scholarly journals Conversion of sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) bands into high-throughput DNA markers based on RAPD technique for detection of the stem nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci in crucial plant hosts

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zouhar ◽  
M. Marek ◽  
O. Douda ◽  
J. Mazáková ◽  
P. Ryšánek
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Healthy Plant ◽  
Host Preferences ◽  
Sequence Characterized Amplified Region ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Plant Hosts ◽  
Cost Effective Technique ◽  
Ditylenchus Dipsaci ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Template Dna

<i>Ditylenchus dipsaci</i>, the stem nematode, is a migratory endoparasite of over 500 species of angiosperms. The main method of <i>D. dipsaci</i> control is crop rotation, but the presence of morphologically indistinguishable host races with different host preferences makes rotation generally ineffective. Therefore, a sensitive, rapid, reliable, as well as cost effective technique is needed for identification of <i>D. dipsaci</i> in biological samples. This study describes the development of species-specific pairs of PCR oligonucleotides for detection and identification of the <i>D. dipsaci</i> stem nematode in various plant hosts. Designed DIT-2 primer pair specifically amplified a fragment of 325 bp, while DIT-5 primer pair always produced a fragment of 245 bp in all <i>D. dipsaci</i> isolates. Two developed SCAR primer pairs were further tested using template DNA extracted from a collection of twelve healthy plant hosts; no amplification was however observed. The developed PCR protocol has proved to be quite sensitive and able to specifically detect <i>D. dipsaci</i> in artificially infested plant tissues.

A PCR-based method for the identification of the roots of 10 co-occurring grassland species in mesocosm experiments

Botany ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 485-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon G. McNickle ◽  
J. F. Cahill ◽  
M. K. Deyholos
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
False Negatives ◽  
Dna Templates ◽  
Grassland Species ◽  
Target Dna ◽  
Mesocosm Experiments ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Template Dna

An understanding of factors influencing the distribution of plant roots is intimately linked to our understanding of basic ecosystem functions such as nutrient flux and productivity. However, it is not usually possible to measure root distributions because it is difficult to identify the roots of different species when they are grown in mixture. This is because the roots of most species are not visually distinguishable. We designed a simple, PCR-based method for the identification of roots in mesocosm experiments, which we have applied to 10 co-occurring grassland species. Species-specific primers based on ITS sequences from GenBank were evaluated in PCR assays using either homogeneous or heterogeneous DNA templates, as well as DNA extracted from mixed-root samples from multiple combinations of species. The species-specific primers reported here produced accurate identifications, free from both false negatives and false positives, in 100% of our assays. We also evaluated the sensitivity of our system and demonstrated detection of species when they comprised as little as 0.05 ng of target DNA mixed in a total of 2.5 ng of multi-species template DNA. Our PCR-based method for root identification in mesocosms is more cost effective, and simpler to apply than previously described methods.

scholarly journals Effects of seasonality, fertilization and species on the chlorophyll a fluorescence as related with photosynthesis and leguminous tree growth during Amazonian forest restoration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Kirmayr Jaquetti ◽  
José Francisco de Carvalho Gonçalves ◽  
Henrique Eduardo Mendonça Nascimento ◽  
Karen Cristina Pires da Costa ◽  
Jair Max Fortunato Maia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transport ◽  
Performance Index ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
High Water ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Cost Effective Technique ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Degraded Ecosystems

AbstractThe ability of species to adjust their light energy uptake is determined during plant establishment and development. Changes in resource availability may impact energy fluxes and photosynthesis. General and specific variations in chlorophyll a fluorescence under high vs. low water and nutrient conditions have been studied. N2-fixing leguminous trees, which are commonly used in tropical forest restoration, seem to be very well adapted to degraded ecosystems. To understand the effects of biological nitrogen fixation on Chl a fluorescence variables, three of the six Fabaceae species selected for this study were N2-fixing species. Additionally, the correlation among Chl a fluorescence and growth, photosynthesis and nutrient levels was evaluated. A 24-month forest restoration experiment was established, and data on dark-adapted Chl a fluorescence, photosynthesis, diameter growth and foliar nutrients were collected. Multivariate analysis was performed to detect the effects of seasonality and fertilization. Under high water- and nutrient-availability conditions, plants exhibited enhanced performance index values that were correlated with electron transport fluxes. Under drought and nutrient-poor conditions, most species exhibited increased energy dissipation as a method of photoprotection. Great interspecific variation was found; therefore, species-specific responses to the test conditions should be considered in future studies. N2-fixing species showed increased performance index and maximum fluorescence values, indicating their ability to colonize high-light environments. Negative correlations were found between photosynthesis and trapped fluxes and between diameter growth and initial fluorescence. Electron transport fluxes were positively correlated with growth. Given the different responses identified among species, Chl a fluorescence is considered a cost-effective technique to screen for seasonality, nutrient and N2-fixing species effects and should be considered for use during forest restoration. Finally, including N2-fixing species and multiple fertilization treatments in related studies may greatly facilitate the restoration of biogeochemical cycles in the tropics.

