Evaluation of Cephalometric Standards for Zanjanian Population According to Downs' Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katayoon Khaleghi ◽  
Azin Nourian ◽  
Pooya Ghorbankhan ◽  
Arash Farzan
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Plane Angle ◽  
Gender Comparison ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Lower Incisors

Background: Following the morphological features of different races and ethnic groups, knowledge of standard dentofacial patterns of each ethnic group is essential. Therefore, this study aimed to explain cephalometric standards for the Zanjanian population according to Downs' analysis and compare them to Caucasian individuals. Methods: Seventy lateral cephalometries of Zanjanian adults (17 - 29 years old) who had been referred to a private orthodontic office in Zanjan, Iran with class I molar and canine relationship and normal overjet and overbite as well as minimum crowding/spacing/rotations were scanned and traced with the Novatech scanner and Dolphin software version 10. Next, statistical analyses were performed in order to compare the Zanjanian population to Caucasians. Results: We found a significant difference between males and females in terms of interincisal angle, incisor-occlusal angle, incisor-mandibular plane angle, upper incisor proclination, facial angle, and angle of convexity. Discussion: The analysis of six statistically significant parameters indicates that the upper and lower incisors in women of Zanjan were proclined and protruded compared with those of Caucasian subjects. Due to the statistical analysis on facial angle and angle of convexity, women also show more maxillary prognathism and skeletal class II pattern. Generally, a comparison of Zanjanian population cephalometrics based on Downs' analysis showed an increase in maxillary prognathism, maxillary and mandibular incisal protrusion and posterior rotation of the mandible. Conclusions: In conclusion, the Zanjanian population tends to have more dental and skeletal class II patterns than the Caucasians. In addition, gender comparison indicates lower and upper-incisors protrusion in women of Zanjan.

scholarly journals Literature Review of the Concepts of Condylar Resorption, Incidences during Orthodontic and after Orthognathic Surgery and Treatment Measures

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alrezami K ◽  
Pu Y
Keyword(s):  
Orthognathic Surgery ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Plane Angle ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Treatment Measure ◽  
Mandibular Plane Angle

Condylar resorption and its incidence at an early age or after orthognathic surgery are well-documented issues, but it is associated with high controversies regarding its etiology and management. Lack of clear understanding of its pathogenies and the limitation of the available evidence inherited for the development of a systematic treatment approach and most previous studies recommended further investigation of the problem. This review aims to cover the problem of condylar resorption and its association with orthodontic and orthognathic surgery as well as to discuss the prospective treatment measure available through the literature. According to the available literature, most previous studies covered the condylar resorption of this type of patient (skeletal class II with high mandibular plane angle) following the orthognathic surgery. However, no studies investigated the long-term condition of the condyles of the involved patient before the surgery. Furthermore, there is no evidence for the orthodontic management of this challenging condition, and most recommendations come from case reports. So, it is crucial to assess the changes that happened to the condyle during the preoperative orthodontic and correlate the finding with what happened after the surgery to provide clear evidence that may help further understand the problem of condylar resorption. This evidence could be beneficial for both patients and clinicians. CT or CBCT images have been regarded as the best choice of detailed diagnosis and investigation of condylar resorption. The incidence of condylar resorption after orthognathic surgery with or without disc repositioning of skeletal class II with high mandibular plane angle is extremely suspected. However, artificial joint replacement is considered a gold standard treatment measure in severe or relapsed cases.

scholarly journals Perbedaan ukuran sinus maksilaris pada maloklusi kelas I, II, dan III skeletal ditinjau dari radiografi sefalometriThe difference in the maxillary sinus size of skeletal class I, II, and III malocclusions in terms of cephalometric radiographs

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Brandon Thamran ◽  
Mimi Marina Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Skeletal Malocclusion ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

