scholarly journals Investigation of PhAR transmission through the bark in silver birch and Karelian birch

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Виктор Константинович Болондинский ◽  
Людмила Матвеевна Виликайнен ◽  
Viktor Bolondinskii ◽  
Ludmila Vilikainen
Keyword(s):  
Silver Birch ◽  
Karelian Birch

scholarly journals Ontogenetic variability of parameters of fibers of libriform of local and induced species of birches

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
М.А. Мацнева ◽  
И.Ю. Исаков
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Minimum Length ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Downy Birch ◽  
Karelian Birch

В статье приводятся результаты замеров длины, ширины и толщины стенки волокон либриформа березы пушистой, березы повислой и березы карельской. Для определения оценки влияния возраста дерева на перечисленные параметры либриформа был проведен однофакторный дисперсионный анализ. Для проведения анализа был произведен набор кернов с деревьев определенного генетиче- ского происхождения, свободноопыленных вариантов в испытательных культурах березы инбредного, аутбредного и гибридного происхождения. Возраст деревьев – 23 года. Приготовленный препарат в виде древесной стружки, отобранной по пятилетиям, рассматривался под микроскопом. Предварительно был проведен процесс мацерации в растворе 10%-го хромового ангидрида и 10%-й азотной кислоты (10% HNO3 + 10% K2Cr2O7) в течение двух суток. Была проведена статистическая обработка полученных данных для уровня вероятно- сти 0,95. В результате проведенных исследований была установлена прямая зависимость влияния возраста дерева на длину, ширину и толщину стенки волокон либриформа. Если сравнивать полученные значения параметров либриформа рассматриваемых видов, то можно сделать вывод, что береза повислая (местный вид) отличается лучшими показателями, что доказывает её приспособленность к влиянию внешних факторов среды. Наименьшие показатели у березы карельской, как интродуцированной породы. Береза пушистая характеризуется средними показателями, в целом достаточно хорошо описывающими данный вид. Полученная длина волокна позволяет характеризовать древесину отобранных вариантов березы повислой и березы пушистой как плотную, прочную и устойчивую к гнилям, что повышает её качество и позволяет рекомендовать её как перспективную культуру для лесовыращивания. Длина волокон либриформа березы повислой и березы пушистой значительно превышает минимальные требо- вания длины необходимой для использования в целлюлозно-бумажной промышленности. Поэтому изученные деревья данных видов можно также рекомендовать для использования в лесоперерабатывающей промышленности. The article presents the results of measurements of length, width and wall thickness of fibers libriform downy birch, silver birch and Karelian birch. To estimate the influence of tree age on these parameters libriform was conducted by univariate analysis of variance. For analysis were produced by a set of cores from trees of a particular genetic origin, open-pollination in test cultures of inbred birch, an outbred and hybrid origin. The age of the trees 23 years. The prepared drug in the form of wood chips, selected on the years, were viewed under the microscope. Previously there were the process of maceration in a solution of 10% chromium trioxide and 10% nitric acid (10% HNO3 + 10% K2Cr2O7) for two hours. Was carried out statistical processing of the obtained data for confidence level of 0.95. The result of the research was direct dependence of the influence of tree age on the length, width and wall thickness of fibers libriform. If to compare the received parameter values libriform the species in question, we can conclude that the silver birch (local species) has a better performance, which proves its adaptability to the influence of external environmental factors. The lowest indicators of Karelian birch, how the introduced species. Downy birch is characterized by the average performance, in general, quite well described by this type. The resulting length of the fiber enables us to characterize the wood of the selected options silver birch and downy birch as dense, durable and resistant to root rot, which improves its quality and allows to recommend it in culture as promising for forest cultivation. The length of the fibers libriform silver birch and downy birch far exceeds the minimum length requirement needed for use in the pulp and paper industry. Therefore, the studied trees of these species can also be recommended for use in the timber industry.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF CADMIUM IONS ON THE GERMINATION OF KARELIAN BIRCH AND SILVER BIRCH SEEDS

