scholarly journals Side-to-side asymmetry in absolute and relative muscle thickness of the lateral abdominal wall in cricket pace bowlers

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Olivier ◽  
AV Stewart ◽  
W Mckinon
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Abdominal Muscle ◽  
Transversus Abdominis ◽  
Abdominal Musculature ◽  
Lateral Abdominal Wall ◽  
The Right ◽  
Straight Leg Raise ◽  
Lower Back Injury

Background. The abdominal musculature plays a protective role against lower-back injury. Knowledge of the asymmetry in abdominal wall thickness in healthy, injury-free cricket pace bowlers may provide a useful platform against which pathology could be assessed and the effects of training could be evaluated.Objective. To compare side-to-side differences in absolute muscle thickness and activity of the abdominal musculature and to compare these measurements at the start, with those at the end of a cricket season among a group of amateur pace bowlers.Methods. This was a controlled longitudinal prospective study. Rehabilitative ultrasound imaging was used to assess abdominal muscle thickness in 26 right-handed, injury-free cricket pace bowlers at the start and at the end of a cricket season. Thickness measurements were done at rest, during an abdominal drawing-in manoeuvre (ADIM) and the active straight-leg raise (ASLR) on the left (-L) and right (-R).Results. The absolute thickness of the non-dominant obliquus abdominis internus (OI) was higher than that of the dominant OI at the start (p=0.001; ES=0.87) as well as at the end of the cricket season (p=0.001; ES 1.09). At the start of the season, the percentage change during the ADIM, thus muscle activity, was higher for the non-dominant OI than for the dominant OI (p=0.02; ES=0.51). Absolute thickness of the dominant obliquus abdominis externus (OE) at rest was significantly higher at the end of the season compared with the start of the season (p=0.0001; ES=0.85). During ASLR-R, the activity of the left transversus abdominis (TA) was significantly higher than that of the right TA during ASLR-L (p=0.03) when measured at the end of the season.Conclusion. This study highlights the possible muscle adaptations in absolute muscle thickness and activity as a consequence of the asymmetrical bowling action.

scholarly journals Side-to-side asymmetry in absolute and relative muscle thickness of the lateral abdominal wall in cricket pace bowlers

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
B Olivier ◽  
AV Stewart ◽  
W Mckinon
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Abdominal Muscle ◽  
Transversus Abdominis ◽  
Abdominal Musculature ◽  
Lateral Abdominal Wall ◽  
The Right ◽  
Straight Leg Raise ◽  
Lower Back Injury

Background. The abdominal musculature plays a protective role against lower-back injury. Knowledge of the asymmetry in abdominal wall thickness in healthy, injury-free cricket pace bowlers may provide a useful platform against which pathology could be assessed and the effects of training could be evaluated.Objective. To compare side-to-side differences in absolute muscle thickness and activity of the abdominal musculature and to compare these measurements at the start, with those at the end of a cricket season among a group of amateur pace bowlers.Methods. This was a controlled longitudinal prospective study. Rehabilitative ultrasound imaging was used to assess abdominal muscle thickness in 26 right-handed, injury-free cricket pace bowlers at the start and at the end of a cricket season. Thickness measurements were done at rest, during an abdominal drawing-in manoeuvre (ADIM) and the active straight-leg raise (ASLR) on the left (-L) and right (-R).Results. The absolute thickness of the non-dominant obliquus abdominis internus (OI) was higher than that of the dominant OI at the start (p=0.001; ES=0.87) as well as at the end of the cricket season (p=0.001; ES 1.09). At the start of the season, the percentage change during the ADIM, thus muscle activity, was higher for the non-dominant OI than for the dominant OI (p=0.02; ES=0.51). Absolute thickness of the dominant obliquus abdominis externus (OE) at rest was significantly higher at the end of the season compared with the start of the season (p=0.0001; ES=0.85). During ASLR-R, the activity of the left transversus abdominis (TA) was significantly higher than that of the right TA during ASLR-L (p=0.03) when measured at the end of the season.Conclusion. This study highlights the possible muscle adaptations in absolute muscle thickness and activity as a consequence of the asymmetrical bowling action.

