scholarly journals Composition of psocid taxocenoses (Insecta: Psocoptera) in dependence on the level of naturalness of forest ecosystems in the Žďárské vrchy hills

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 208-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mückstein ◽  
O. Holuša
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Grazing Lands

In 1999–2000 in the Protected Landscape Area (PLA) Žďárské vrchy hills the occurrence of psocids (Psocoptera) was studied in different types of biotopes: natural forest ecosystems (stands of Fagus sylvatica with individual admixture of Abies alba, Acer pseudoplatanus, Picea abies), changed forest ecosystems (monoculture of Picea abies), young plantations in forest stands, disperse forest vegetation (solitary trees), and also non-forest ecosystems – agrocenoses, meadows and grazing lands. A total of 10,560 adults in 20 species were found. Three groups of biotopes with specific psocid taxocenosis were found out by computed cluster analysis – l. natural forest stands with dominance of Fagus sylvatica, 2. disperse tree vegetation and solitary trees in cultural landscape, and 3. forest stands remote to nature (monoculture of Picea abies). Occurrence of psocids was observed from the beginning of May to mid- November. Maximum of abundance was found in September.

The influence of some environmental factors on the species diversity of the predator mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) from natural forest ecosystems of Bucegi Massif (Romania)

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minodora Manu
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Soil Mite ◽  
Soil Level

The influence of some environmental factors on the species diversity of the predator mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) from natural forest ecosystems of Bucegi Massif (Romania) The ecological research was made in 2001-2003, in Bucegi Massif, in three natural forest ecosystems with Picea abies, Abies alba and Fagus sylvatica. In order to show the influence of some environmental factors on the species diversity of the investigated soil mites, the following abiotic parameters at soil level were analysed: temperature, humidity and pH. The species diversity (with Shannon-Wiener index) and the equitability were calculated. Taking account of the bio-edaphical conditions, the studied soil mite diversity had a various evolution. In spatial dynamics, the ecosystem with Abies alba offered better conditions for a species diversity (78 identified species), in comparison with ecosystem with Picea abies (67 identified species), where, due to a high altitude and to the big slope, this parameter had the most decreased values. In the ecosystem with Fagus sylvatica, the diversity showed the presence of 71 species. At the soil level, the litter and fermentation layer was a favorable habitat for development of the soil mite populations. In temporal dynamics, these parameters had recorded seasonal fluctuations. All these aspects are due to the different bioedaphical conditions, specific to each studied natural ecosystem.

Similarities between predator mite populations (Acari: Gamasina) from natural forests in the Bucegi Massif, Romania

Biologia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manu Minodora
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Gamasid Mite ◽  
Soil Level ◽  
Predator Mite

AbstractEcological research of gamasid mites was carried out in three natural forest ecosystems with Picea abies (1350 m a.s.l.), Abies alba (950–1000 m a.s.l.) and Fagus sylvatica (1200 m a.s.l.) situated in the Bucegi Massif, Southern Carpathians, Romania during 2001–2003. In the studied forest ecosystems, the taxonomic structure of gamasids was represented by 11 families (Epicriidae, Parasitidae, Veigaiidae, Ameroseiidae, Aceosejidae, Rhodacaridae, Macrochelidae, Pachylaelapidae, Laelapidae, Eviphididae and Zerconidae), with 39 genera and 97 species. The maximum number of species was recorded in the ecosystem with Abies alba (80), followed by the ecosystem with Fagus sylvatica (73), while the minimum in the ecosystem with Picea abies (68). 2,016 samples, 97 species with 23,441 individuals were analysed. In order to show similarities between predator mite populations from these areas, the vegetation and some abiotic parameters of the soil (temperature, humidity, pH) were analysed and described. Similarities between gamasid mite populations from the investigated ecosystems were analysed using the Jaccard index (q). The highest similarity index (q = 0.706) was recorded between gamasids identified in Picea abies and Abies alba forests, at soil level, in comparison with those from Abies alba and Fagus sylvatica forests (q = 0.656). Based on the similarity index, it is discussed that the gamasid population structure was influenced by the type of soil, the specific composition of the herbaceous, shrub and tree layers, the microclimatic factors, all characteristic for each studied ecosystem.

scholarly journals Вплив еколого-біологічних властивостей деревних порід на сукцесії в лісах Українських Карпат

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Kramarets ◽  
Myhajlo Popovich ◽  
Ostap Bojko
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Taxus Baccata ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Sorbus Aucuparia ◽  
Salix Caprea ◽  
Allium Ursinum ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L