2020 ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Лидия Васильевна Ветчинникова ◽  
Александр Федорович Титов ◽  
Lidia Vetchinnikova ◽  
Alexander Titov
Keyword(s):  
Silver Birch ◽  
Cadmium Ions ◽  
Karelian Birch

scholarly journals Research of respiration of twigs and stems of the Karelian birch and Silver birch

2016 ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Виктор Константинович Болондинский ◽  
Людмила Матвеевна Виликайнен ◽  
Viktor Bolondinsky ◽  
Lyudmila Vilikainen
Keyword(s):  
Silver Birch ◽  
Karelian Birch

scholarly journals Molecular Genetic Characteristics of Different Scenarios of Xylogenesis on the Example of Two Forms of Silver Birch Differing in the Ratio of Structural Elements in the Xylem

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1593
Author(s):  
Natalia A. Galibina ◽  
Tatiana V. Tarelkina ◽  
Olga V. Chirva ◽  
Yulia L. Moshchenskaya ◽  
Kseniya M. Nikerova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Vascular Patterning ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Birch Trees ◽  
Figured Wood ◽  
Karelian Birch

Silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) is an economically important species in Northern Europe. The current research focused on the molecular background of different xylogenesis scenarios in the birch trunks. The study objects were two forms of silver birch, silver birch trees, and Karelian birch trees; the latter form is characterized by the formation of two types of wood, non-figured (straight-grained) and figured, respectively, while it is currently not clear which factors cause this difference. We identified VND/NST/SND genes that regulate secondary cell wall biosynthesis in the birch genome and revealed differences in their expression in association with the formation of xylem with different ratios of structural elements. High expression levels of BpVND7 accompanied differentiation of the type of xylem which is characteristic of the species. At the same time, the appearance of figured wood was accompanied by the low expression levels of the VND genes and increased levels of expression of NST and SND genes. We identified BpARF5 as a crucial regulator of auxin-dependent vascular patterning and its direct target—BpHB8. A decrease in the BpARF5 level expression in differentiating xylem was a specific characteristic of both Karelian birch with figured and non-figured wood. Decreased BpARF5 level expression in non-figured trees accompanied by decreased BpHB8 and VND/NST/SND expression levels compared to figured Karelian birch trees. According to the results obtained, we suggested silver birch forms differing in wood anatomy as valuable objects in studying the regulation of xylogenesis.

Update on the Boundaries of the Curly Birch Range

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-21
Author(s):  
L.V. Vetchinnikova ◽  
◽  
A.F. Titov ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Population Approach ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Karelian Birch

The article reports on the application of the best known principles for mapping natural populations of curly (Karelian) birch Betula pendula Roth var. carelica (Mercklin) Hämet-Ahti – one of the most appealing representatives of the forest tree flora. Relying on the synthesis and analysis of the published data amassed over nearly 100 years and the data from own full-scale studies done in the past few decades almost throughout the area where curly birch has grown naturally, it is concluded that its range outlined in the middle of the 20th century and since then hardly revised is outdated. The key factors and reasons necessitating its revision are specified. Herewith it is suggested that the range is delineated using the population approach, and the key element will be the critical population size below which the population is no longer viable in the long term. This approach implies that the boundaries of the taxon range depend on the boundaries of local populations (rather than the locations of individual trees or small clumps of trees), the size of which should not be lower than the critical value, which is supposed to be around 100–500 trees for curly birch. A schematic map of the curly birch range delineated using this approach is provided. We specially address the problem of determining the minimum population size to secure genetic diversity maintenance. The advantages of the population approach to delineating the distribution range of curly birch with regard to its biological features are highlighted. The authors argue that it enables a more accurate delineation of the range; shows the natural evolutionary history of the taxon (although it is not yet officially recognized as a species) and its range; can be relatively easily updated (e.g. depending on the scope of reintroduction); should be taken into account when working on the strategy of conservation and other actions designed to maintain and regenerate this unique representative of the forest tree flora.