scholarly journals A New Duplex PCR-Assay for the Detection and Identification of Paracoccidioides Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Breno Gonçalves Pinheiro ◽  
Ana Paula Pôssa ◽  
Paula Portella Della Terra ◽  
Jamile Ambrósio de Carvalho ◽  
Giannina Ricci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Duplex Pcr ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Exon 2 ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Duplex Pcr Assay

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a life-threatening systemic fungal infection caused by members of the Paracoccidioides brasiliensis complex and P. lutzii. Routine diagnoses of PCM down to the species level using classical mycological approaches are unspecific due to overlapping phenotypes. There is an urgent need for specific, sensitive, and cost-effective molecular tools to diagnose PCM. Variation among the exon-2 of the gp43 gene was exploited to design species-specific primer pairs to discriminate between members of the P. brasiliensis complex and P. lutzii in a duplex PCR assay. Primer-BLAST searches revealed highly species-specific primers, and no significant region of homology was found against DNA databases except for Paracoccidioides species. Primers PbraCx-F and PbraCx-R targeting P. brasiliensis DNA produced an amplicon of 308 bp, while primers Plu-F and Plu-R targeting P. lutzii DNA generated an amplicon of 142 bp. The lower limit of detection for our duplex PCR assay was 1 pg of gDNA. A panel of 62 Paracoccidioides revealed 100% specificity (AUC = 1.000, 95%CI 0.972–1.000, p < 0.0001) without cross-reacting with other medically relevant fungi or human DNA. As a proof of concept, we demonstrated the accurate identification of the P. brasiliensis complex (n = 7) or P. lutzii (n = 6) from a broad range of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues of PCM patient’s organs. In four cases, FFPE PCR results confirmed, for the first time, co-infection due to P. brasiliensis (S1) and P. lutzii in the same biopsy. Our duplex PCR assay is useful to detect and differentiate members of the P. brasiliensis complex and P. lutzii, providing clinical laboratories with an important tool to be applied routinely, especially in atypical cases such as those featuring negative serology and positive mycological examination of clinical specimens as well as for the investigation of putative co-infection cases. This will likely benefit thousands of infected patients every year in a wide area of the Americas.

A Chemical Perspective to the Anti-Amyloid Action of Compounds and a Nanoparticle Based Assay for Screening Amyloid Inhibitors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidhi Gour ◽  
Bharti Koshti
Keyword(s):  
Memory Loss ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Structural Motif ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Stacking Interactions ◽  
Aromatic Rings ◽  
Amyloid Fibers ◽  
Aromatic Stacking ◽  
Cost Effective Technique ◽  
The Brain

Aggregation of amyloid beeta 1-42 (Aβ<sub>42</sub>) peptide causes the formation of clustered deposits knows as amyloid plaques in the brain which leads to neuronal dysfunction and memory loss and associated with many neurological disorders including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Aβ<sub>42</sub> has core structural motif with phenylalanine at the 19 and 20 positions. The diphenylalanine (FF) residue plays a crucial role in the formation of amyloid fibers and serves as model peptide for studying Aβ<sub>42 </sub>aggregation. FF self-assembles to well-ordered tubular morphology via aromatic pi-pi stackings. Our studies, suggest that the aromatic rings present in the anti-amyloidogenic compounds may interact with the pi-pi stacking interactions present in the FF. Even the compounds which do not have aromatic rings, like cyclodextrin and cucurbituril show anti-amyloid property due to the binding of aromatic ring inside the guest cavity. Hence, our studies also suggest that compounds which may have a functional moiety capable of interacting with the aromatic stacking interactions might be tested for their anti-amyloidogenic properties. Further, in this manuscript, we have proposed two novel nanoparticle based assays for the rapid screening of amyloid inhibitors. In the first assay, interaction between biotin-tagged FF peptide and the streptavidin labelled gold nanoparticles (s-AuNPs) were used. In another assay, thiol-Au interactions were used to develop an assay for detection of amyloid inhibitors. It is envisaged that the proposed analytical method will provide a simple, facile and cost effective technique for the screening of amyloid inhibitors and may be of immense practical implications to find the therapeutic remedies for the diseases associated with the protein aggregation.