scholarly journals Comparison of the flank and ventral midline approach for ovariohysterecto-my in bitches

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (98) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
A. D. Stepanov
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Research Work ◽  
White Line ◽  
Lateral Abdominal Wall ◽  
Surgical Access ◽  
Anterior Edge ◽  
Vertical Incision ◽  
Surgical Sutures ◽  
The Right ◽  
Midline Approach

Surgical access for ovariohysterectomy in bitches through the right lateral abdominal wall with an incision in its upper third in the direction from the anterior edge of the macula to the fourth nipple of the corresponding side of the breast is proposed. The article presents the results of studies obtained when used for the purpose of ovariohysterectomy in bitches of operative access through the right lateral and ventral abdominal wall. Research work was conducted on healthy mature bitches. The operations were performed in the area of the right lateral abdominal wall and in the umbilical region. On the lateral abdominal wall, an oblique-vertical incision was used at the border of the inguinal and iliac areas in the direction from the anterior edge of the macula to the fourth nipple of the corresponding side of the breast. The ventral abdominal wall was cut along the white line. It was found that when performing ovariohysterectomy in bitches using the proposed surgical access through the right lateral abdominal wall with a smaller wound size (P < 0.05), the duration of the operation and the healing period correspond to those when using median laparotomy. It is proved that operative access with oblique-vertical incision in the area of the right lateral abdominal wall at the border of the groin and anus during ovariohysterectomy in bitches provides favorable opportunities for surgical reception and closure of the surgical wound. The number of surgical sutures for sutures on the abdominal wall is less than in the case of ventral access (P < 0.01). It is also noted that in ovariohysterectomy in bitches, operative access through the right lateral abdominal wall with an incision in the direction from the anterior edge of the macula to the fourth nipple of the corresponding side of the breast may be recommended as an alternative access through the white line of the abdomen.

scholarly journals O50 ALTERATIONS IN THE ABDOMINAL WALL MUSCULATURE AFTER ENDOSCOPIC ANTERIOR AND OPEN POSTERIOR COMPONENT SEPARATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erling Oma ◽  
Jan Kim Christensen ◽  
Jorge Daes ◽  
Lars Nannestad Jorgensen
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Component Separation ◽  
Fascial Closure ◽  
Lateral Abdominal Wall ◽  
Transverse Abdominis ◽  
Abdominal Wall Muscle ◽  
Anterior Component Separation

Abstract Aim Effects of component separation (CS) on abdominal wall musculature have only been investigated in smaller case series. The study aimed to compare abdominal wall alterations following endoscopic anterior component separation (EACS) or transverse abdominis release (TAR). Material and Methods Computed tomography scans were evaluated in patients who underwent open ventral hernia repair with TAR or EACS. Lateral abdominal wall muscle thickness and displacement were compared with preoperative images after bilateral CS and the undivided side postoperatively after unilateral CS. Results In total, 105 patients were included. The mean defect width was 12.2 cm. Fifty-five (52%) and 15 (14%) underwent bilateral and unilateral EACS, respectively. Five (5%) and 14 (13%) underwent bilateral and unilateral TAR, respectively. Sixteen (15%) underwent unilateral EACS and contralateral TAR. Complete fascial closure was achieved in 103 (98%) patients. The external oblique and transverse abdominis muscles were significantly laterally displaced with a mean of 2.74 cm (95% CI 2.29-3.19 cm) and 0.82 cm (0.07-1.57 cm) after EACS and TAR, respectively. The combined thickness of the lateral muscles was significantly decreased after EACS (mean decrease 10.5% [5.8-15.6%]) and insignificantly decreased after TAR (mean decrease 2.6% [-4.8-9.5%]), mean reduction difference EACS versus TAR 0.22 cm (-0.01-0.46 cm). One (1%) patient developed an iatrogenic linea semilunaris hernia after EACS. The recurrence rate was 19% after mean 1.7 years follow-up. Conclusions The divided muscle was significantly more laterally displaced after EACS compared with TAR. The thickness of the lateral muscles was slightly decreased after EACS and unchanged after TAR.