LABILE NITROGEN AVAILABILITY IN SOIL INFLUENCES THE EXPRESSION OF WOOD PATTERN IN KARELIAN BIRCH

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (10) ◽  
pp. 1598-1609
Author(s):  
N. A. Galibina ◽  
L. L. Novitskaya ◽  
K. M. Nikerova ◽  
E. V. Moshkina ◽  
Yu. L. Moshchenskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Karelian Birch

scholarly journals Growth Responses of Boreal Scots Pine, Norway Spruce and Silver Birch Seedlings to Simulated Climate Warming over Three Growing Seasons in a Controlled Field Experiment

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 943
Author(s):  
Katri Nissinen ◽  
Virpi Virjamo ◽  
Antti Kilpeläinen ◽  
Veli-Pekka Ikonen ◽  
Laura Pikkarainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Simulated Climate ◽  
Shoot And Root Biomass

We studied the growth responses of boreal Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) seedlings to simulated climate warming of an average of 1.3 °C over the growing season in a controlled field experiment in central Finland. We had six replicate plots for elevated and ambient temperature for each tree species. The warming treatment lasted for the conifers for three growing seasons and for the birch two growing seasons. We measured the height and diameter growth of all the seedlings weekly during the growing season. The shoot and root biomass and their ratios were measured annually in one-third of seedlings harvested from each plot in autumn. After two growing seasons, the height, diameter and shoot biomass were 45%, 19% and 41% larger in silver birch seedlings under the warming treatment, but the root biomass was clearly less affected. After three growing seasons, the height, diameter, shoot and root biomass were under a warming treatment 39, 47, 189 and 113% greater in Scots pine, but the root:shoot ratio 29% lower, respectively. The corresponding responses of Norway spruce to warming were clearly smaller (e.g., shoot biomass 46% higher under a warming treatment). As a comparison, the relative response of height growth in silver birch was after two growing seasons equal to that measured in Scots pine after three growing seasons. Based on our findings, especially silver birch seedlings, but also Scots pine seedlings benefitted from warming, which should be taken into account in forest regeneration in the future.

scholarly journals Towards Silviculture Guidelines to Produce Large-Sized Silver Birch (Betula pendula Roth) Logs in Western Europe

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 599
Author(s):  
Héloïse Dubois ◽  
Hugues Claessens ◽  
Gauthier Ligot
Keyword(s):  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Betula Pendula Roth ◽  
Crown Diameter ◽  
Birch Trees ◽  
Timber Tree ◽  
Northeastern France

Forest health problems arising from climate change, pests and pathogens are a threat to the main timber tree species. As a result, silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) has become a precious asset for meeting oncoming forestry challenges in western Europe. However, silviculture guidelines to produce high-value birch logs in this region are lacking. Producing large-sized birch trunks requires crown release, i.e., removing crown competitors around selected target trees. These interventions are currently seldom carried out or else too late when the growth potential of the trees has already diminished. This study set out to ascertain the diameter at breast height (dbh) that could be reached by crown-released birch, determine dbh-associated crown diameters, and further characterize the gain obtained from early crown release on birch dbh growth. We measured 704 birch trees that had undergone crown release in 38 naturally regenerated pure birch stands in southern Belgium and in northeastern France. We then evaluated the variation in stem and crown diameter, and analyzed increments in response to the earliness of the interventions in three subsamples, also compared with control target birch. We found that trees with a dbh of 50 cm could be grown within 60 years. Based on crown diameter, to produce 40, 50 and 60 cm dbh trunk, the distance required between target birch trees at the end of the rotation was around 8, 10 and 12 m. With no intervention and in ordinary dense birch regenerations, the dbh increment was found to decline once the stand reached age 4–7 years. Starting crown release in stands aged 4–5 years can double the dbh increment of target trees and provide a continual gain that may last up to 20 years. When birch crowns are released after 9–12 years, it may already be too late for them to recover their best growth rate. Our contribution should help complete emerging guidelines in support of birch silviculture development.

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