Pendahuluan: Ukuran sinus maksilaris dapat dipengaruhi maloklusi skeletal, oleh karena itu pengetahuan dalam perkembangan dan ukuran sinus maksilaris penting dalam diagnosa dan menentukan rencana perawatan kasus maloklusi. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis perbedaan rerata ukuran sinus maksilaris pada maloklusi kelas I, II, dan III skeletal pada laki-laki dan perempuan. Metode: Jenis penelitian Penelitian deskriptif analitik dilakukan pada 96 pasien RSGM USU usia 18-35 tahun dengan Teknik purposive sampling, terdiri dari 27 relasi rahang Kelas I, 31 Kelas II dan 22 Kelas III. Subjek  diperoleh melalui pengukuran metode Steiner. Hasil tracing dipindahkan melalui scanner dan  pengukuran luas Sinus Maksilaris dengan program AutoCAD. Hasil: Rerata sinus maksilaris Kelas I skeletal adalah 1492,18268,44 mm2  untuk laki-laki dan 1614,80259,13 mm2 untuk perempuan p=0,275, maka tidak ada perbedaan signifikan antara rerata sinus maksilaris Kelas I skeletal pada laki-laki dan perempuan, Kelas II skeletal adalah 1879,75 mm2 untuk laki-laki dan 1544,41239,47 mm2 untuk perempuan diperoleh p=0,016, maka terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara rerata  sinus maksilaris Kelas II skeletal pada laki-laki dan perempuan, dan Kelas III skeletal adalah 1619,36 mm2 untuk laki-laki dan 1489,92 mm2 untuk perempuan diperoleh p=0,239, maka tidak ada perbedaan signifikan antara rerata  sinus maksilaris  Kelas III skeletal pada laki-laki dan perempuan. Rerata ukuran antar kelompok didapatkan 1572,93 263,72 mm2  untuk Kelas I skeletal, 1609,32 mm2 untuk Kelas II skeletal, dan 1531,11 mm2 untuk Kelas III skeletal dengan p=0,600, Hasil ini menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan rerata  sinus maksilaris pada maloklusi Kelas I, Kelas II dan Kelas III skeletal. Simpulan: Tidak ada perbedaan pada rerata ukuran sinus maksilaris pada maloklusi Kelas I, Kelas II dan Kelas III skeletal.Kata kunci: Ukuran sinus maksilaris, maloklusi skeletal, analisa Steiner, radiogram sefalometri. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Maxillary sinus size can be affected by skeletal malocclusion. Therefore knowledge of maxillary sinus development and size is essential in diagnosing and determining the treatment plan for malocclusion cases. This study was aimed to analyse the mean difference in maxillary sinus size in skeletal class I, II, and III malocclusions in males and females. Methods: This type of study was a descriptive-analytic study conducted on 96 patients at Universitas Sumatera Utara Dental Hospital aged 18-35 years with a purposive sampling technique, consisting of 27 Class I, 31 Class II and 22 Class III jaw relations. Subjects were obtained by measuring the Steiner method. The tracing results were transferred through a scanner and measuring the maxillary sinus area using the AutoCAD program. Results: The mean skeletal Class I maxillary sinus was 1492.18268.44 mm2 for men and 1614,80259.13 mm2 for women p = 0.275, so there was no significant difference between the mean skeletal Class I maxillary sinus in males and females. Class II skeletal is 1879.75 mm2 for men and 1544.41239.47 mm2 for women obtained p = 0.016. Hence, there is a significant difference between the mean skeletal Class II maxillary sinus in males and females, and skeletal Class III is 1619.36 mm2 for men and 1489.92 mm2 for women obtained p = 0.239, so there was no significant difference between the mean skeletal Class III maxillary sinus in males and females. The mean size between groups was 1572.93 263.72 mm2 for skeletal Class I, 1609.32 mm2 for skeletal Class II, and 1531.11 mm2 for skeletal Class III with p = 0.600. skeletal Class I, Class II and Class III malocclusions. Conclusion: There was no difference in mean maxillary sinus size in skeletal Class I, Class II and Class III malocclusions.Keywords: Maxillary sinus size, skeletal malocclusion, Steiner analysis, cephalometric radiograph.

scholarly journals Is Palatal Rugae Morphology Stable in Patients Treated with Myofunctional Therapy in Skeletal Class II Cases?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 562-566
Author(s):  
Monika M. Ahuja ◽  
Ranjit H. Kamble ◽  
Sunita Shrivastava ◽  
Navjeet S. Gurudatta ◽  
Pooja S. Bidwai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Myofunctional Therapy ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Palatal Rugae ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pre Treatment