Bucket handle meniscus tears in low-resource settings can be successfully treated with a cost-effective technique

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allicia Ostoposides Imada ◽  
James J. O’Hara ◽  
Ignacio L. Proumen ◽  
Pablo S. Molinari ◽  
Daniel C. Wascher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Effective Technique ◽  
Low Resource Settings ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Meniscus Tears ◽  
Cost Effective Technique ◽  
Bucket Handle

scholarly journals Simple, cost-effective technique for portable digital eletrocorticography

2000 ◽  
Vol 58 (2B) ◽  
pp. 424-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAULO R. M. DE BITTENCOURT ◽  
MARCOS C. SANDMANN ◽  
MARLUS S. MORO ◽  
JOÃO C. DE ARAÚJO
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Epilepsy Surgery ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
New Method ◽  
Cortical Lesions ◽  
Effective Technique ◽  
Seizure Disorders ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Cost Effective Technique

We revised 16 patients submitted to epilepsy surgery using a new method of digital, real-time, portable electrocorticography. Patients were operated upon over a period of 28 months. There were no complications. The exam was useful in 13 cases. The low installation and operational costs, the reliability and simplicity of the method, indicate it may be useful for defining the epileptogenic regions in a variety of circumnstances, including surgery for tumors, vascular malformations, and other cortical lesions associated with seizure disorders.

Formation of Periodical Sub-Micron Sized Structures on Silicon by Interfered Nanosecond Laser Pulses

2010 ◽  
Vol 97-101 ◽  
pp. 3803-3806
Author(s):  
Yong Xiang Hu ◽  
Heng Zhang ◽  
Zheng Qiang Yao
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Laser Beams ◽  
Nanosecond Laser ◽  
Effective Technique ◽  
First Order ◽  
Direct Fabrication ◽  
Cost Effective Technique ◽  
Nanosecond Laser Pulses ◽  
Micro Structuring

Laser interference micro-structuring is a relatively efficient and cost-effective technique for fabricating periodical micro-nano-structuring surfaces. The direct fabrication of sub-micron sized dot array on silicon was performed by four interfering nanosecond laser beams with a diffractive beam splitter. The mechanism to form the dot array was analyzed and it was found that the obtained conical dot array had a negative shape of the interference pattern of four laser beams. A second-order peak between two first-order peaks also occurred due to the liquid-solid expansion.

Duplex DNA barcoding allows accurate species determination of morphologically similar limpets (Patella spp.) from non-destructive sampling

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 1479-1482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Ashton ◽  
Meriem Kayoueche-Reeve ◽  
Andrew J. Blight ◽  
Jon Moore ◽  
David M. Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Species Determination ◽  
Destructive Sampling ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Non Destructive

Accurate discrimination of two morphologically similar species of Patella limpets has been facilitated by using qPCR amplification of species-specific mitochondrial genomic regions. Cost-effective and non-destructive sampling is achieved using a mucus swab and simple sample lysis and dilution to create a PCR template. Results show 100% concurrence with dissection and microscopic analysis, and the technique has been employed successfully in field studies. The use of highly sensitive DNA barcoding techniques such as this hold great potential for improving previously challenging field assessments of species abundance.

Telemedicine in the control of intra-ocular pressure

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 126-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Michelson ◽  
W Striebel ◽  
W Prihoda ◽  
Volker Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Western World ◽  
Pressure Curve ◽  
Effective Technique ◽  
Intra Ocular Pressure ◽  
Continuous Evaluation ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Cost Effective Technique ◽  
Email Message ◽  
Ocular Pressure

Glaucoma is one of the most common causes of blindness in the Western world and a major risk factor is increased intra-ocular pressure. We therefore used telemedicine in its control. Patients measured their intra-ocular pressure several times a day with a portable instrument and the values were then entered into a portable digital assistant. These data were transmitted by a modem to a central server. If the intra-ocular pressure was pathologically high, an email message was automatically sent to the ophthalmologist. The pressure curve, including a statistical analysis, was displayed in an easily readable chart format. Ten patients with glaucoma participated in a trial. Self-tonometry with telemedicine enabled continuous evaluation of the patient by the ophthalmologist. This approach offered the advantage of controlling the treatment remotely. Advantages for the patient were that the measurements were easily done at home under normal conditions, and the patient could control when the measurement and data transmission would be performed. Telemedicine is a cost-effective technique enabling the early diagnosis of pathologically increased intra-ocular pressure.

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