Concomitant Anterior and Posterior Component Separations: Absolutely Contraindicated?

2020 ◽  
pp. 155335062091419
Author(s):  
Jorge Daes ◽  
Joshua S. Winder ◽  
Eric M. Pauli
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Lateral Displacement ◽  
Abdominal Wall Reconstruction ◽  
Component Separation ◽  
Transversus Abdominis ◽  
Lateral Abdominal Wall ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Fresh Cadaver ◽  
Semilunar Line ◽  
Internal Oblique

Many experts in abdominal wall reconstruction believe that the combination of simultaneous ipsilateral anterior component separation (ACS) and posterior component separation (PCS) is contraindicated. We performed ipsilateral endoscopic ACS and either endoscopic or open PCS-transversus abdominis release (TAR) in 5 fresh cadaver models. The full length of the semilunar line and the lateral abdominal wall remained well reinforced by 2 complete layers, comprising the internal oblique (IO) and TA muscles and their investing fasciae. Myofascial releases occurred 4 cm (median) apart. Additionally, we reviewed computed tomography images at 1 month and 1 year after PCS-TAR in 17 patients (30 PCS-TARs). Lateral displacement of the TA relative to the rectus abdominis (RA) was significant only at the superior mesenteric artery level, where it was <1 cm (median). Muscle mass changed minimally over time. Several studies showed that abdominal wall reconstruction after PCS-TAR results in compensatory muscular hypertrophy of the RA, external oblique (EO), and IO muscles and provides better quality of life and improved core physiology. These changes did not occur when the midline was not restored. Theoretically, endoscopic ACS-EO may be added to PCS-TAR to avoid partially bridged mesh repair in patients in whom complete midline restoration is impossible via PCS-TAR alone. Nevertheless, we advise most surgeons to perform a small-bridged repair instead of risking increased morbidity by attempting a highly complicated procedure.

Changes in Muscle Thickness After Exercise and Biofeedback in People With Low Back Pain

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shandi L. Partner ◽  
Mark Alan Sutherlin ◽  
Shellie Acocello ◽  
Susan A. Saliba ◽  
Eric M. Magrum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Transversus Abdominis ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Lateral Abdominal Wall ◽  
Percent Change ◽  
Before And After

Context:Individuals with low back pain (LBP) have reduced function of the transversus abdominis (TrA) and lumbar multifidus (LM) muscles. Biofeedback during exercise may increase the ability to contract the TrA and LM muscles compared with exercise alone.Objective:To compare TrA preferential activation ratio (PAR) and the percent change in LM-muscle thickness in patients with LBP history before and after exercise with or without biofeedback.Design:Controlled laboratory study.Setting:University research laboratory.Patients:20 LBP individuals, 10 exercise alone and 10 exercise with biofeedback.Interventions:Patients were allotted to tabletop exercises in isolation or tabletop exercises with visual, auditory, and tactile biofeedback.Main Outcome Measures:TrA PAR and percent change in LM-muscle thickness.Results:There were no differences between groups at baseline (all P > .05). Nonparametric statistics showed decreased resting muscle thickness for total lateral abdominal-wall muscles (P = .007) but not TrA (P = .410) or LM (P = .173). Percent TrA thickness increased from table to standing positions before (P = .006) and after exercise (P = .009). TrA PAR increased after exercise (pre 0.01 ± 0.02, post 0.03 ± 0.04, P = .033) for all patients and for exercise with biofeedback (pre 0.02 ± 0.01, post 0.03 ± 0.01, P = .037) but not for exercise alone (pre 0.01 ± 0.02, post 0.02 ± 0.05, P = .241). No group differences were observed for TrA PAR before (exercise 0.01 ± 0.02, exercise with biofeedback 0.02 ± 0.01, P = .290) or after exercise (exercise 0.02 ± 0.05, exercise with biofeedback 0.03 ± 0.01, P = .174). There were no group differences in LM percent change before exercise (P = .999) or after exercise (P = .597). In addition, no changes were observed in LM percent change as a result of exercise among all participants (P = .391) or for each group (exercise P = .508, exercise with biofeedback P = .575).Conclusion:TrA PAR increased after a single session of exercises, whereas no thickness changes occurred in LM.