BACKGROUND Palatine rugae are small transverse structures present in the anterior 2 / 3rd of the palate. These rugae are protected by various structures of the oral cavity. They are immovable structures but variations in the oral cavity may lead to alterations in these small structures. There have been many studies that have quoted changes in these rugae patterns with various tooth movements whereas various other studies demonstrate no significant changes. None of the studies in specific have mentioned about palatal rugae changes with myofunctional appliances. The objective of this research was to evaluate the palatal rugae morphology and its stability after myofunctional therapy, as expansion and movement of teeth might lead to changes in these rugae. METHODS A total of 90 maxillary casts, 30 of Class I, 30 of Class II pre-treatment and casts of same subjects after myofunctional therapy, patients age ranging between 10 and 13 years were selected for the study. Length, intermedial and interlateral distances, angle of divergence and position of rugae were studied based on Lysell Classification 1955 and Thomas and Kotze Classification 1983. RESULTS Secondary and fragmentary rugae were found to be statistically significant as they were increased in Class II samples compared to Class I. The rugae in Class II samples were found to be shorter and therefore significant results were seen. IM1, IM2, IM4, IM5 and IM6 were found to be statistically significant respectively. Similarly, IL2, IL4, IL5 and IL6 were appreciable. IM1 was found to be appreciable. IL1, IL2, IL3 and IL4 were statistically significant. Significant difference was found in mean rugae value among Class I and Class II pre-treatment groups. Statistically significant difference was found in mean rugae value among Class I and Class II pre-treatment group. Incisive papilla to posterior border of last rugae (IP-PBA) was found to be statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Myofunctional therapy did have an effect on the rugae pattern. But the age group of 10 – 13 years consisted of growing individuals. Therefore, it could not be concluded as to whether the changes were because of growth taking place or because of myofunctional therapy. KEY WORDS Palatine Rugae, Myofunctional Appliances, Class II Malocclusion

scholarly journals Prevalence of malocclusion in three planes of space in patients diagnosed with speech defects clinics at the graduate clinics of functional orthopedics and orthodontics, at the Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Manuel Peña ◽  
Maria del Pilar Rojas ◽  
Ángela Tirado ◽  
Berta Benavides ◽  
Marta Hurtado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Division I ◽  
Class I ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Speech Defects

Objective: To determine the prevalence of malocclusions in the three spaces planes in patients with dyslalias treated at the graduated functional orthopedics and orthodontic program at the Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Bogotá branch from January to July 2012. Materials and Methods: A transversal descriptive study was held in study casts models and craniofacial radiographs from patients 5 years and older diagnosed with dyslalia. The Bjork method of malocclusion record was applied at the vertical, transversal and sagittal and space abnormalities. In order to determine the skeletal maxilomandibular relationship at the sagittal plane the McNamara analysis was applied. The statistical analysis for malocclusion was held trough analysis of frequency and percentage. Results: The prevalence of malocclusions in patients diagnosed and evaluated was 68.3% sagittal, 51.2% vertical, 19.5% transversal and a 36.6% of space abnormalities. Conclusions: Class I malocclusion had the higher prevalence, the relation between skeletal class II division I with increased over jet and dyslalia was not found.

scholarly journals Effect of Incisor Angulation on Overjet and Overbite in Class II Camouflage Treatment

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 1011-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasinee Sangcharearn ◽  
Christopher Ho
Keyword(s):  
Class Ii ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Lower Incisor ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Premolar Extraction ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Extraction Treatment ◽  
Lower Incisors

Abstract Objectives: To determine the amount of variation in overjet and overbite that may result from changes in upper and lower incisor angulations following upper first premolar extraction treatment in Class II malocclusions. Materials and Methods: Typodonts were set up to simulate a skeletal Class II occlusion treated with upper first premolar extractions. The upper incisor angulation was altered through a range from 100° to 120° to the palatal plane by 2° increments. The overjet and overbite were measured with every 2° of upper incisor angulation change. A regression analysis was performed on the experimental data, and the regression coefficients, slope, and intercept were estimated. Results: Excessive proclination of the lower incisors will result in an abnormal overjet and overbite relationship for any magnitude of upper incisor angulation. A normal lower incisor angulation facilitates the attainment of an optimal occlusion. Excessive palatal root torque of the upper incisors will result in an increase in overjet and a consequent decrease in overbite. If the upper incisors are excessively retroclined, an edge-to-edge incisor relationship will result. Conclusion: Class II camouflage treatment with upper first premolar extractions requires correctly angulated incisors to achieve optimal buccal segment interdigitation and incisor relationship. Labial root torque and interproximal reduction of the lower anterior teeth should be considered when the lower incisors are excessively proclined.

scholarly journals Cone-beam evaluation of pharyngeal airway space in adult skeletal Class II patients with different condylar positions

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 312-316
Author(s):  
Jintao Xu ◽  
Ruonan Sun ◽  
Linna Wang ◽  
Xiaoying Hu
Keyword(s):  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Pharyngeal Airway ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Posterior Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anterior Group