Наведено дані про еколого-біологічні властивості деревних порід, які визначають динаміку лісовідновних процесів та впливають на перебіг лісових сукцесій. Охарактеризовано закономірності формування лісостанів за участю порід-піонерів, постпіонерів і дріад. Показано важливе значення піонерних деревних порід (берези повислої, осики, вільхи сірої) в оздоровленні лісових територій після всихання похідних ялинових монокультур. Охарактеризовано сукцесійні лісові угруповання, сформовані за участі порід із різними динамічними особливостями. Породи-піонери (Betula pendula Roth., Alnus incana (L.) Moench, Populus tremula L., Salix caprea L.) швидко покращують лісове середовище, тому відновлення лісостанів на місці похідних ялинників доцільно здійснювати за зразком природних лісовідновних сукцесій через стадію порід-піонерів. Породи-постпіонери (Acer pseudoplatanus L., Quercus robur L., Pinus syvestris L., Fraxinus excelsior L, Carpinus betulus L., Pyrus pyraster (L.) Burgsd, Tilia cordata Mill. та Tilia platyphyllos Scop, Sorbus aucuparia L.) формують довговічні сукцесійні угруповання. Сосна звичайна в Українських Карпатах формує природні реліктові лісостани. Лісові культури сосни створювали після Другої світової війни для залісення сільськогосподарських угідь. Рідкісними є ценози вільхи сірої та клена-явора з домінуванням у трав'яному ярусі Lunaria rediviva L., Scopolia carniolica Jacq., Allium ursinum L., Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Todaro, Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newman. На території НПП «Сколівські Бескиди» (гірські хребти Парашки та Зелеміні) Sorbus aucuparia утворює стійкі рослинні угруповання та формує верхню межу лісу. Породи-дріади Fagus sylvatica L., Abies alba Mill., Taxus baccata L. та Picea abies [L.] Karst. (на верхніх висотах гір) формують стійкі лісостани, які без втручання людини можуть тривалий час функціонувати, підтримуючи певний рівень балансу між всіма складовими елементами лісових екосистем. Рідко трапляються ценози Fagus sylvatica за участю у складі червонокнижних та регіонально рідкісних видів (Taxus baccata, Allium ursinum, Scopolia carniolica, Lunaria rediviva, Phyllitis scolopendrium). Надзвичайно цікавими з ценотичного та лісівничого погляду є лісостани зa участю Quercus robur та Abies alba, які сформовані домінуючими породами, що різняться за еколого-ценотичними особливостями. Рідкісними є ялинові ліси за участю ускладі Pinus cembra L. та Pinus mugo Turra.   Рідкісні лісові ценози потребують охорони та проведення заходів із підтримання їх стабільності, враховуючи напрямок і характер лісовідновних сукцесій. Для переходу лісового господарства на принципи наближеного до природи лісівництва на території Українських Карпат необхідно орієнтуватися на формування різновікових деревостанів за типом корінних з перевагою у їх складі довговічних порід-дріад – Fagus sylvatica, Abies alba, а на вищих висотних рівнях гір – Picea abies.

scholarly journals Suitability of sugar, amino acid, and inorganic ion compositions to distinguish fir and spruce honey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basel Shaaban ◽  
Victoria Seeburger ◽  
Annette Schroeder ◽  
Gertrud Lohaus
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Inorganic Ion ◽  
Plant Feeding ◽  
Different Types

AbstractHoneydew honey is produced by bees from excretions of plant-feeding insects, such as aphids and scale insects. Honeydew on conifers, like fir (Abies alba) or spruce (Picea abies), is produced by different species of the genera Cinara and Physokermes. This means that honeydew honey can stem from different botanical as well as zoological origins, but so far it is not possible to clearly distinguish the different types of honeys. In the attempt to identify distinguishing markers, 19 sugars, 25 amino acids and 9 inorganic ions were quantified in three groups of honeydew honey (fir/Cinara, spruce/Cinara and spruce/Physokermes) with 20 honey samples each. It could be demonstrated that the contents of isomaltose, raffinose, erlose, two undefined oligosaccharides, several amino acids, sulfate, and phosphate differed significantly between the three groups of honey. Furthermore, multivariate analyses resulted in a separation of spruce/Physokermes honey from spruce- or fir/Cinara honey due to its higher contents of phosphate, sulfate, erlose and two undefined oligosaccharides. Moreover, the amino acid composition and the isomaltose as well as the raffinose contents proved useful in the distinction between fir/Cinara and spruce/Cinara honey. In sum, the contents of sugars, amino acids, and inorganic ions in German fir and spruce honeys provide useful information about the botanical and zoological origin of honeydew honeys.

scholarly journals The structure of forest stands in the Tatra National Park: The results of 2016–2017 inventory

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Bodziarczyk ◽  
Jerzy Szwagrzyk ◽  
Tomasz Zwijacz-Kozica ◽  
Antoni Zięba ◽  
Janusz Szewczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
National Park ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Protection Zone ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Standing Dead ◽  
Elevation Zone ◽  
Standing Dead Trees ◽  
Tatra National Park