scholarly journals Changes in Respiratory Muscle Thickness during Mechanical Ventilation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong-Hua Shi ◽  
Heder de Vries ◽  
Harm-Jan de Grooth ◽  
Annemijn H. Jonkman ◽  
Yingrui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Diaphragm Thickness ◽  
Lateral Abdominal Wall ◽  
Expiratory Muscle ◽  
Expiratory Muscles ◽  
Muscle Ultrasound

Background The lateral abdominal wall muscles are recruited with active expiration, as may occur with high breathing effort, inspiratory muscle weakness, or pulmonary hyperinflation. The effects of critical illness and mechanical ventilation on these muscles are unknown. This study aimed to assess the reproducibility of expiratory muscle (i.e., lateral abdominal wall muscles and rectus abdominis muscle) ultrasound and the impact of tidal volume on expiratory muscle thickness, to evaluate changes in expiratory muscle thickness during mechanical ventilation, and to compare this to changes in diaphragm thickness. Methods Two raters assessed the interrater and intrarater reproducibility of expiratory muscle ultrasound (n = 30) and the effect of delivered tidal volume on expiratory muscle thickness (n = 10). Changes in the thickness of the expiratory muscles and the diaphragm were assessed in 77 patients with at least two serial ultrasound measurements in the first week of mechanical ventilation. Results The reproducibility of the measurements was excellent (interrater intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.994 [95% CI, 0.987 to 0.997]; intrarater intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.992 [95% CI, 0.957 to 0.998]). Expiratory muscle thickness decreased by 3.0 ± 1.7% (mean ± SD) with tidal volumes of 481 ± 64 ml (P &lt; 0.001). The thickness of the expiratory muscles remained stable in 51 of 77 (66%), decreased in 17 of 77 (22%), and increased in 9 of 77 (12%) patients. Reduced thickness resulted from loss of muscular tissue, whereas increased thickness mainly resulted from increased interparietal fasciae thickness. Changes in thickness of the expiratory muscles were not associated with changes in the thickness of the diaphragm (R2 = 0.013; P = 0.332). Conclusions Thickness measurement of the expiratory muscles by ultrasound has excellent reproducibility. Changes in the thickness of the expiratory muscles occurred in 34% of patients and were unrelated to changes in diaphragm thickness. Increased expiratory muscle thickness resulted from increased thickness of the fasciae. Editor’s Perspective What We Already Know about This Topic What This Article Tells Us That Is New

Exercising on Different Unstable Surfaces Increases Core Abdominal Muscle Thickness: An Observational Study Using Real-Time Ultrasound

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 803-808
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Gibbons ◽  
Marie-Louise Bird
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Exercise Adherence ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Abdominal Muscle ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Transversus Abdominis ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Internal Oblique ◽  
Ultrasound Investigation

Background: The training of abdominal muscles has a positive impact on the functional capacity of healthy adults, being applied practically in fields of athletics and fitness through rehabilitation for lower back pain. Objective: The study compares abdominal muscle activity while performing graded isometric exercises on stable and unstable surfaces. The authors also examined perceived stability and comfort for the different surfaces. Methods: A total of 30 young, healthy adults performed 3 graded isometric exercises on a Pilates table, foam roller, and Oov (a newly developed tool). Ultrasound investigation measured transversus abdominis, internal oblique abdominis, and external oblique abdominis thickness during each task, comparing muscle thickness between conditions using general linear modeling. Results: Core abdominal activation was greater on the foam roller than the Oov and Pilates table during crook lying (bilateral leg support). Both Oov and foam roller elicited greater contralateral transversus abdominis and internal oblique abdominis thickness than the Pilates table during tabletop and straight leg raises (unilateral leg exercises). For transversus abdominis only, the foam roller elicited more muscle thickness than the Oov during straight leg raises. The Oov was rated more comfortable than the foam roller. Discussion: Exercises performed on the Oov and foam roller elicit core greater abdominal muscle thickness than those performed on a Pilates table. Unilateral leg exercises in a supine position elicit more contralateral muscle thickness than those with bilateral leg support. Conclusions: These results provide information to support choices in exercise progression from flat stable to more unstable surfaces and from those with bilateral foot support to unilateral foot support. The Oov was more comfortable that the foam roller, and this may help with exercise adherence.