ABSTRACT Objectives: To test the null hypothesis that there is no significant difference in pharyngeal airway space among adult skeletal Class II patients with different condylar positions using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: The CBCT records of 60 patients with skeletal Class II malocclusion (ANB angle ≥ 4°, Wits ≥ 0) were selected from the CBCT database. According to the condyle position, the patients were divided in three groups: anterior group (CD ≤ −12%), centric group (−12% ≤ CD ≤ +12%), and posterior group (CD ≥ +12%). Three-dimensional (3D) pharyngeal airway models were reconstructed using InvivoDental software 5.1.3. The volume and area of the pharyngeal airway space were measured in the 3D airway model. Results: The volume and area of the pharyngeal airway space in the centric group were significantly smaller than those in the posterior group (P < .01). The volume and area of the pharyngeal airway space were smallest in the anterior group and significantly increased in the centric and posterior groups (P < .001). Conclusions: The null hypothesis was rejected. Significant differences were noted in pharyngeal airway space among adult skeletal Class II patients with different condylar positions.

scholarly journals Cephalometric Evaluation of Nasopharyngeal Airway and Hyoid Bone Position in Subgroups of Class II Malocclusions

2020 ◽  
pp. 290-302
Author(s):  
Muhammed Hilmi Buyukcavus ◽  
Gönül Kocakara
Keyword(s):  
Hyoid Bone ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Retrospective Clinical Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Airway ◽  
Mandibular Retrognathia ◽  
Airway Dimensions

The aim of the study is to evaluate pharyngeal airway dimensions and hyoid bone position according to different Class II malocclusion types in Turkish population. Materials and Methods: The retrospective clinical study consisted of patients divided into 3 subgroups with skeletal Class II malocclusion. A total of 221 individuals (131 females and 90 males) were included in the study. Individuals with skeletal Class II malocclusion were divided into three subgroups as maxillary prognathia, mandibular retrognathia and combined. In the cephalometric analysis; 8 nasopharyngeal, 7 oropharyngeal, 2 hypopharyngeal, 9 hyoid measurements and 4 area measurements were used. The distribution of sex and growth-development stages of the patients were compared with the Pearson chi-square test. One-way ANOVA was used to evaluate patients. Tukey Post-Hoc tests were used for bilateral comparisons for significant parameters. SPSS package program was used for data analysis. Results were considered statistically significant at p<0.05 significance level. Results: According to findings, there was no significant difference between the groups in nasopharyngeal airway and area measurements (p>0.05). When the position of the hyoid bone was evaluated, a statistically significant difference was found between the three groups in the measurements of Hy-Pg (mm) (p<0.05). Conclusion: Linear and areal nasopharyngeal airway dimensions are similar in subgroups of Class II malocclusions, while the distance of the hyoid bone from the pogonion is less in the mandibular retrognathia group.

scholarly journals Evaluation of effect of PowerScopeTM class II corrector on skeletal, dental and Oro-pharyngeal airway dimension in Skeletal class II cases - A controlled prospective clinical study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-149
Author(s):  
Vijaylaxmi Mendigeri ◽  
Sanjay Ganeshkar ◽  
Praveen Ramdurg ◽  
Shruti Singh ◽  
Nishi Grover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Class Ii ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Prospective Clinical Study ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Pharyngeal Airway ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Lower Incisors

: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of PowerScope (Class II Corrector) on skeletal, dental and oro-pharyngeal airway dimensions in class II malocclusion with retrusive mandible. Twenty patients with age group of 11 to 14 were selected for this study. Experimental group underwent Power scope class II corrector therapy and control group, alignment of only upper arch respectively. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken in both experimental group and control group before and after 6 month of treatment. Sixteen measurements in that eight skeletal, five dental and three pharyngeal airway were assessed to know the effect of PowerScope Class II corrector on skeletal, dental and pharyngeal airway PowerScope Class II corrector after treatment showed significant change in SNB (P = 0.01*), ANB (P=0.001*), Inferior airway space (IAS) (P=0.006*), lower incisors position (P=0.0001*) and overjet (P=0.0001*) where as these values were insignificant on comparison with control group except for lower incisors position (P=0.001*) and overjet (P=0.0001*) indicating that PowerScope corrects class II malocclusion mainly by dento alveolar changes not have significant effect on skeletal and oro-pharyngeal airway. Power Scope (Class II corrector) corrects skeletal class II malocclusion mainly by dental changes and has insignificant effect on skeletal and oro-pharyngeal airway.

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