Abstract The composition and structure of forest stands in the Tatra National Park were examined using data gathered in 2016 and 2017 from 617 circular sample plots (0.05 ha each). The diameter at breast height of all living trees, standing dead trees, snags, and wind throws was measured along with diameters and lengths of fallen logs within the plot boundaries. Tree height was measured for all living trees within the core (0.01 ha) of the sample plots. Using the obtained data, height-diameter curves were calculated for all major tree species and in the case of spruce, the height-diameter relationships were also calculated separately for each of the three elevation zones (up to 1200 m, between 1200 and 1400 m, above 1400 m). For each elevation zone and park protection zone, we also determined the volumes of live and dead trees. The volume of living trees in the Tatra National Park amounted to 259 m3/ha, which was higher than the volume of dead trees (176 m3/ha). Snags constituted the largest part of the dead wood whilst over 97% of the standing dead trees were spruce Picea abies. Among living trees, the share of spruce ranged from 81% in the low elevation zone to 98% in the middle zone. Other significant species in the lower zone were Abies alba (11%) and Fagus sylvatica (4.5%), while in the middle and upper elevation zones only Sorbus aucuparia occurred in significant numbers. Furthermore, in the lower elevation zone, Fagus sylvatica was the only species displaying significantly higher volumes in the ‘strict protection’ zone compared to the other park areas. In the ‘landscape protection’ zone, Picea abies was the most dominant species and the share of other species in the lowest elevation zones calculated based on tree density was smaller than calculated based on tree volume, indicating problems with stand conversion from spruce monoculture to mixed forest.

scholarly journals On the Occurrence of Natural Norway Spruce Woodland in the Pieniny Mts (Western Carpathians)

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-138
Author(s):  
Peter Kučera
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Altitudinal Limit

Abstract According to Kulczyński (1928), a natural Picea abies forest occurs in the mountain range of the Pieniny Mts on the slopes of the mountain Vysoke skalky. Later, various data on the altitudinal range of this stand (and thus on the locality itself) were published: (1) 890 (900) - 950 m, (2) 1000 - 1050 m or (3) around 1000 m. The aim of the field research was to verify published data on the occurrence of a woodland of Upper Mountain Norway spruce (association Polysticho-Piceetum) in the territory of Vysoke skalky. A field study in the area has revealed that most of published data on the occurrence of the Kulczyński’s Picea woodland are incorrect, as its real upper altitudinal limit reaches ± 940 m. The main result is the confirmation of the real existence of a Vaccinium myrtillus-Homogyne alpina-Picea abies phytocoenosis in the territory of Vysoke skalky. However, tree species other than Picea abies (e.g. Fagus sylvatica, Abies alba, Acer pseudoplatanus) could persist in the special habitat of Kulczyński’s ‘Picea woodland’. The natural vegetation of this place was formed by mixed forest stand.

scholarly journals Spektralni potpisi (endmemberi) nekih šumskih vrsta u Republici Hrvatskoj

2020 ◽  
Vol 144 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 119-127
Author(s):  
Mario Ančić ◽  
Jelena Kolić ◽  
Dubravko Gajski ◽  
Ante Seletković ◽  
Andrija Krtalić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Viscum Album

Svi objekti reflektiraju, apsorbiraju ili emitiraju elektromagnetsko zračenje ovisno o sastavu, stvarajući jedinstvene uzorke koje zovemo spektralni potpisi ili endmemberi. Čisti spektralni uzorci definiraju se u idealnim terenskim ili laboratorijskim uvjetima, gdje je spektar refleksije dobiven uporabom spektroradiometra fokusiranog na jednu površinu. Prema istraživanjima, većina spektralno čistih uzoraka odnosi se na istraživanja minerala. Spektralni potpisi vegetacije, za razliku od spektralnih potpisa minerala, su dinamični (u spektralnoj, prostornoj i vremenskoj rezoluciji), znatno zahtjevniji za prikupljanje i dokumentiranje, te ih treba s oprezom ugraditi u spektralne knjižnice. Postoji nekoliko spektralnih knjžnica (većih i manjih) koje su organizirane po poglavljima, a sastoje se od uzoraka koji imaju dovoljan broj analiza i dokumentaciju za utvrđivanje kvalitete spektra. U ovome istraživanju izdvojeni su spektralni potpisi za nekoliko vrsta u Hrvatskoj: hrast lužnjak (Quercus robur L.), običnu bukvu (Fagus sylvatica L.), običnu jelu (Abies alba Mill.), običnu smreku (Picea abies L.), bijelu imelu (Viscum album L. ssp. Abietis (Weisb.)) i žutu imelu (Loranthus europaeus Jacq.). Svrha istraživanja je bila uspostaviti spektralnu knjižnicu za buduća istraživanja primjene hiperspektralnih skenera pri detekciji vrsta drveća. Za prikupljanje spektralnih potpisa korišten je hiperspektralni linijski skener ImSpector V9, koji snima vidljivi i bliži infracrveni dio spektra od 430 do 900 nm. Osim njega korišten je i senzor sunčevog zračenja FODIS, kako bi dobili prosječnu vrijednost sunčeve insolacije u trenutku snimanja. Snimanje je provedeno u kontroliranim uvjetima. Uzorci su postavljeni na kružnu podlogu sa naznačenom podjelom za svakih 45 stupnjeva točno u centru optičke osi skenera, te su rotirani kružno. Spektralne snimke su zatim obrađivane u softveru ImageJ gdje su izdvojeni podaci za daljnju analizu. Nakon obračuna srednjih vrijednosti po vrstama napravljene su usporedbe između vrsta. Dobiveni rezultati pokazali su preklapanja u vidljivom dijelu spektra, dok u bližem infracrvenom dijelu spektra vrste diferenciraju jedna od druge, odnosno rezultati pokazuju kako postoji razlika između spektralnih krivulja uzoraka. Provedenim istraživanjem definirani su postupci uzimanja uzoraka i dobiveni spektralni potpisi za istraživane vrste (endmemberi). Spektralni potpisi postali su dio spektralne knjižnice, a najznačajniji rezultat istraživanja je mogućnost primjene za detekciju vrsta na hiperspektralnim snimkama.

