Dziedzictwo dawnej Rzeczypospolitej w języku pierwszego polskiego przekładu poematu „Metai” Kristijonasa Donelaitisa

The author analysed the language of the first Polish translation of the eighteenth-century poem “Metai” [The Seasons] by Kristijonas Donelaitis, a Lithuanian Lutheran pastor. The translation was made in 1933 by a socialist activist and close associate of Józef Piłsudski, Kazimierz Pietkiewicz. The analysis showed that the language of the translation is peculiar. On the one hand, this peculiarity consists in refraining from archaizing the translation and the use of elements that are close to the translator’s style of social-political journalism (e.g., dorobkiewicz [vulgarian], feministka [feminist]), on the other hand, the presence at all levels of language of peculiarities characteristic for Kresy Polish language in both its territorial variations. These are generally old features of common Polish, the retention of which in the eastern areas of the Polish Rzeczpospolita was supported by the influence of substrate languages, later also Russian, or by borrowing. This layer was natural in the language of the translator, born in Ukraine, who spent part of his life in Vilnius, some in exile in Russia. This is the colourful linguistic heritage of the former Republic of Poland.

Parnicki a Rosja. Rekonesans

The article considers issue of the connections between Teodor Parnicki, the Polish author of historical novels, and Russia. His attitude has its origins in biographical experiences. Knowledge of Russian culture is evident especially in the early work of Parnicki, and above all – in literary criticism of the interwar period. Careful reading shows that the sketches and reviews are a conservative critical project, the subject of which is Soviet social and cultural policy and communism in general. This article also complements the current state of research (who did not address this issue), while being a contribution to further research.

Analiza kulturowo-cywilizacyjna publicznego dyskursu łamania prawa w Rosji i na Ukrainie

The paper focuses on the notion of legal culture in anthropocentric depiction as an informational-semiotic function. The authors present a typology of cultural-civilisational motives for breaking the law. A range of cultural-civilisational motives (naturalistic, turanic, byzantinic, theocratic, europeistic, and consumerist) expressed in the form of discursive statements was presented in detail; these motives cause breaking the law in a causal synergetic mode (ignorance of the law) and in a cybernetic mode (disregard for the law). The authors distinguish several types of verbal excuses for breaking the law widespread in Russian and Ukrainian legal culture discourse.

„Neutralność” Litwy podczas Bitwy Warszawskiej

After the First World War, three concepts clashed in Eastern Europe: the model of the nation state, the expansion of the Bolshevik revolution implemented by Russia and the union of nation-states (Poland, Lithuania, Ukraine, Belarus and Latvia) according to Piłsudski resulting from the threat. Russia in the years 1920-1921 signed five peace treaties, but only the treaty with Lithuania contained secret arrangements regarding the neutrality of Lithuania in the Bolshevik-Polish war. The analysis of the source material shows that Russia used the secret provisions of the peace treaty in its plans for the expansion of bolshevism, and after the defeat of the Polish army, it was to carry out a Bolshevik coup in Lithuania. Despite the proclaimed neutrality, Lithuania turned out to be on the side of Russia in this conflict, causing additional difficulties for Polish troops in the Battle of Warsaw. The Polish victory over the Vistula impeded the expansion of Bolshevism to Europe.

Działania wojenne gen. Żeligowskiego wobec Litwy. Próby rozstrzygnięcia konfliktu przez ligę narodów

The situation after World War I was far from stabilizing, and the area of the Vilnius region became the subject of a conflict that for many years cast a shadow on Polish-Lithuanian relations. One should look at this conflict from the perspective of one hundred years, remembering that it turned into an antagonism so sharp and fierce that it even aroused the amazement of bystanders. The taken up topic has been presented in many aspects: events in August and September 1920 preceding the occupation of Vilnius, the position of General Lucjan Żeligowski to this situation, warfare (called "rebellion"), the establishment of Central Lithuania and an attempt to sanction the situation in the League of Nations forum. This paper is about a military and political activities of occupation of Vilnius and its neighboring areas by the Poland in October 1920. The originator of this undertaking was Józef Piłsudski. He admitted to it after years, exactly on the 24th and 25th of August 1923 during the lectures in the hall of the Grand Theater in Vilnius. Polish-Lithuanian relations in the analyzed years should be considered far from accepted international standards. Both Poles and Lithuanians can be held responsible in point of above facts. Awareness of these events is extremely important for both nations for mutual understanding and agreement.

Czy partnerstwo Polski i Rosji jest platformą do kontaktów i współpracy gospodarczej?

Partnership creates a basis for relations and connections (including between states, cross-border and interregional), enabling the development of contacts and comprehensive economic and non-economic cooperation. This role is performed in its various forms and on a different basis. The article presents the partnership (including the economic one) that is being implemented between Poland and Russia, its scope, stages of development and the existing tariff, non- and par-tariff barriers in trade. The analysis shows that currently the Polish-Russian partnership is selective in nature and is subject to a high degree of uncertainty as a result of political decisions.

Działania dyplomatyczne podczas pierwszej wojny Bałkańskiej w publikacjach bulwarowego dziennika „Ilustrowany Kuryer Codzienny”. Część I

The effect of rapid socio-economic development in Europe in the 19th century was, among others the creation of newspapers targeted at specific groups of recipients, including the boulevard press, addressed to the less affluent part of society. One of them was the “Ilustrowany Kuryer Codzienny” founded in 1910 in Kraków. Although these types of magazines were not highly valued on the press market, their volume, and especially their big edition, incline to a closer look at the content presented in them. Even a cursory reading of individual issues of the newspaper leads to the conclusion that “Ilustrowany Kuryer Codzienny” is an interesting source of information about the then reality. This is particularly evident during the Balkan wars, when materials on diplomatic activities were published very often and occupied a leading place before scandals, rumors and criminal reports.

Détente między Zachodem a Wschodem. Konferencja Bezpieczeństwa i Współpracy w Europie z perspektywy Polski

The purpose of this article is to analyse the policy of détente between the West and the East at the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) from Poland’s perspective. The article begins with a synthetic theoretical and historical introduction concerning the formation of a new international order, particularly in Europe. The state of research on the CSCE in Poland is also outlined in a synthetic way. Then the analysis of Poland's role in the CSCE forum is presented in the context of the multifaceted negotiation processes in a chronological and problematic arrangement from the perspective of the theory of international roles. Endo-, and especially exogenous, connections concerning Poland’s functioning in the Eastern Bloc, including the hegemonic position of the USSR in it, were taken into account. Particular focus is placed on the implications of the CSCE Final Act for Poland. The article is based on Polish and English-language sources.

От жанра к формату через визуализацию «упаковки» контента

The article refers to the fact that the genres of journalistic texts, the functional purpose of which has historically been to inform the audience, today form the basis of multimedia formats in which information occurs with elements of entertainment. When analyzing the formats of new media, we came to the conclusion that the core of the format is made up of elements of a particular genre, that only the “packaging” is changing in order to promote the format and taking into account the new information needs of society. The next important conclusion of the study is that visualization is the main means of creating a format in view of the spectacular nature of modern culture.

Речевой образ постсоветской бизнес-элиты

The material is devoted to the description, including on the basis of experimental data, of the speech image of the post-Soviet business elite. The study was carried out in the paradigm of the Lotman’s semiosphere. Three clusters are described – the verbal, the cognitive, and the pragmatic one. The study is based on an integrative methodology for objective speech portraying the personality, who uses hybrid image strategies and tactics due to the ambiguous perception of the business elite in modern Russian public opinion.