to discuss the prospective treatment measure available through the literature. According to the available literature, most previous studies covered the condylar resorption of this type of patient (skeletal class II with high mandibular plane angle) following the orthognathic surgery. However, no studies investigated the long-term condition of the condyles of the involved patient before the surgery. Furthermore, there is no evidence for the orthodontic management of this challenging condition, and most recommendations come from case reports. So, it is crucial to assess the changes that happened to the condyle during the preoperative orthodontic and correlate the finding with what happened after the surgery to provide clear evidence that may help further understand the problem of condylar resorption. This evidence could be beneficial for both patients and clinicians. CT or CBCT images have been regarded as the best choice of detailed diagnosis and investigation of condylar resorption. The incidence of condylar resorption after orthognathic surgery with or without disc repositioning of skeletal class II with high mandibular plane angle is extremely suspected. However, artificial joint replacement is considered a gold standard treatment measure in severe or relapsed cases.

Evaluation of Cephalometric Standards for Zanjanian Population According to Downs' Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katayoon Khaleghi ◽  
Azin Nourian ◽  
Pooya Ghorbankhan ◽  
Arash Farzan
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Plane Angle ◽  
Gender Comparison ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Lower Incisors

Background: Following the morphological features of different races and ethnic groups, knowledge of standard dentofacial patterns of each ethnic group is essential. Therefore, this study aimed to explain cephalometric standards for the Zanjanian population according to Downs' analysis and compare them to Caucasian individuals. Methods: Seventy lateral cephalometries of Zanjanian adults (17 - 29 years old) who had been referred to a private orthodontic office in Zanjan, Iran with class I molar and canine relationship and normal overjet and overbite as well as minimum crowding/spacing/rotations were scanned and traced with the Novatech scanner and Dolphin software version 10. Next, statistical analyses were performed in order to compare the Zanjanian population to Caucasians. Results: We found a significant difference between males and females in terms of interincisal angle, incisor-occlusal angle, incisor-mandibular plane angle, upper incisor proclination, facial angle, and angle of convexity. Discussion: The analysis of six statistically significant parameters indicates that the upper and lower incisors in women of Zanjan were proclined and protruded compared with those of Caucasian subjects. Due to the statistical analysis on facial angle and angle of convexity, women also show more maxillary prognathism and skeletal class II pattern. Generally, a comparison of Zanjanian population cephalometrics based on Downs' analysis showed an increase in maxillary prognathism, maxillary and mandibular incisal protrusion and posterior rotation of the mandible. Conclusions: In conclusion, the Zanjanian population tends to have more dental and skeletal class II patterns than the Caucasians. In addition, gender comparison indicates lower and upper-incisors protrusion in women of Zanjan.

scholarly journals Effects of different nose types on class II treatments for female patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozkan Semih Cankaya ◽  
Fatih Celebi ◽  
Ali Altug Bicakci
Keyword(s):  
Orthognathic Surgery ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Lay People ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Aesthetic

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different nose types on the perception of facial aesthetics following camouflage treatment and orthognathic surgery for skeletal class II female patients. Methods A pre-treatment profile photograph of a skeletal class II adult patient was selected from the department archive. Two constructed photographs were created to represent orthognathic surgery and camouflage treatments with the aid of computer software. A total of 18 constructed images was composed using three profiles (pre-treatment, post-camouflage, and post-orthognathic surgery) and six nose types. These photographs were shown to the three groups (orthodontists, plastic surgeons, and lay people), and they were asked to assign an attractiveness score to each photo ranging from 0 to 100, with 0 indicating the least attractive and 100 indicating the most attractive. Results For the convex nose profiles, anterior movement of the mandible obtained by orthognathic surgery did not result in a significant change in the scores given by the lay people. When surgical or camouflage treatment was not implemented and, instead, just rhinoplasty was performed for these profiles, there was a significant increase in the aesthetic scores given by all groups. For the straight nose profiles, orthognathic surgery increased the attractiveness scores given by all groups. Furthermore, for all the profiles, extraction treatment did not affect the aesthetic scores given by any of the groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions The lay people perceived that having a convex-bridged nose was a bigger problem than having a retrognathic profile. Overall, in terms of skeletal and dental orthodontic treatments, nose shape should be considered during the treatment planning process.

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