scholarly journals Muscle elasticity is different in individuals with diastasis recti abdominis than healthy volunteers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai He ◽  
Xiuling Zhou ◽  
Yulan Zhu ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
Xiaojian Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Shear Wave ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Transversus Abdominis ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Oblique Muscle ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Shear Wave Speed ◽  
Diastasis Recti ◽  
Diastasis Recti Abdominis

Abstract Objective To determine the value of shear wave elastography (SWE) in assessing abdominal wall muscles, including rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique muscle (EO), internal oblique muscle, and transversus abdominis (TrA) in patients with diastasis recti abdominis (DRA) and healthy controls. Methods From October 2018 to December 2019, 36 postpartum DRA patients and 24 nulliparous healthy women were identified. Inter-rectus distance (IRD) measurements were taken by B-mode ultrasound. Shear wave speed (SWS) values were acquired by one operator at ten specific locations. Clinical and ultrasound variables, including demographics, IRD, muscle thickness, and muscle SWS, were compared between the two groups using Student’s t test or Fisher's exact test. Pearson correlation analyses were conducted for the variables of IRD, muscle thickness, and SWS in the 36 DRA patients. Results The maximum diameter of recti abdominus separation was located at the umbilicus in DRA patients (4.59 ± 1.14 cm). The SWS value was significantly lower in the RA (p = 0.003) and higher in the TrA muscle (p < 0.001) in DRA patients compared with the age-matched controls. However, SWS in both muscles (RA and TrA) showed a statistically positive correlation with IRD (p < 0.05). In addition, the SWS value in EO statistically decreased in DRA patients compared with the healthy controls (1.65 ± 0.15 vs. 1.79 ± 0.14, p = 0.001). Conclusions The application of SWE to abdominal wall muscles in DRA patients is feasible. The correlation between SWS value and IRD in RA should be interpreted with caution.

The effects of abdominal hollowing and bracing on abdominal muscle thicknesses and pelvic rotation during active straight leg raise

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Eun-Joo Jung ◽  
Jin-Wook Sung ◽  
In-Joon Uh ◽  
Jae-Seop Oh
Keyword(s):  
Rotation Angle ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Abdominal Muscle ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Pelvic Rotation ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Correct Execution ◽  
External Oblique ◽  
Straight Leg Raise ◽  
Internal Oblique

BACKGROUND: Active straight leg-raise (ASLR) is often performed to strengthen abdominal muscles. The correct execution and maximum benefit of the ASLR can be achieved using abdominal hollowing (AH) and abdominal bracing (AB) exercises. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of AH and AB on transverse abdominis (TrA), internal oblique, and external oblique thicknesses, as well as on the pelvic rotation angle, in healthy women during active ASLR. METHODS: The participants in this study were assigned randomly to either the AH (n= 15) or AB groups (n= 15). During ASLR, abdominal muscle thickness was measured using ultrasound and pelvic rotation was measured using a Smart KEMA device. Each trial was repeated three times for 5 s each. RESULTS: The thickness of the TrA was significantly greater during ASLR with AH than during ASLR with AB (p< 0.001). In contrast, there was no respective significant change in the thickness of the external oblique (p> 0.0.311) or internal oblique (p> 0.818). Pelvic rotation angle was significantly reduced during ASLR with AB, compared with ASLR with AH (p< 0.018). CONCLUSIONS: We recommend that AH be performed for the selective contraction of TrA during ASLR, and that AB be performed for the prevention of the pelvic rotation during ASLR. Therefore, AH and AB should be separately done in stabilization exercises.

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