scholarly journals Albinism in the Ancient Mediterranean World

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
John L. Hilton,
Keyword(s):  
Human Genome ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Religious Context ◽  
Mediterranean World

The discovery of DNA in the 20th century and recent biomedical research into the human genome in Southern Africa have shed much light on the diagnostic, epidemiological, and sociological aspects of albinism. Less attention has been given to the historical evidence for the condition and its religious context, especially in the ancient Mediterranean World. This article assembles the meagre evidence for albinism in antiquity and investigates to what extent it was treated as 'sacred'.

Spiritual Crisis of the Beginning of the 20th Century: From Philosophical to Religious Interpretations

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Koltsov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
The Other ◽  
German Philosophy ◽  
Religious Consciousness ◽  
Religious Context ◽  
Spiritual Crisis ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
The One

The paper is an attempt to narrow down the notion of spiritual crisis which is now widely applied in research on history of culture of the 19th–20th centuries, with respect to history of German philosophy and observation of modern reli­giosity. The shift from the history of philosophy to the religious context is ful­filled through analysis of texts of two religious thinkers, A. Reinach and S. Frank, whose thought clearly demonstrates strong interconnection between the both fields. Analysis of contemporary studies on history of phenomenological philos­ophy (C. Möckel and W. Gleixner) lets firstly observe ways of application of Koselleck’s notion of crisis to investigations in the history of philosophy. Sec­ondly it discovers two possibilities of philosophical contextualization of the con­cept of spiritual crisis – on the one hand, as a constituent rhetorical element of the philosophical statement (Möckel), on the other hand, as a term which de­scribes the uniqueness of an intellectual situation of the beginning of the 20thcentury (Gleixner). Then these aspects of the rhetoric of crisis are applied to reli­gious philosophy of Reinach and Frank, what leads to interpretation of their works as a particular statement discovering the divine (or the holy) as a new cat­egory of religious consciousness.

A Note on Tree Worship in the Zaza Folk Beliefs

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 404-407
Author(s):  
Victoria Arakelova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Folk Beliefs ◽  
The Past ◽  
Turkish Government ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Mountain Villages

The article presents some historical evidence about the veneration of individual trees, primarily the juniper and the oak-trees, traditionally considered to be sacred in the Zaza culture, as well as generally groves and forests. Unfortunately, the once vast and rich forestal covering of the Zazas’ main habitat in Dersim (Tunceli), which was a proverbial phenomenon still in the beginning of the 20th century, has been almost totally exterminated as a result of the mistreatment by the Turkish government. The folk beliefs related to tree worship have also been considerably erased from the people’s memory, lingering on only among the elderly in the remote mountain villages as a dwindling echo of the past.

scholarly journals South African Presbyterian women in leadership in ministry (1973–2018)

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham A. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Women In Leadership ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Presbyterian Church ◽  
General Acceptance ◽  
Ordination Of Women

The issue of women in the ministry has been a vexed one historically. In many denominations, the ordination of women has been represented by some form of struggle, which culminated in the first ordinations of women during the second half of the 20th century. This article investigates the process towards the ordination of women in two Southern African Presbyterian denominations – the Bantu Presbyterian Church of South Africa (renamed the ‘Reformed Presbyterian Church in Southern Africa’ in 1979) and the Presbyterian Church of South Africa (renamed the ‘Presbyterian Church of Southern Africa’ in 1958), prior to their union in 1999 to form the Uniting Presbyterian Church in Southern Africa. This article focusses on women in leadership in ministry, not exclusively on women ordained to the ministry of ruling or teaching elder (minister). It begins with an historical overview and proceeds to an investigation of developments in the two relevant denominations. The terms ‘leadership’ and ‘ministry’ are used separately and together and are considered to be synonymous. The article uses primary sources from the records of both denominations considered and suggests that the process was gradual and progressive as the worth of women in leadership was recognised following the general acceptance of the biblical and theological arguments.

The Return of Biology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogers Brubaker
Keyword(s):  
Human Genome ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Human Genome Project ◽  
Genome Project ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Genetic Genealogy

This chapter analyzes the complex and ambivalent implications of the post-Human Genome Project “return of biology” for the theory and practice of race and ethnicity. Genetically informed accounts of difference risk reinforcing essentialist understandings of identity; yet they can also serve to undermine notions of racial or ethnic purity, highlighting instead the inextricable mixedness of all human populations and the genetic uniqueness of every individual. The chapter traces developments in biomedical research, forensics, genetic genealogy, and identity politics, and it concludes by outlining a constructivist response to the new objectivist and naturalist accounts of race and ethnicity.

scholarly journals The theme of civil war in Russia in modern Russian literature: prospects of movement or completion of the cultural cycle? (A. Makushinsky and L. Yuzefovich)

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-138
Author(s):  
Iuliia Matveeva
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Cultural Paradigms ◽  
Contemporary Novels ◽  
Winter Road ◽  
Modern Russian

In the article an attempt is made to apply the idea of nomadism to the process of transforming literary themes and plots that have taken shape and are fixed in the framework of certain national and cultural paradigms. In this case, it is a process of transforming such a topic, suchs so significant for Russian literature of the 20th century, as the Civil War in Russia. At present, it is experiencing a unique revival, but the means for its artistic implementation change significantly, as can be seen from the comparison of two contemporary novels dedicated to this topic: L. Yuzefovich’s “Winter Road” and A. Makushinsky’s “City in the Valley”. As a result of the analysis, it is concluded that in the sense of literary and artistic psychology, which assumes living in an image, the topic of the Civil War in Russia can be considered as closed, while the resources of historical evidence are able to open a new emotional, intellectual and artistic potential for it.

The birth and future health of DOHaD

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 434-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Unique Aspect ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Non Communicable Disease

Professor David Barker, CBE, FRS, made an enormous contribution to biomedical research, which helped to change its direction and assisted translation to clinical medicine in the area of non-communicable disease (NCD). In this paper, I briefly note some of the studies, which led to his work, and describe how the underlying mechanisms came to be investigated by fetal physiologists. This is a unique aspect of the change in scientific emphasis, from a gene-centric and adult lifestyle view of NCD to a more holistic perspective, which placed emphasis on the importance of development that took place in the late 20th century. Early this century, the DOHaD Society was formed: I discuss some aspects of the formation of the Society and note the important role it is now playing in addressing the need to find early-life interventions to reduce NCD. This forms part of the unique legacy that David Barker has left to science and medicine.

The Mission Station as “Sample Community”: A Contemporary Case from Botswana

1977 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Georg Guenther
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Southern Africa

Readers of Missiology deeply acquainted with the mission situation in Southern Africa may argue that this contemporary case study represents a model of mission activity that should have been abandoned before the 20th Century even began. However, we have felt that it should be included in this issue, if for no other reason than to illuminate the anguish and racial polarizations that are at the heart of Southern Africa's troubles today.

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