scholarly journals Can we use dendrogeomorphology for the spatial and temporal analysis of less intensive mass movement processes?: A case study of three debris flows in NW and W Slovenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Matevž Konjar ◽  
Tom Levanič ◽  
Thomas Andrew Nagel ◽  
Milan Kobal
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Debris Flow ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Tilia Cordata ◽  
Ostrya Carpinifolia

Debris flows can transport large amounts of material and therefore present a significant threat to infrastructure and human life. In this research, we used tree-ring width analyses to quantify the response of trees to three debris flow events in NW Slovenia (Javoršček, Srpenica) and W Slovenia (Nikova) for which we know the time of origin. We attempted to date these and similar tree responses in the past and compared the patterns between different tree species. Altogether, we sampled 147 trees across a range of tree species (Fagus sylvatica, Pinus sylvestris, Fraxinus excelsior, Fraxinus ornus, Acer pseudoplatanus, Picea abies, Juglans regia, Acer campestre, Tilia cordata and Ostrya carpinifolia), including reference trees that were outside the debris flow fan. For 91 trees, we constructed tree-ring chronologies and used pointer-year analysis to identify years that had abnormal growth. For the remaining trees (mostly Ostrya carpinifolia, Tilia cordata and Acer pseudoplatanus), we either could not accurately distinguish tree rings or two samples from a single tree showed significantly different growth patterns. The growth patterns of Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies following debris flow events showed a weak response at the Javoršček site and no clear responses at the other two sites. Tree species responded similarly at the same locations. Due to the lack of a clear response pattern, we were not able to reconstruct past debris flows.

scholarly journals Effect of game browsing on natural regeneration of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forests in the Krušné hory Mts. (Czech Republic and Germany)

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-180
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Fuchs ◽  
Zdeněk Vacek ◽  
Stanislav Vacek ◽  
Josef Gallo
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Tree Damage ◽  
Black Alder ◽  
Game Browsing

Abstract Tree damage by game browsing is one of the biggest threats to forest ecosystems at the time of climate change and large-scale forest disturbances. The aim of the paper was to determine the effect of browsing by ungulates on the diversity, abundance and species composition of natural regeneration in forest stands dominated by European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). The research was conducted on 10 permanent research plots in the Krušné hory Mts. in the Czech Republic and Germany. The density of natural regeneration was in the range of 23,300–114,100 recruits ha−1. A higher proportion of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) and rowan (Sorbus aucuparia L.) was found in the regeneration compared to the mature stands. A total of 78% of recruits was damaged by browsing. The most frequently damaged tree species were sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus L.; 98%) and black alder (Alnus glutinosa [L.] Gaertn.; 97%), while Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst; 31%) and sessile oak (Quercus petraea [Matt.] Liebl.; 50%) were the least affected. Seventy-nine percent of European beech recruits were damaged. The game significantly reduced the height of regeneration by up to 40%, especially by terminal browsing. Browsing also negatively affected the quality and abundance of regeneration. For successful dynamics of species-rich natural forest ecosystems, it is necessary to minimize tree damage by game browsing. These main measures include the reduction of ungulate population levels and the optimization of their age structure and sex ratio, an increase in the number of overwintering enclosures and food fields for game and a change in the political approach to game management with sufficient consideration of forestry interests.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document