scholarly journals Practical application of integrated disease management

2002 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 1 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 212-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Zinkernagel ◽  
H. Hausladen ◽  
H. Habermeyer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
Integrated Disease Management ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Septoria Leaf Blotch ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Advisory Service ◽  
Glume Blotch

A decision support system for cereal diseases and late blight of potatoes has been developed at the Chair of Phytopathology,<br />Technische Universität München. The Wheat and Barley Prognosis System has been in use for many years by the<br />Bavarian official advisory service. It is based on an exact diagnosis and established biological thresholds influenced by<br />weather. Certain fungicides are recommended also covering diseases which have not reached the threshold. Diseases under<br />consideration are eye spot disease, powdery mildew, Septoria leaf blotch, Septoria leaf and glume blotch, tan spot, brown<br />and yellow rusts.The PhytophthoraModel Weihenstephan consists of two parts, weather based prognosis and monitoring in<br />the unsprayed control plots. Spraying recommendations are given based on the results of the above-mentioned parts and<br />considering cultivar behaviour and blight development in the field. The first spraying in the season as well as the timing<br />of the following ones are crucial. This model does not give any recommendations regarding which active ingredient should<br />applied. However there is a distinction made with regard to contact (protective) fungicides and systemic fungicides. The<br />PhytophthoraModel Weihenstephan has been in use for several years in Germany as well as in Austria.

AC Hamilton barley

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 697-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Ho ◽  
W. L. Seaman ◽  
T. M. Choo ◽  
R. A. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Septoria Leaf Blotch ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Barley Breeding ◽  
Moderately Resistant

AC Hamilton is a six-rowed spring feed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar bred at the Plant Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, and evaluated by the Eastern Canada Barley Breeding Group. It was selected from a Leger/OAC Kippen cross and is suitable for growing in Ontario, where it outyielded the check cultivars AC Stephen and Chapais. AC Hamilton is moderately resistant to powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei) and is resistant to septoria leaf blotch (Septoria passerinii). Key words:Hordeum vulgare L., six-rowed barley, feed barley, high yield, powdery mildew

scholarly journals Characteristics of wheat leaf diseases development in Latvia

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biruta Bankina ◽  
Ilza Priekule
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Septoria Leaf Blotch ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Wheat Leaf ◽  
Disease Epidemics

The field observations were carried out in 1999-2004 on 29 fields in Latvia. Incidence and severities of wheat leaf diseases were determined. Tan pot caused by <i>Drechslera tritici</i>-<i>repentis</i> and Septoria leaf blotch, induced by <i>Septoria tritici</i> were the most harmful diseases at the time of research (incidence 10-100% and 1-100%, respectively). Also the incidence of powdery mildew, caused by <i>Blomeria graminis</i> was high (4-100%), while that of rusts (<i>Puccinia tritici</i> and <i>P. striiformis</i>) was very low. Changes in disease epidemics were determined and showed the differences between the analyzed diseases.

scholarly journals Fungicides against diseases of lawn grass leaves

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-9
Author(s):  
S. Retman ◽  
O. Nychyporuk ◽  
О. Shevchuk
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Septoria Leaf Blotch ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Chemical Groups ◽  
Positive Effect

Goal. To evaluate the effectiveness of the use of fungicides of various chemical groups against the leaf diseases turfgrass. Methods. The research was carried out in 2015—2017 on the lawn mixture «Universal» in the zone of the Polissya of Ukraine. The effect of fungicides of various chemical groups was investigated (Impact T, SC; Bumper Super, EC; Amistar Extra 280 SC, SC; Alto Super 300 EC, EC; Maxim 025 FS, FS; Horus 75 WG, WG). Fungicides were applied twice. The first spraying was carried out when development of diseases in control plot reached 3—5%, the second — in 30 days. The assessments were performed according to generally accepted methods, disease spread, disease severity and technical efficiency of pesticides were determined. Results. During the period of research, the most common leaf diseases of turfgrass, which eveloped annually and had a significant severity during the growing season, were powdery mildew and septoria leaf blotch. After two-time spraying, the technical efficiency of fungicides against powdery mildew reached 82.2—92.2%, against septoria leaf blotch up to 80.2%. The most effective against powdery mildew was the use of Alto Super 330 EC, EC (0.5 l / ha), Amistar Extra 280 SC, SC (0.75 l / ha) and tank mixture of Maxim 025 FS, FS (0.75 l / ha and 1.0 l / ha) with Horus 75 WG, VH (0.6 kg / ha). Against the septoria leaf blotch, the highest efficiency was shown by Alto Super 330 EC, EC (0.5 l / ha), Bumper Super, EC (0.8 l / ha) and Maxim 025 FS, FS (1.0 l / ha) + Horus 75 WG, WG (0.6 kg / ha). In addition, due to the reduction of disease severity, a positive effect of fungicides on the quality of the lawn was achieved and the projective coating increased to 92—93%. Conclusion. The use of fungicides contributes to the reduction of disease and the formation of quality herbs. The best indicators against flour dew and septoriosis of leaves were obtained for the treatment of Alto Super 330 EC, CE (0.5 l / ha) and tank Maxim 025 FS, tc.s. (1.0 l / ha) + Horus 75 WG, VH (0.6 kg / ha).

scholarly journals Peculiarities of action and retrospective analysis of fungicides efficacy for protection of soft winter wheat against leaf diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 224-232
Author(s):  
N. A. Krupenko* ◽  
I. N. Odintsova
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Septoria Leaf Blotch ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Biological Efficacy ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat

The data on the efficacy of 40 fungicides for protection of soft winter wheat against leaf diseases during 2010–2019 are demonstrated. Biological efficacy is calculated based upon the area under the curve of disease development. Biological and economical efficacy of those compounds has been analyzed depending on the number of components, as well as chemical classes of active agents in those compounds. The highest biological efficacy of one-component fungicides against powdery mildew has been recorded for those containing proquinazid, tebuconazole and metrafenone – 69.9–79.3 %. Among 23 two-component fungicides the higher efficacy (82.1–84.3 %) against powdery mildew has been recorded for the fungicides containing azole combined with morpholine. Biological efficacy against Septoria leaf blotch has varied from 64.7 to 88.0 % depending on fungicide composition. Among three-component fungicides the efficacy against powdery mildew has varied from 59.5 to 82.8 %, and against Septoria leaf blotch it has varied from 59.8 to 89.9 %. As a result of the diseases severity decrease due to the fungicide application the saved yield has reached 9.9 centner of grain per hectare.

scholarly journals Genetic Protection of Soft Wheat from Diseases in the Southern Ural of Russia and Virulence Variability of Foliar Pathogens

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 703
Author(s):  
Igor Kushnirenko ◽  
Ekaterina Shreyder ◽  
Nadezhda Bondarenko ◽  
Ekaterina Shaydayuk ◽  
Nadezhda Kovalenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Septoria Leaf Blotch ◽  
Leaf Blotch

The southern Ural is consistently among the 10 best regions in Russia for agricultural production, including wheat. Breeding in the Chelyabinsk Research Institute of Agriculture aims to develop wheat cultivars genetically protected from the main diseases (leaf and stem rust, septoria leaf blotch and tan spot). The genes for resistance to leaf rust, Lr1, Lr9, Lr10 and Lr26/Sr31, alone or in combination, are widespread in cultivars grown in the southern Ural. In 2012, a new wheat cultivar, Chelyaba 75, was proposed for commercial production in the southern Ural, being highly resistant to leaf rust with the highly effective genes LrSp and SrSp transferred from the cuckoo line with the genetic material Aegilops speltoides. Isolates virulent to cv. Chelyaba 75 were not found in Russian populations of Puccinia triticina. Additionally, for a long period, genes Lr29, Lr 41, Lr42, Lr45, Lr47, Lr50, Lr51, Lr53 and Lr57 were characterized by high efficiency. Virulence frequencies to other Lr genes vary annually, but no races with new virulence have been identified. The resistance of lines with the Sr31 and Sr24 genes indicates that the Puccinia graminis population does not contain genotypes with the potentially damaging race Ug99. Mixed septoria and tan spot infections occurred in the southern Ural, with the latter dominating. Races producing the exotoxin ToxA are widely distributed in Pyrenophora tritici-repentis populations. Two causal agents of septoria leaf blotch (Parastagonospora nodorum and P. avenae f. sp. tritici) occur in the region, with the first dominating. Aggressiveness of P. nodorum isolates to wheat cultivars was higher than that of P. avenae f. sp. tritici. All Parastagonospora isolates showed the presence of the SnTox3 marker. SnToxA and SnTox1 markers were found in P. nodorum isolates, usually separately, but in one isolate, these genes were found together. The analysis of the genetic diversity of wheat cultivars grown in the southern Ural, and the pathogenic complex present, indicate that pathogens continuously evolve under the influence of the host plant.

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